Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease caused by the loss of dopaminergic neurons. Genetic factors, inflammatory responses, oxidative stress, metabolic disorders, cytotoxic factors, and mitochondrial dysfunction are all involved in neuronal death in neurodegenerative diseases. The risk of PD can be higher in aging individuals due to decreased mitochondrial function, energy metabolism, and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) function. The potential of AMPK to regulate neurodegenerative disorders lies in its ability to enhance antioxidant capacity, reduce oxidative stress, improve mitochondrial function, decrease mitophagy and macroautophagy, and inhibit inflammation. In addition, it has been shown that modulating the catalytic activity of AMPK can protect the nervous system. This article reviews the mechanisms by which AMPK activation can modulate PD.

Seyed Zanyar Athari

Fereshteh Farajdokht

Rana Keyhanmanesh

Gisou Mohaddes

AMPK signaling pathway as a potential therapeutic target for Parkinson's disease

AMPK信号通路作为帕金森病潜在治疗靶点的研究

Purpose: Apoptosis and autophagy play critical roles in the survival and regulation of cancer cells, with key genes serving dual purposes in these processes. Arsenic trioxide (ATO), oxaliplatin (OXA), and docetaxel (DOC) are widely used in the treatment of various cancers. Specifically, ATO inhibits cellular proliferation and induces apoptosis in certain cancer cells, while OXA and DOC, common agents in cancer chemotherapy, continue to be actively studied for their potential therapeutic effects. Materials and Methods: This study investigated the effects of ATO, DOC, and OXA on AGS and MKN-45 gastric cancer cell lines in vitro. The MTT assay was utilized to determine the effective concentrations of these compounds, both individually and in combination. Apoptosis was assessed using Annexin V-FITC staining, and the mRNA levels of genes related to autophagy and apoptosis were analyzed via real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Results: Our findings demonstrated that the combination of ATO with DOC and OXA significantly reduced the viability of AGS and MKN-45 cells compared to DOC or OXA therapy alone. Notably, the simultaneous administration of all three agents markedly enhanced apoptosis induction. Additionally, the combined use of two drugs showed a more pronounced impact on both cell necrosis and apoptosis compared to the effects of each drug used alone. Conclusion: The combination of two therapeutic agents represents a promising strategy for inducing autophagy and gene expression related to apoptosis in gastric cancer cells. This approach exerted a more substantial influence on cell apoptosis and necrosis than single-drug treatments, underscoring its potential as an effective therapeutic option.

Shadi Babaei

Mohsen Nikbakht

Ahmad Majd

Seyed Asadoullah Mousavi

Fariborz Sharifianjazi

The effect of Arsenic trioxide and its combination with Oxaliplatin and Docetaxel on the induction of autophagy and expression of LC3 and Beclin-1 genes in AGS and MKN-45 Gastric cancer cell lines

三氧化二砷及其与奥沙利铂和多西他赛联合使用对AGS和MKN-45胃癌细胞系自噬诱导及LC3和Beclin-1基因表达的影响

Purpose: Currently, there is a crucial need for alternative strategies to control leishmaniasis, which threatens more than 1 billion people worldwide. The simultaneous use of combination therapy and nanostructured lipid carriers aimed to assess the leishmanicidal activity of silver and dapsone niosomes co-administration in vitro and in silico. Methods: After preparing the niosomal formulations of dapsone and silver using the film hydration method, Span 40 and Tween 40 / Cholesterol with a 7/3 molar ratio was selected as the optimal formulation. Consequently, the arrays of experimental approaches were conducted to compare the anti-leishmaniasis efficacy of ready niosomes with amphotericin B and obtain a deeper understanding of their possible mechanisms of action. Results: Our findings showed higher potency of silver-loaded and dapsone-loaded niosomes co-administration compared to amphotericin B as a positive control group. The results of isobologram and combination index (CI) analyses confirmed the synergic potential of this mixture. This combination triggered anti-leishmanial pathways of macrophages, which promoted the expression level of Th1 cell-related genes, and the downregulated expression of the phenotypes related to Th2 cells. Furthermore, a high level of antioxidant and apoptotic profiles against the parasite provides a rational basis and potential drug combination for cutaneous leishmaniasis. Moreover, the outcomes of the molecular docking showed a high binding affinity between dapsone and iNOS, stimulating the immune response in Th1 direction. Conclusion: In general, the multifunctional leishmanicidal activity of dapsone and silver-niosomes co-administration should be considered for further in vivo and clinical studies.

Anna Etemadifar

Sina Bahraminejad

Abbas Pardakhty

Iraj Sharifi

Alireza Keyhani

Mehdi Ranjbar

Preparation, characterization, and leishmanicidal assessment of silver- and dapsone-loaded niosomes co-administration: in silico and in vitro study

银和氨苯砜载入的非离子表面活性剂囊的制备、表征及抗利什曼原虫评估：计算机模拟与体外研究

Purpose: Hijacked journals are fraudulent websites that mimic legitimate journals and, by charging authors, publish manuscripts. The current editorial endeavors to provide a close view of current literature. This editorial piece analyzes 10 years of research on hijacked journals and endeavors to shed light on future trends. Methods: Current research uses a bibliometric approach to analyze data and discuss results. The OpenAlex has been used for data collection. Some of the data analysis was conducted using OpenAlex. The other study was done using Bibliometrix, and the date is limited to publication between 2014 and 2024. Results: The findings provide a close view of the published literature in terms of access type, growth, topics, most frequent words, country contribution, top publishers, and alignment of literature with sustainable development goals. Conclusion: The gap in current literature is the limitation in easily usable methods to be accessible by all researchers for hijacked journal detection and data analysis. The use of artificial intelligence can be promising.

Mihály Hegedűs

Mehdi Dadkhah

Lóránt Dénes Dávid

A decade in hijacked journals: what will be the future trend?

十年劫持期刊：未来趋势如何？

Purpose: Medicinal plants and their derivatives have been used to treat wounds, and loading the plants into nanoliposomes (NLPs) helps to increase their efficacy. This study investigated the efficacy of NLPs loaded with Withania somnifera (WHSE) extract in mouse models for excisional wound healing. Methods: In the present study, we thoroughly evaluated WHSE's antibacterial, antioxidant, and safety profiles. Additionally, we assessed wound contraction, pathological evaluations, and the expression of bFGF and CD31. Results: The results showed that the extract and its NLPs had biocompatibility and exhibited antibacterial and antioxidant properties. Furthermore, our in vivo wound healing assay results showed that ointments containing 0.50% and 1.00% of the WHSE-NLPs accelerated wound healing and increased collagen and epithelialization. Furthermore, the results of the immunofluorescence and immunochemical tests indicated more expression of CD31 and bFGF in the mice that have been treated with WHSE-NLPS compared to those who were treated with WHSE and control groups. (P &lt; 0.05). Conclusion: We demonstrated that the administration of 1.00% of the WHSE-NLPs could compete with the commercial ointment (Nitrofurazone®). Therefore, balms prepared from WHSE-NLPs expedited the wound healing process by increasing collagen, epithelialization, and the expression of CD31 and bFGF.

Mohadese Mirshekari

Azar Bagheri Ghomi

Hamed Hamishehkar

Mohammadreza Farahpour

In vivo, evaluation of wound healing activity of nanoliposomes loaded with Withania somnifera extract

体内评估载有南非醉茄提取物的纳米脂质体促伤口愈合活性

Purpose: Breast cancer is a prevalent form of cancer in woman. Vorinostat (VOR) is a chemotherapeutic drug that has been utilized for treatment of breast cancer, but its effectiveness is limited due to low bioavailability and several side effects. The primary aim of this study is to prepare folic acid (FA) conjugated pegylated bilosomes containing VOR for the selective targeting of breast cancer cells with the FA receptor expression. Accordingly, lithocholic acid (LCA) was used as a bile acid in bilosomes due to its anti-cancer and anti-proliferation effects. Methods: VOR loaded bilosomes were prepared using the thin-film hydration method and optimized by applying two-level fractional factorial design. Various properties of the considered bilosomes, including particle size, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PdI), encapsulation efficiency (EE) % and drug loading (DL) %, were then investigated and synthesized FA-PEG-Cholesterol was incorporated in the optimized bilosomes. The anti-cancer efficacy of VOR loaded FA-PEG- bilosomes was also evaluated in vitro using the MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines. Furthermore, drug-free FA-PEG-bilosomes and bilosomes were evaluated for biocompatibility in the L929 cell line. Results: The optimized VOR loaded bilosomes exhibited spherical particles with the size of 305.33 ± 18.50 nm, PdI of 0.37 ± 0.03, zeta potential of -17.66 ± 0.15 mV, EE of 92.91 ± 0.22 % and DL% of 23.64 ± 0.04%. Incorporation of FA-PEG-cholesterol in nanobilosomes increased the particle size and absolute value of zeta potential. In vitro cytotoxicity study also revealed that VOR loaded FA- PEG-bilosomes demonstrated a greater cytotoxic effect, as compared to the free VOR and VOR- bilosomes in both MCF-7 and 4T1 cancer cells. Conclusion: This showed that FA- PEG-bilosomes could be a promising formulation for the treatment of FA (+) tumors.

Alireza Rashidi

Somayeh Taymouri

Mahboubeh Rostami

mina mirian

Development of folic acid functionalized bilosomes for delivery of vorinostat to breast cancer cells: Characterization and cytocidal effects on MCF-7 and 4T1 breast cancer cell lines

叶酸功能化双层体用于传递伏立诺他至乳腺癌细胞的开发：对MCF-7和4T1乳腺癌细胞系的表征及细胞毒性效应

Purpose: Lichens are well-known as a source of pharmacologically active compounds. This includes anticancer compounds which have biomass constraints including using traditional techniques of lichen bioprospecting. This current study reports the use of cutting-edge metabolomics and a computational approach to discover anticancer biomarkers from Indonesian lichens. Methods: Seven lichen crude extracts were evaluated against cervical cell lines HeLa using a MTT assay and secondary metabolites were profiled and recorded via a GCMS protocol. A multivariate analysis OPLSDA was employed to determine anticancer biomarker of the lichens. A structure-based computational study against the HeLa cancer cell related protein targets (BCL-2 (4MAN), AKT-1 (4GV1), MCL-1 (5FDO), and BRAF (5VAM)) was used to determine the most potent biomarker. Results: The MTT assessment indicated the seven lichens possessed strong, medium and weak cytotoxicity. Multivariate analysis showed an OPLS-DA score plot with distinct separation among the strong, medium and weak cytotoxic groups. The biplot OPLS-DA and GC-MS analysis proposed 13 compounds of Parmelia caroliniana and 12 compounds of Physcia cf. millegrana as anticancer biomarker candidates. Docking experiments revealed 6-amino-3,4,7-triphenylpyrido[2',3':4,5]thieno[2,3-c]pyridazine 4 from P. caroliniana to possess the highest binding affinity against BCL-2 (4MAN), AKT-1 (4GV1), MCL-1 (5FDO), and BRAF (5VAM) proteins with affinity energy values of -10.0, -11.6, -10.4, -12.6, respectively. Conclusion: The study successfully revealed compound 4 as the anticancer biomarker against HeLa cell cancer of P. caroliniana in which can be further explored through in vitro and in vivo studies. Further, the metabolomic protocol established can be adapted as a tool for biomarker discoveries from other medicinal plants.

Chintya Permata Zahky Sukrisno Putri

Dinar Mutia Rani

Ludmilla Fitri Untari

Banun Kusumawardani

Anang Kurnia

Paul A Keller

Ari Satia Nugraha

Metabolomic approach in anticancer biomarker discovery of folious lichens

苔藓地衣抗癌生物标志物发现的代谢组学方法

Purpose: A lectin-like protein from the mushroom Agaricus bisporus has been shown to slightly increase the proliferation of RAW 264.7 cells. Following its identification as a mannose-binding lectin, henceforth called A. bisporus mannose-binding protein (Abmb), the protein is hypothesized to stimulate the innate immune cells response. The present work was aimed to substantiate that hypothesis. Furthermore, this study complements Abmb exploration as a potential agent for anti-breast cancer, which its treatment is hampered with compromised immunity of patient receiving chemotherapy. Method: Abmb’s effect on the phagocytic activity of the macrophage was measured with FACS. Nitric oxide production was checked using Griess test while expression of the cytokines in the RAW 264.7 cells was analysed at gene and protein level using PCR and FACS, respectively. Abmb’s effect on the expression of surface markers of the human immune cells in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells was checked with specific antibodies for targeted cluster differentiation and analysed using FACS. Result: Abmb increased the phagocytic activity of the macrophage and NO production. Abmb increased the expression of cytokines i.e. tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10. With the peripheral blood mononuclear cells, Abmb activated dendritic and Natural Killer cells, but not the B- or T-cells. Conclusion: Abmb increased the activity of the macrophage cells and activated the immune cells that are related to the innate immune system, particularly the cellular immunity.

Heni Rachmawati

Agung Heru Kaarsono

Olivia Mayasari Tandrasasmita

Raymond Rubianto Tjandrawinata

Wangsa Tirta Ismaya

Agaricus bisporus mannose-binding protein stimulates the innate immune cells

双孢蘑菇甘露糖结合蛋白刺激先天免疫细胞

Purpose: The objective of this study was to develop and produce a novel fusion protein combining GLP-1 and FGF21, aiming to achieve synergistic pharmacological effects by targeting dual pathways, and subsequently validate these effects in a NASH model. Method: We utilized C57Bl/6J mice to establish an HFD/CCl4 NASH model, with the primary aim of assessing the drug efficacy across low, medium, and high (0.3, 1, 3mpk) dose groups administered twice weekly for 28 days. The secondary objective was to investigate the impact of long-term storage (-20°C, 30M) on HSP763-01's efficacy and to evaluate the drug effectiveness of the high dose (3mpk) group given twice a week after the use of CCl4 for 2 weeks for 28 days. Results: The animal pharmacological experiment of HSP763-01 demonstrated a significant reduction in body weight without apparent appetite suppression. Analysis of blood biochemical indicators revealed a marked decrease in TG, TCHO, LDL, and blood sugar levels with a significant dose-dependent effect. Additionally, Liver tissue analysis indicated notable alleviation of liver fatty degeneration and ballooning degeneration, as well as partial relief of lobular inflammation with a significant dose-dependent effect. However, due to the severe liver fibrosis induced by CCl4 in mice (3rd grade), HSP763-01 exhibited limited efficacy in alleviating fibrosis. Conclusion: HSP763-01 exhibited a clear dual target of GLP-1 and FGF21, which has been demonstrated by a robust response to the HFD/CCl4 model, showing a marked improvement in lipid metabolism, lowering of blood glucose, weight loss, significant alleviation of liver steatosis, ballooning, and partial relief of lobular inflammation and fibrosis.

Zhipeng Zhang

Yanqin Ma

Cheng Xie

Yan He

Dong Wang

Huaien Song

Miao Yuan

Xiaomei Zhang

A novel GLP-1and FGF21 fusion protein for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)

一种用于治疗非酒精性脂肪性肝炎(NASH)的新型GLP-1和FGF21融合蛋白

Serum creatinine (SCr) is widely regarded as a standard biomarker for assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and is commonly used to guide dose adjustments for renally eliminated drugs. However, the application of SCr as a marker for evaluating GFR and drug dosing in kidney injury has significant limitations that are often overlooked in clinical practice. This oversight can result in subtherapeutic drug concentrations or adverse drug reactions due to inappropriate dosing adjustments based on SCr levels alone. This review aimed to highlight the factors affecting serum creatinine (SCr) and the challenges associated with using SCr as a biomarker for assessing glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and adjusting drug doses with regard to its limitations and variability. The findings of this review underscore the complexity of SCr regulation, which is affected by its synthesis, metabolism, and excretion processes (glomerular filtration, tubular secretion, tubular reabsorption and extra-renal elimination), and disease states (such as trauma-induced hyperfiltration and HIV) and the use of medications (drug-creatinine interactions) lead to altered renal excretion of creatinine, either increasing or decreasing its levels. Additionally, the renal excretion pathways for drugs and creatinine are not entirely the same, making it difficult to use creatinine to evaluate drug renal excretion. In conclusion, SCr is an imperfect index of GFR and adjusting drug dosing, and the development of multi-biomarker panels, incorporating biomarkers from different excretory pathways-particularly those involving tubular transport-holds promise for improving the evaluation of renal excretory function and ensuring safer and more effective drug dosing.

Xinyi Wang

Jin Mu

Kexin Ma

Yanrong Ma

Challenges of Serum Creatinine Level in GFR assessment and Drug Dosing Decisions in Kidney Injury

血清肌酐水平在肾功能评估和肾损伤药物剂量决策中的挑战

Abbreviation	Adv. Pharm. Bull.
Journal Impact	3.21
Quartiles(Global)	PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY(Q2)

ISSN	2228-5881, 2251-7308
h-index	56

Publication Information	Publisher: Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2011，Proportion of original research papers: 58.75%，Self Citation Rate:3.20%， Gold OA Rate: 79.83%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：12 Weeks

Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience