Ukrainian Metrological Journal

The current problems of monitoring of the state and changes in areas of green plantings are considered. The assessment of dynamics of the distribution of forest park plantations would allow making decisions on taking appropriate measures for forest restoration or sanitary logging to maintain the areas of the “lungs of the city” at the appropriate level. The analysis of global trends in the use of GIS and remote sensing to study the situation with green plantings shows that this allows obtaining up-to-date and reliable information promptly. Namely, it enables quick monitoring of ecological aspects on large areas and significantly speeds up taking necessary measures, if necessary. The available approaches to observe the tasks of monitoring of green areas are analysed. The existing problems of assessing the state of the forest park economy in complex environments such as cities are proposed to be solved by using software products such as ERDAS IMAGINE and ArcGIS for processing and further analysis of satellite imagery of the area. To solve the task of predicting the change in the forest park economy area over time, modelling linear regression is proposed using the built-in programming language in the ArcGIS. The developed application with an intuitive interface will provide an opportunity to conveniently work with databases and attribute information, graphics and images. The development includes five options for performing calculations, which allows analysing the results in each of the anticipated scenarios. All calculations were performed on the example of the Kharkiv Forest Park “Sokolniki-Pomirki”. An algorithm for processing and analysing satellite images was developed. The proposed algorithm can be applied to increase the speed of monitoring of the state of forests and predicting changes not only in Kharkiv, but also in other cities in Ukraine and worldwide. The paper demonstrates the capabilities of GIS for monitoring of green areas, which allow performing similar work with minimal time costs. Thus, the GIS product is promising at the current stage of observing changes in the areas of green plantings.

Kostiantyn Mamonov

Volodymyr Velychko

Olena Pomortseva

Volodymyr Gryanyk

Monitoring of forest management. Prediction of area change

森林管理监测。面积变化预测

Nowadays, most human processes are automated by means of computerization. This process has not spared the automotive industry. The latest developments in this field give promise that in the near future, cars will be completely autonomous. However, before that, there is an urgent need to address a number of issues, such as increasing the angle of view for greater coverage of the road with minimal space curvature. It is known that when the angle of view increases, so does the distortion (a mismatch in geometric similarity between an object and its image). This mismatch significantly reduces the accuracy of recognition algorithms. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a calibration method for cameras. The paper deals with mathematical aspects of distortion and the method of calibration of automobile chambers, and calibration errors. The method of static calibration without the use of points at infinity using static templates is proposed. A conventional camera has a small field of view (about 80 degrees). Such angle of view does not provide full scanning of the space; as a result, some of the necessary information remains outside the field of view, which is crucial for automotive industry because road signs, pedestrians, traffic lights might be missed. Therefore, in case of car cameras, the angle of view is increased by introducing distortion aberration. In this case, the field of view increases, yet the geometric similarity between the object and its image is affected. This, in turn, can affect the accuracy of computer vision algorithms. In order to keep the field of view angle large and the similarity between the subject and the object, it is necessary to calibrate the camera. In this paper, a calibration method for wide-angle car cameras is proposed and considered.

Viacheslav Stadnichuk

Valentin Kolobrodov

Mathematical aspects of distortion calibration for digital cameras

数字相机畸变校准的数学方面

Metrological traceability is a property of the measurement result and requires an established multi-level calibration hierarchy. The metrological traceability chain is established through the calibration hierarchy and is used to establish the metrological traceability of the measurement result. Approaches to the establishment of metrological traceability chains are based mainly on graphic images.&#x0D; Special international guidelines and European recommendations on the measurement uncertainty are used to evaluate the measurement uncertainty during the calibration of measuring instruments. The measurement uncertainty necessarily increases along the calibration sequence and is different for different levels of the metrological traceability chain. The measurement uncertainty depends on measurement standards or measuring instruments used during calibration.&#x0D; A mathematical model of the metrological traceability chain for different levels of the calibration hierarchy is proposed. This model includes, as components, such basic metrological characteristics for a certain level of the chain as the measurement range, measurement uncertainty, measuring instrument or measurement standard. As additional parameters for the metrological traceability chain, it is proposed to use data from the calibration certificate of the corresponding measuring instrument or measurement standard used at a certain level of the chain.&#x0D; Recommendations regarding practical application of the developed mathematical model of the metrological traceability chain, which can be used for chains of any measurements, are proposed. They can be used to establish the required metrological characteristics for a certain level of the metrological traceability chain. Such a model and recommendations for its practical application can be used in national metrology institutes and calibration laboratories.

Oleh Velychko

Tetyana Gordiyenko

Mathematical modelling of metrological traceability chains

计量溯源链的数学建模

The discords concerning the measurement uncertainty evaluation in the Guide to the Expressing of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and its Supplement 1 are considered. To overcome these discords, the authors of the paper propose to use the kurtosis method and the law of the propagation of the expanded uncertainty. Using the example of the goniometer calibration, the features of accounting for the distribution laws of input quantities in the procedure for the measurement uncertainty evaluation are shown. A model for direct measurements of the value of a reference measure of the angle using a goniometer is written, the procedures for the measurement uncertainty evaluation are described, and uncertainty budgets for each of the methods are given. An example of the measurement uncertainty evaluation when calibrating a digital goniometer using a 24-sided reference prism is described. An estimate of the expanded measurement uncertainty for this example was made based on the web-based software application NIST Uncertainty Machine, which showed a good agreement with the estimates obtained by the considered methods. The technology of applying this software application for the confidence level of 0,9545, which the software lacks, is shown. The estimates of the measurement uncertainty obtained by the proposed methods, Monte Carlo method and methodology of the Guide to the Expressing of Uncertainty in Measurement are compared.

Igor Zakharov

Iryna Zadorozhna

Dariusz Świsulski

Dimitar Diakov

Accounting for the distributions of input quantities in the procedure for the measurement uncertainty evaluation when calibrating the goniometer

校准测角仪时测量不确定度评定过程中输入量分布的考虑

Based on the analysis of previously published research and studies, it has been established that despite their significant advantages over traditional “contact” sensors in measurements, testing and diagnostics of thin dielectric coated (via paint, plastic, etc.) metal products, the available electromagnetic-acoustic transducers provide insufficient sensitivity and significant uncontrolled (“dead”) zone. This situation complicates testing of thin sheets, pipes, shells, tanks etc., and sometimes makes it impossible to measure the remaining thickness of the metal.&#x0D; The analysis of available research has shown that the possibility of transducers sensitivity increases via traditional increase in the magnetic induction value, and the high-frequency current value is practically exhausted. At the same time, the prospects for improving the design of electromagnetic-acoustic transducers were determined. The problems of traditional transducers were solved through development of a new electronic control circuit. For this, the control unit was designed to be distributed between ultrasonic shear pulse excitation devices, and as a result, for the device of ultrasonic signals reflected from the metalwork reception, the device sensitivity was increased. In addition, to provide the possibility to test and measure thin metal product thickness, the electronic circuit was supplemented with means of interference suppression after the powerful supply of the high-frequency current of the converter, which allowed significantly reducing the “dead” zone.&#x0D; A special stand was constructed to experimentally test the capabilities of the transducer developed, including a powerful high-frequency current pulse generator, an amplifier of received ultrasonic pulses and a digital oscilloscope. It has been experimentally demonstrated that the new electronic circuit of the non-contact sensor allows it to be qualitatively matched with the probing pulse generator and the amplifier of the received ultrasonic packet signals. As a result, the sensitivity of the transducer was increased by 2.5...3 times in relation to the amplitudes of bottom pulses and interference. At the same time, the diagnostics of metal products with thickness 30...50% less than the traditional sensitivity threshold of non-contact device is ensured.

Marharyta Pozniakova

Grigory Suchkov

Ruslan Mygushchenko

Olga Kropachek

Andriy Donchenko

Improvement of the measuring ultrasonic electromagnetic-acoustic transducer

超声电磁声换能器测量性能的改进

In metrological studies, the minimization of Type A standard measurement uncertainty, which can be significantly increased by the presence of outliers in the data, is an essential task. Our previous research focused on detecting and eliminating outliers using various statistical methods, such as the Interquartile Range (IQR) method, the Median Absolute Deviation (MAD) method, as well as the machine learning-based Isolation Forest method. These methods have proven effective under certain conditions, significantly reducing Type A uncertainty and improving the measurement accuracy. However, despite the progress made, the issue of determining the optimal threshold values at which measurement uncertainty may well be minimized remains unresolved. This is especially crucial for tasks where even a slight increase in the uncertainty may significantly affect the results. The main focus is on studying the relationship between threshold values and changes in the measurement uncertainty, as well as analysing possible causes of these changes. The study is aimed at identifying the optimal data processing conditions under which minimal measurement uncertainty can be achieved, which is of paramount importance for improving the accuracy of metrological studies.

Valeriy Ashchepkov

Dmytro Byallovich

Volodymyr Skliarov

The influence of threshold values on Type A standard uncertainty in mass flow rate measurements for liquids

阈值对液体质量流量测量中A类标准不确定度的影响

Radiation dosimetry is a critical aspect of medical, industrial, and scientific applications involving ionizing radiation. Accurate measurements of radiation doses ensure the safety and effectiveness of radiological practices, which is essential for protecting patients in medical procedures, maintaining safety in industrial applications, and ensuring accuracy in scientific research. Leading international organizations conduct research aimed at improving measurement accuracy and the dissemination of measurement units. One of the methods contributing to this effort is various international projects. The National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” has participated in one such international project. This international project, involving several National Metrology Institutes (NMIs), aimed to improve the accuracy and consistency of radiation dosimetry across Europe. By standardizing measurement and calibration procedures, the project seeks to create a unified system for measuring radiation doses, thereby improving the reliability of ionizing radiation dosimetry. This project is particularly significant given the continuous increase in radiation-based technologies across various fields. For example, precise measurements of ionizing quantities are crucial in the medical field, especially for radiotherapy, to ensure that patients receive the necessary dose with minimal exposure to surrounding healthy tissues. Similarly, in industrial radiography, accurate dosimetry is essential for meeting safety standards and preventing excessive radiation exposure to workers. The international project, with the Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) and the Central Office of Measures (GUM) as leading organizations, aims to improve key factors in ionizing radiation dosimetry. These include developing reliable calibration protocols for various types of radiation, establishing traceability chains to ensure measurement accuracy, and sharing best dosimetry practices among project participants. Preliminary comparisons were performed between NMIs, with two control participants serving as references while other NMIs participated anonymously (knowing only their number and the numbers of the reference participants). Each participant had the opportunity to compare their obtained values with the reference values and make adjustments for future measurements. The collaborative nature of such cooperation also promotes knowledge and experience exchange, fostering innovation and improvement in dosimetry techniques. The NSC “Institute of Metrology”, a leading organization in the field of the ionizing radiation metrology, has actively participated in this project as a representative from Ukraine. The paper presents the results of international comparisons for X-ray beams with the radiation qualities N-40, N-100, N-200.

Andrii Pustovyi

Study of the Accuracy and Reliability of Dosimetric Measurements for X-ray Beams with Radiation Qualities N-40, N-100, N-200

N-40、N-100、N-200辐射品质X射线束剂量测量准确性与可靠性的研究

Ensuring homogeneity of the feed mixing is crucial for animal health and productivity. The growing complexity of feed formulations increases the need for uniform mixtures, particularly for young animals, where balanced feed significantly affects growth and consumption. Ferromagnetic microtracers, developed by MicroTracers Inc., are used to monitor mixing uniformity in dry feed production. These microtracers, including iron-based types, are effective due to their magnetic properties, facilitating detection, and separation. However, they are less suitable for liquid feeds, leading to the development of magnetic nanotracers based on the iron oxide for liquid feed applications. Nanoparticle Tracking Analysis (NTA) is used to measure the size and distribution of nanoparticles in liquid feeds, ensuring thus effective mixing. The stability and uniform distribution of magnetic nanoparticles are crucial, with various surfactants, such as dimethylamine salt of oleic acid (DMAOA) and ammonium oleate, influencing particle size and aggregation. DMAOA provides better dispersion and stability, essential for quality control in feed production. The concentration of cobalt in nanoparticles FexCoyOz was determined by a modified spectrophotometric method.

Tamara Sakhno

Valentyna Panchenko

Anatolii Semenov

Nikolay Barashkov

Ruslan Kharak

Yuriy Sakhno

Ferromagnetic nanotracers based on Fe and Co oxides: synthesis and their role in assessing the quality of mixing liquid feeds

基于Fe和Co氧化物的铁磁性纳米示踪剂：合成及其在评估液体进料混合质量中的作用

Computer methods for process research and methods for processing the measurement results of the parameters of these processes are widely used in biology and medicine. Therefore, the problem of automation of biophysical measurements and computer processing of the results of such experiments is relevant. In the treatment of wounds and burns with a large surface area of tissue damage, medicine has to resort to artificial skin. A procedure for studying thermal processes in artificial skin and measuring its thermophysical parameters was developed. The measurement process was described. The thermophysical parameters of the artificial skin samples used in medicine for the treatment of wounds and burns were determined. The samples of the artificial skin used were made in Ukraine. Each sample was made from six layers of skin. To control the temperature distribution in the sample between the skin adjacent layers and on the surface of the sample, thermocouples were placed. The surface of the sample was heated with an incandescent lamp. The thermocouple signals were sent to an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), amplified, and digitally transmitted to a computer. Processing was carried out using the ADC software and the MATHCAD program. A mathematical model was obtained. For this purpose, a differential equation describing thermal processes in the sample was solved. The found temperature distribution function and its changes over time are in a good agreement with experimental data. The analysis of the function allows finding the thermal conductivity coefficient of artificial skin, its volume heat capacity, thermal diffusivity coefficient, and heat exchange coefficient with the external environment. The proposed method of measuring and processing experimental data makes it possible to detect main thermophysical parameters of artificial skin. Based on these results, a theoretical model was obtained that well describes the course of thermal processes in artificial skin, which makes it possible to predict the course of these processes. Such method is based on heating the skin with optical radiation. The thermal conductivity and thermal diffusivity of artificial skin are significantly less than such parameters of human skin, which should be considered when using it.

Mykola Kokodii

Volodymyr Timanyuk

Anastasia Natarova

Iryna Zhovtonizhko

Denys Natarov

Measurement of thermophysical parameters of artificial skin

人工皮肤热物理参数的测量

The paper considers problematic issues related to ensuring the uniformity of measurements in the field of legal metrology, namely, during the calibration of working measurement standards used for verification of legally regulated measuring instruments. One of the conditions for ensuring the uniformity of measurements is the compliance of any measuring instrument with the requirements that are prescribed in its technical specification, where standardized metrological characteristics are indicated, which allows us to conclude about the suitability of the instrument for measurements in a known range and with a known accuracy. The procedure for verification of legally regulated measuring instruments establishes a ratio between the expanded measurement uncertainty provided for by the measurement standard and the maximum permissible error of the measuring instruments of no more than one to three. Determining such a ratio is an example of indirect accounting for the measurement uncertainty. The reliability of the assessment of the compliance of a working measurement standard with metrological requirements, which are regulated by the technical specification, depends on the correctness of the procedures for evaluating the measurement uncertainty during calibrations. The paper indicates the problems of updating the existing regulatory framework for the calibration of measuring instruments using reference gauges as an example and ensuring metrological traceability of the results of the calibration of the liquid volume measuring equipment. Attention was drawn to the need to apply in Ukraine the international practice of the standardization of calibration techniques and methods of uncertainty evaluation to ensure the uniformity of measurements. A procedure for evaluating the measurement uncertainty during the calibration of the reference 2nd-grade gauge by the volumetric method, which is used as a working measurement standard when verifying legally regulated measuring instruments – fuel dispensers for refuelling cars – is proposed.

Oleg Novoselov

Evaluation of the measurement uncertainty during the calibration of metal reference gauges of the 2nd category

第二类金属参考量规校准过程中测量不确定度的评估

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	0.25
Quartiles(Global)	INSTRUMENTS & INSTRUMENTATION(Q4)

Publication Information	Publisher: ，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: ，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 12.82%

Ukrainian Metrological Journal

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