JOURNAL OF FUNGI (ISSN 2309-608X) 是一本经过同行评审的国际科学开放获取期刊，为与病原真菌、真菌生物学和真菌研究的所有其他方面相关的研究提供了一个高级论坛。该杂志在季刊中发表评论、定期研究论文和通讯。我们的目标是鼓励科学家尽可能详细地发表他们的实验和理论结果。因此，对纸张长度没有限制。必须提供完整的实验细节，以便重现结果。

The Journal of Fungi (ISSN 2309-608X) is a peer-reviewed international open-access journal that provides a high-level forum for research related to pathogenic fungi, mycology, and all other aspects of fungal studies. The journal publishes commentaries, regular research articles, and communications quarterly. Our goal is to encourage scientists to publish their experimental and theoretical results as comprehensively as possible. Therefore, there is no restriction on the length of papers. Complete experimental details must be provided to allow for the reproducibility of results.

《Journal of Fungi》（ISSN 2309-608X）是一本经过同行评审的国际科学开放获取期刊，专注于病原真菌、真菌生物学及相关研究的各个方面。该期刊每季度发布评论、研究论文和通讯，旨在为科学家提供一个详细发表实验和理论结果的高级论坛。我们鼓励作者尽可能详尽地描述他们的研究，因此对论文的长度没有限制。作者需提供完整的实验细节，以便他人能够重现研究结果。

Journal of Fungi

Members of the fungal genus Trichoderma (Ascomycota, Hypocreales, Hypocreaceae) are ubiquitous and commonly encountered as soil inhabitants, plant symbionts, saprotrophs, and mycoparasites. Certain species have been used to control diverse plant diseases and mitigate negative growth conditions. The versatility of Trichoderma’s interactions mainly relies on their ability to engage in inter- and cross-kingdom interactions. Although Trichoderma is by far the most extensively studied fungal biocontrol agent (BCA), with a few species already having been commercialized as bio-pesticides or bio-fertilizers, their wide application has been hampered by an unpredictable efficacy under field conditions. Deciphering the dialogues within and across Trichoderma ecological interactions by identification of involved effectors and their underlying effect is of great value in order to be able to eventually harness Trichoderma’s full potential for plant growth promotion and protection. In this review, we focus on the nature of Trichoderma interactions with plants and pathogens. Better understanding how Trichoderma interacts with plants, other microorganisms, and the environment is essential for developing and deploying Trichoderma-based strategies that increase crop production and protection.

Alsayed Alfiky

Laure Weisskopf

Deciphering Trichoderma–Plant–Pathogen Interactions for Better Development of Biocontrol Applications

解密木霉-植物-病原体相互作用以促进生物防治应用的更好发展

Shurong Wang

Jingyi Wang

Tengyun Wang

Tonglou Li

Lijing Xu

Yanfen Cheng

Mingchang Chang

Junlong Meng

Ludan Hou

Integrated Transcriptomics–Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Response Mechanism of Morchella sextelata to Pseudodiploöspora longispora Infection

综合转录组-蛋白质组学分析揭示了羊肚菌对长孢假双孢菌感染的响应机制

Clonostachys rosea (Link) Schroers is a filamentous fungus that has been widely used for biological control, biological fermentation, biodegradation and bioenergy. In this research, we investigated the impact of this fungus on root growth in tomato and the underlying mechanisms. The results showed that C. rosea can promote root growth in tomato, and tryptophan enhances its growth-promoting impacts. The results also showed that tryptophan increases the abundance of metabolites in C. rosea, with auxin (IAA) and auxin-related metabolites representing a majority of the highly abundant metabolites in the presence of tryptophan. It was noted that C. rosea could metabolize tryptophan into tryptamine (TRA) and indole-3-acetaldehyde (IAAId), and these two compounds are used by C. rosea to produce IAA through the tryptamine (TAM) pathway, which is one of the major pathways in tryptophan-dependent IAA biosynthesis. The IAA produced is used by C. rosea to promote root growth in tomato. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on IAA biosynthesis by C. rosea through the TAM pathway. More research is needed to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying IAA biosynthesis in C. rosea, as well as to examine the ability of this fungus to boost plant development in the field.

Zhengyuan Han

Hossein Ghanizadeh

Haotian Zhang

Xinmao Li

Tiantian Li

Qi Wang

Jiayin Liu

Aoxue Wang

Clonostachys rosea Promotes Root Growth in Tomato by Secreting Auxin Produced through the Tryptamine Pathway

Candida auris is an emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen. Since first reported in 2009, C. auris has caused healthcare outbreaks around the world, often involving high mortality. Identification of C. auris has been a major challenge as many common conventional laboratory methods cannot accurately detect it. Early detection and implementation of infection control practices can prevent its spread. The aim of this review is to describe recommendations for the detection and control of C. auris in healthcare settings.

Diego H. Caceres

Kaitlin Forsberg

Rory M. Welsh

David Joseph Sexton

Shawn R. Lockhart

Brendan R. Jackson

Tom Chiller

Candida auris: A Review of Recommendations for Detection and Control in Healthcare Settings

crown rot (FCR) in wheat is a prevalent soil-borne disease worldwide and poses a significant threat to the production of wheat (

Jiaxing Meng

Feifei Zan

Zheran Liu

Yuan Zhang

Cancan Qin

Lingjun Hao

Zhifang Wang

Limin Wang

Dongmei Liu

Shen Liang

Honglian Li

Haiyang Li

Shengli Ding

Genomics Analysis Reveals the Potential Biocontrol Mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa QY43 against Fusarium pseudograminearum

基因组学分析揭示铜绿假单胞菌QY43对禾谷镰刀菌的潜在生物防治机制

The interaction between plants and microorganisms plays a major role in plant growth promotion and disease management. While most microorganisms directly influence plant health, some indirectly support growth through pest and disease suppression. Endophytic entomopathogenic fungi are diverse, easily localized, and have long-lasting effects on insect pests. When inhabiting plants, these fungi alter secondary metabolites, volatile organic compounds, and microbiomes, enhancing plant resistance to pests and diseases and sometimes improving growth. However, their persistence in plant systems may be challenged by the plant’s defense mechanisms or by human interventions such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, and phyto-insecticides, which are common in agriculture. As effective biocontrol agents, endophytic entomopathogenic fungi can also be integrated with other pest management strategies like predators, parasitoids, and chemicals. This review will explore the impact of endophytic entomopathogens on plant systems and their compatibility with other management practices.

Krishnamoorthy Aravinthraju

Mookiah Shanthi

Marimuthu Murugan

Ramasamy Srinivasan

Lourena Arone Maxwell

Narayanan Manikanda Boopathi

Rangasamy Anandham

Endophytic Entomopathogenic Fungi: Their Role in Enhancing Plant Resistance, Managing Insect Pests, and Synergy with Management Routines

内生昆虫病原真菌：增强植物抗性、管理害虫及其与管理常规的协同作用

Background: Invasive candidiasis is a predominant mycosis in hospitalized patients, and Candida albicans is the species most often responsible for this infection. Most candidiasis cases originate from endogenous mycobiota; therefore, Candida strains can easily be transferred among hospital patients and personnel. The aim of this study was to assess the possible horizontal transmission of C. albicans in patients with severe COVID-19 infection requiring hospitalization in the intensive care unit. Methods: In total, 59 C. albicans strains from 36 patients were collected from blood and lower-respiratory samples. The strains were genotyped using the RAPD method with the OPA-18 primer (5′-AGCTGACCGT-3′). Antifungal susceptibility testing was performed for amphotericin B (AMB), fluconazole (FCZ), voriconazole (VCZ), and anidulafungin (ANF) using the EUCAST method. Results: C. albicans strains were separated into 13 different groups according to their RAPD pattern. Two predominant clonal clusters of 17 strains isolated from 12 patients and 12 strains from 7 patients were identified, followed by clusters with 6, 4, and 8 strains isolated from 5, 4, and 3 patients, respectively. C. albicans strains were sensitive to AMB, FCZ, VCZ, and ANF, and antifungal susceptibility profiles were similar in all genetic clusters. Conclusions: Our study indicates that C. albicans strains can spread horizontally. The routes of transmission for strains in the ward have not been explained due to there being insufficient data. The transmission could have been caused by the unintentional spread of pathogens by medical personnel.

Magdalena Skóra

Katharina Rosam

Magdalena Namysł

Anna Sepioło

Mateusz Gajda

Justyna Jędras

Paweł Krzyściak

Joanna Zorska

Jerzy Wordliczek

Piotr B. Heczko

Reinhard Würzner

Michaela Lackner

Jadwiga Wójkowska-Mach

Candida albicans Horizontal Transmission in COVID-19 Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Unit

COVID-19重症监护病房住院患者白色念珠菌水平传播

Barnyard grass is one of the most serious rice weeds, often growing near paddy fields and therefore potentially serving as a bridging host for the rice blast fungus. In this study, we isolated three fungal strains from diseased barnyard grass leaves in a rice field. Using a pathogenicity assay, we confirmed that they were capable of causing blast symptoms on barnyard grass and rice leaves to various extents. Based on morphology characterization and genome sequence analyses, we confirmed that these three strains were Epicoccum sorghinum (SCAU-1), Pyricularia grisea (SCAU-2), and Exserohilum rostratum (SCAU-6). The established Avirulence (Avr) genes Avr-Pia, Avr-Pita2, and ACE1 were detected by PCR amplification in SCAU-2, but not in SCAU-1 or SCAU-6. Furthermore, the whole-genome sequence analysis helped to reveal the genetic variations and potential virulence factors relating to the host specificity of these three fungal pathogens. Based on the evolutionary analysis of single-copy orthologous proteins, we found that the genes encoding glycoside hydrolases, carbohydrate esterases, oxidoreductase, and multidrug transporters in SCAU-1 and SCAU-6 were expanded, while expansion in SCAU-2 was mainly related to carbohydrate esterases. In summary, our study provides clues to understand the pathogenic mechanisms of fungal isolates from barnyard grass with the potential to cause rice blast.

Na Zhang

Xinyang Li

Liangping Ming

Wenda Sun

Xiaofang Xie

Cailing Zhi

Xiaofan Zhou

Yanhua Wen

Zhibin Liang

Yizhen Deng

Comparative Genomics and Pathogenicity Analysis of Three Fungal Isolates Causing Barnyard Grass Blast

三种引起稗草瘟病的真菌分离物的比较基因组学与致病性分析

Fungi are one of the major components of the eukaryotic microbial community in marine ecosystems, playing a significant role in organic matter cycling and food web dynamics. However, the diversity and roles of fungi in marine sediments remain poorly documented. To elucidate the diversity and spatial distribution of fungal communities in the marine sediments of an estuary–coast continuum across three distinct salinity regions in Zhanjiang Bay, China, the variations in fungal diversity, abundance, community structure, and distribution in the sediments were investigated through the application of high-throughput amplicon sequencing using the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) primers. Additionally, the FUNGuild database was employed to assess the potential functional traits of fungi. A total of 1242 ASV sequences, affiliated to 144 genera and five phyla, were identified. Ascomycota (68.97%) and Basidiomycota (6.41%) were the dominant fungal groups, together accounting for 75.38% of the total relative abundance of the fungal community. Significant differences were observed in the α-diversity indices (Shannon index and richness) and β-diversity of fungal communities across the three distinct salinity regions. The fungal molecular network exhibited primarily positive species interactions, with notable structural differences across salinity gradients. The low-salinity group had a large network with high modularity; the medium-salinity group a small, simple network with high centralization, and the high-salinity group a compact, moderately complex network. Symbiotrophs, saprotrophs, and pathotrophs, being the three trophic types with the highest proportions, were estimated based on ITS. A redundancy analysis (RDA) indicated that salinity was the primary factor influencing the distribution of Ascomycota communities, while the distributions of Basidiomycota, Chytridiomycota, Mucoromycota, and Rozellomycota were more strongly affected by environmental factors such as chlorophyll a, chemical oxygen demand (COD), pH, and temperature. Our work provides new scientific data on the diversity, composition, and distribution of fungal communities in Zhanjiang Bay, which helps to understand the biodiversity of fungi in the estuary–coast ecosystems.

Menghan Gao

Bihong Liu

Jianming Li

Yunyan Deng

Yulei Zhang

Ning Zhang

Feng Li

Changling Li

Xianghu Huang

Zhangxi Hu

Diversity and Distribution of Fungi in the Marine Sediments of Zhanjiang Bay, China

湛江湾海洋沉积物中真菌的多样性与分布

Gene editing using CRISPR/Cas9 is an innovative tool for developing new mushroom strains, offering a promising alternative to traditional breeding methods that are time-consuming and labor-intensive. However, plasmid-based gene editing presents several challenges, including the need for selecting appropriate promoters for Cas9 expression, optimizing codons for the Cas9 gene, the unintended insertion of fragmented plasmid DNA into genomic DNA (gDNA), and regulatory concerns related to genetically modified organisms (GMOs). To address these issues, we utilized a Ribonucleoprotein (RNP) complex consisting of Cas9 and gRNA for gene editing to modify the A mating-type gene of Lentinula edodes. To overcome the challenges posed by the large size of the Cas9 protein, which limits its penetration through the protoplast membrane, and the susceptibility of sgRNA to degradation, we developed a nanoparticle complex using calcium phosphate and polyacrylic acid. This approach significantly improved gene editing efficiency. Consequently, we successfully edited the mating-controlling genes hd1 and hd2 in L. edodes and examined the effects of their disruption on mating. Disruption of the hd1 gene, which is known to influence mycelial growth, did not significantly affect growth or mating. In contrast, editing the hd2 gene disrupted mating with compatible partners, highlighting its critical role in the mating process. The RNP-based transformation technology presented here offers significant advancement over traditional plasmid-based methods, enhancing the efficiency of targeted gene modification while avoiding the insertion of foreign genetic material, thereby mitigating GMO-related regulatory concerns.

Minseek Kim

Minji Oh

Ji-Hoon Im

Eun-Ji Lee

Hojin Ryu

Hyeon-Su Ro

Youn-Lee Oh

Effect of a Mating Type Gene Editing in Lentinula edodes Using RNP/Nanoparticle Complex

香菇交配型基因编辑效果使用RNP/纳米颗粒复合物

Abbreviation	JoF
Journal Impact	4.19
Quartiles(Global)	MYCOLOGY(Q1)

Publication Information	Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2015，Proportion of original research papers: 89.70%，Self Citation Rate:11.90%， Gold OA Rate: 99.66%
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：11 Weeks

Journal of Fungi

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