Journal of Mining and Environment

A literature review revealed that most of the empirical equations introduced for determination of the uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) of rocks based on the Schmidt hammer rebound number (N) are not sufficiently reliable mostly due to the relatively low coefficient of correlations. This is attributed to the fact that in most cases one formula is used for all types of rocks, although the density of rocks is introduced to the formulae in some cases. On the other hand, if one specific relationship between N and UCS is introduced for one rock type, the equation will yield a much higher coefficient of correlation. During a research program supported by the Shahrood University of Technology, Iran, a third type of approach was considered. The study aimed to establish a relationship between N and UCS of a rock mass under particular geological circumstances. As an example, in this study, the immediate roof rock of coal seams in North-Eastern coal fields of Iran was selected. In order to determine the N and UCS, a significant number of samples were selected and tested, both in-situ and in the laboratory, and a new equation was established. The equation can be used to predict UCS of the roof rock in coal extracting areas in this zone by performing simple in-situ Schmidt hammer tests. It is predicted that such a procedure will be feasible for other geological conditions.

S. R. Torabi

M. Ataei

M. Javanshir

Journal of mining and environment

Application of Schmidt rebound number for estimating rock strength under specific geological conditions

特定地质条件下施密特回弹数估算岩石强度的应用

In this paper, we investigate a probabilistic approach in order to predict how acid mine drainage is generated within coal waste particles in NE Iran. For this, a database is built based on the previous studies that have investigated the pyrite oxidation process within the oldest abandoned pile during the last decade. According to the available data, the remaining pyrite fraction is considered as the output data, while the depth of the waste, concentration of bicarbonate, and oxygen fraction are the input parameters. Then the best probability distribution functions are determined on each one of the input parameters based on a Monte Carlo simulation. Also the best relationships between the input data and the output data are presented regarding the statistical regression analyses. Afterward, the best probability distribution functions of the input parameters are inserted into the linear statistical relationships to find the probability distribution function of the output data. The results obtained reveal that the values of the remaining pyrite fraction are between 0.764% and 1.811% at a probability level of 90%. Moreover, the sensitivity analysis carried out by applying the tornado diagram shows that the pile depth has, by far, the most critical factors affecting the pyrite remaining

F. Hadadi

B. Jodeiri Shokri

M. Zare Naghadehi

F. Doulati Ardejani

Probabilistic Prediction of Acid Mine Drainage Generation Risk Based on Pyrite Oxidation Process in Coal Washery Rejects-A Case Study

基于黄铁矿氧化过程的煤矸石酸性矿井水生成风险概率预测——一个案例研究

In this study, the chemical composition of water and soils contiguous to two abandoned coal mines in southeastern Nigeria, was assessed to evaluate the impact of water flow from the mines ponds on the geoenvironment and potential for acid mine drainage (AMD). Parameters including the pH, anions and cations, and the heavy metals were measured. These were used to evaluate contamination/pollution using hybrid factors including Pollution Load Index, factors, enrichment factors, pollution load index and index of geoaccumulation. The pH range of 3.4 to 5.9 classified the water as weakly to strongly acidic, typical of AMD. The SO42– ion, which indicates pollution by mine waters, showed moderate to high concentrations. Iron, zinc lead and copper were the most abundant heavy metals. Pollution Load Index values were greater than unity which show progressive deterioration in water and sediment quality. The Enrichment Factor values of up to 1 indicated enrichment through lithogenic and anthropogenic sources. The mine dumps serve as pools that can release toxic heavy metals into the water bodies by various processes of remobilization. Based on the lithology, mineralogy, chemical concentrations and environmental factors, the study has shown that there exists a potential for the generation of AMD. The heavy metals enriched mine flow, especially iron, empty into the nearby water bodies which serve as sources of municipal water supply. Consumption of untreated water over a prolonged period from these water sources may be detrimental to health. Remedial measure and continuous monitoring are recommended for good environmental stewardship.

L. Akpan

A. Celestine Tse

F. Dumbari Giadom

C. Iorfa Adamu

Chemical Characteristics of Discharges from Two Derelict Coal Mine Sites in Enugu Nigeria: Implication for Pollution and Acid Mine Drainage

尼日利亚埃努古两处废弃煤矿排放物的化学特征：对污染和酸性矿井排水的意义

In this work, zinc extraction from an industrial leach solution was investigated by saponified di(2-ethylhexyl)phosphoric acid (D2EHPA). The solution obtained was from a bioleaching process of a low-grade lead-zinc sulfide ore that contained 50 g/L of zinc and 6.3 g/L of iron. The selective and high Zn(II) extraction yield were obtained by modification of D2EHPA in a proposed two-step process. Firstly, a significant amount of iron (87%) was removed as sodium-jarosite via precipitation from the pregnant leaching solution (PLS) prior to zinc extraction, and secondly, the effective parameters involved in zinc extraction including the contact time, saponification degree, type of saponifier, stirring speed, pH, temperature, D2EHPA concentration, and phase ratio (A:O) were investigated. The results obtained showed that 98.4% of zinc could be extracted under the optimum conditions, i.e. 20% D2EHPA, 15% saponification degree, 650 rpm, pH 2, and an A:O ratio of 1:1 at the ambient temperature (25 ± 2 °C) during 90 s; it was 25% higher than using non-saponified D2EHPA under the same conditions. Moreover, while one theoretical step was required for the complete extraction of zinc by saponified D2EHPA, the required number of steps using D2EHPA was about three. Therefore, the advantages of the process would be two-fold: reducing the number of extraction stages and no need for neutralizing the raffinate in every extraction stage.

P. Tahmasebizadeh

S. Javanshir

Solvent Extraction of Zinc from a Bioleaching Solution by Modification of D2EHPA: Optimization and Thermodynamic Studies

D2EHPA改性生物浸出液中锌的溶剂萃取：优化与热力学研究

Seyed M. Pourhashemi

K. Ahangari

J. Hassanpour

Seyed M. Eftekhari

Analysis of Grinding and Chipping Processes beneath Disc Cutters of Hard Rock Tunnel Boring Machines (Case study: Uma-Oya water Conveyance Tunnel, SriLanka)

硬岩隧道掘进机盘形滚刀下磨削和剥落过程分析（案例研究：斯里兰卡Uma-Oya输水隧道）

The design of a stable slope in a rock mass environment is a quite complicated job due to the anisotropic behaviour of the rock mass. In this research work, the cut slopes at the Swat motorway in the weakest schist rock is numerically analyzed by the shear strength reduction (SSR) approach using the Finite Element-based 2D RS2 software. The slope is divided into two cases according to the nature of the rock. Each case of the cut slope is analyzed by two stabilization methods: 1) changing the characteristics of the slope 2) support system installation based on the Mohr-Coulomb (MCC) and Generalized Hoek and Brown (GHB) failure criteria in order to propose the most appropriate method for slope stabilization. The results obtained reveal that the Critical Strength Reduction Factor (CSRF) before applying the stabilization methods is 1.34 (MCC) and 1.04 (GHB) for Case-I and 1.21 (MCC) and 0.53 (GHB) for Case-II. CSRF for Case-I after changing the characteristics of the slope is observed to be 2.43 (MCC) and 2.33 (GHB), while for Case-II is 1.82 (MCC) and 1.26 (GHB), respectively. CSRF for Case-I after the support installation criteria is 1.59 (MCC) and 1.07 (GHB), while for Case-II is 1.65 (MCC) and 0.5 (GHB), respectively. Based on the comparative analysis, it is revealed that changing the characteristics of the slope method shows prominent results in both cases; therefore, this method can be effectively used in order to stabilize the slope in the weakest rock mass environment.

Sajjad Hussain

Zahid Ur Rehman

Naseer Muhammad Khan

Ishaq Ahmad

Salim Raza

Muhammad Tahir

Asad Ullah

Danial Afzal

Ali Khan

Muhammad Salman

Saira Sherin

Propose a viable stabilization method for slope in weak rock mass environment using numerical modelling: A case study from the cut slopes

提出一种在软弱岩体环境中可行的边坡稳定化方法：基于数值模拟的案例研究

The Wardha valley coalfields, situated in the western part of India, contribute to more than 7% of the national coal production.  The open-pit mining methods are the modes of exploitation of coal in the majority of the mines in the area. Due to the increased depth of working and higher stripping ratio, the output of waste overburden is increased. The challenges are the scarcity of the available land for dumping waste overburden geo-material safely. Optimization of the mine dump slope geometry is the only available alternative in the hands of the management in order to increase the life of the projects and continue the production of coal. This investigation specifically addresses this issue, and proposes a combination of the optimum geometric configurations of the dump slope. This work utilizes the computational power of the numerical modeling technique in order to solve a large number of alternatives and zero them down to the optimum combination. The numerical modeling is considered as a major external factor that contributes to the mine dump's instability. This work shows an 18% increase in the dumping waste material volume in the present condition. This investigation also reveals that double stage dumping is comparably better in optimizing the dump slope configuration.

Radhakanta Koner

Estimation of optimum geometric configuration of mine dumps in Wardha valley coalfields in India: a case study

印度Wardha河谷煤矿废石堆最优几何配置的估算：一项案例研究

In the current research work, a piping system is designed for slurry transport to the tailing dam in the Kooshk lead-zinc mine, Iran. The experiments are carried out primarily to investigate the rheological behavior of the slurry at different densities and obtain a non-Newtonian model for the shear stress variation with the deformation rate. It is shown that the shear stress of concentrated slurry follows the plastic Bingham model. The results obtained also indicate the increasing trend of the yield stress and the apparent viscosity of the slurry with the density. Appropriate correlations are proposed for the apparent viscosity and yield stress as a function of pulp concentration. At the next step, the required design parameters such as the slurry flow rate, pressure drop, critical velocity, and minimum required head for flow initiation and head losses are calculated for different slurry densities and pipe sizes. The appropriate piping system is finally designed based on the experimental data and the calculated parameters. It is concluded that the 3 in diameter pipe can be used to deliver the slurry with solid concentrations between 44% < Cw < 60% by weight, without a pumping system.

Javad Vazifeh Mehrabani

Mohammad Goharkhah

An investigation on tailing slurry transport in Kooshk lead-zinc mine in Iran based on non-Newtonian fluid rheology: an experimental study

基于非牛顿流体流变学的伊朗Kooshk铅锌矿尾矿浆输送实验研究

The mechanical characteristics of rocks and rock masses are considered as the determining factors in making plans in the mining and civil engineering projects. Two factors that determine how rocks responds in varying stress conditions are P-wave velocity (PWV) and its isotropic properties. Therefore, achieving a high-accurate method to estimate PWV is a very important task. This work investigates the use of different intelligent models such as multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), classification and regression tree (CART), group method of data handling (GMDH), and gene expression programming (GEP) for the prediction of PWV. The proposed models are then evaluated using several error statistics, i.e. squared correlation coefficient (R2) and root mean squared error (RMSE). The values of R2 obtained from the CART, MARS, GMDH, and GEP models are 0.983, 0.999, 0.995, and 0.998, respectively. Furthermore, the CART, MARS, GMDH, and GEP models predict PWV with the RMSE values of 0.037, 0.007, 0.023, and 0.020, respectively. According to the aforementioned amounts, the models presented in this work predict PWV with a good performance. Nevertheless, the results obtained reveal that the MARS model yields a better prediction in comparison to the GEP, GMDH, and CART models. Accordingly, MARS can be offered as an accurate model for predicting the aims in other rock mechanics and geotechnical fields.

Hadi Fattahi

Mahdi Hasanipanah

Nastaran Zandy Ilghani

Investigating correlation of physico-mechanical parameters and P-wave velocity of rocks: a comparative intelligent study

研究岩石物理力学参数与P波速度的相关性：一项比较智能研究

Carnallite, with the chemical formula KMgCl3.6H2O, is a mineral that was first discovered in the Urals Mountains in Russia. The reverse flotation has been established for carnallite processing in the current decades, and the alkyl morpholine collector is used for the removal of NaCl from carnallite using the reverse flotation. The carnallite processing method involves reverse flotation with the dodecyl morpholine collector, and then centrifugation and cold crystallization. In this research work, kimiaflot 619, as a new collector, is synthesized, and the bench-scale flotation shows that kimiaflot 619 reveals a better selectivity and affinity for the NaCl crystals at an acidic pH with a less collector dosages–only 1/2 of the Armoflot 619 collector. The flotation results indicate that the NaCl grade in carnallite concentrated by Armoflot 619 (200 g/t) is 2.86%, while the NaCl grade in carnallite concentrated by kimiaflot 619collector (100 g/t) is 2.75%. The frother’s stability of the Armoflot 619 collector after flotation is very high and uncontrollable, while kimiaflot 619 has solved this problem, and it is completely controllable.

Alireza Javadi

Carnallite Flotation of Khur Biabanak Potash Complex using kimiaflot 619 as a New Collector

使用kimiaflot 619作为新捕收剂的Khur Biabanak钾盐矿卡氏浮选

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	1.10
Quartiles(Global)	MINING & MINERAL PROCESSING(Q3)

ISSN	2251-8592, 2251-8606
h-index	12

Publication Information	Publisher: Shahrood University of Technology，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2019，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:27.30%， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Journal of Mining and Environment

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