Advances in Agriculture

Ethiopia is a growing country which is in need of scientific ground for land use planning and agricultural-based economy. Evaluation of land use/land cover (LULC) changes helps for proper scheduling and use of natural resources with safe administration in accordance with time and dynamic population growth of the country, specifically in the study area. One of the detailed and useful ways to develop land use evaluation and classification maps is the use of geospatial techniques such as remote sensing and geographic information systems (GIS). The main focus of this study is to evaluate the dynamics of land use and land cover (LULC) changes in the Abelti Watershed, Omo-Gibe River basin, Ethiopia. Maximum likelihood algorithm approach supervised classification method was used for identifying the LULC changes using satellite data to know LULC changes in the watershed. Quantifications of spatial and temporal dynamics of land use/cover changes were accomplished by using three satellite images of 2000, 2010, and 2017 and classifying them via a supervised classification algorithm by using Earth Resources and Development System (ERDAS) software and finally applying the postclassification change detection technique was performed by using ArcGIS 10.3. From the LULC analysis, the increase was observed in the agricultural area and settlement area from 2000 to 2017. On the other hand, shrub land followed a declining trend during the study period. However, forest and bare land followed variable trends during the study period in which forest declined from 2000 to 2010 but increased from 2010 to 2017 and bare land increased from 2000 to 2010 and declined from 2010 to 2017. Generally, the driving force behind this change was population growth, rapid urbanization, and deforestation which resulted in a wide range of environmental impacts, including degraded habitat quality in the watershed.

Melkamu Ateka Derebe

Samuel Dagalo Hatiye

Ligalem Agegn Asres

Dynamics and Prediction of Land Use and Land Cover Changes Using Geospatial Techniques in Abelti Watershed, Omo Gibe River Basin, Ethiopia

基于地理空间技术的埃塞俄比亚奥莫吉贝河流域阿贝尔蒂流域土地利用与土地覆盖变化动态及预测

Soil and water conservation practices contribute to long-term agricultural sustainability and sustainable agriculture. This review examines the primary agronomic practices and their role in soil and water conservation. The review revealed that Ethiopia's significant agronomic soil and water conservation practices are strip cropping, mixed cropping, intercropping, fallowing, mulching, contour plowing, crop rotation, preservation of tillage, and agroforestry. A significant difference was found between conserved and nonconserved land in terms of soil chemical and physical properties, soil organic matter, total N, available phosphorous (P), bulk density, infiltration rate, and soil texture. The non-conserved land had lower soil organic matter, total N, and infiltration rate with higher bulk density, clay content, and available P. Soil organic matter content positively correlated with infiltration rate and total N, and it negatively correlated with soil bulk density. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) positively correlated with soil pH and available P. The undulating lands were moderately suitable for rain fed agriculture. The plant canopies, litter, and mulching intercept rain by decreasing the amount, intensity, and spatial distribution of the precipitation reaching the soil surface, protecting the soil surface from the direct impact of raindrops that can cause splash and sheet erosion. In soil and water conservation, this practice is higher than others because crops and leguminous woody perennials improve and enrich soil conditions through atmospheric nitrogen fixation, organic matter through litterfall and dead and decaying roots, nutrient cycles, modification of soil porosity, and contribution to infiltration rates. It also relieves and maintains salinity, alkalinity, acid, and water retention problems. To increase the water table and increase soil moisture, water conservation is based on trapping as much of this water as possible and storing it on the surface (intanks) or allowing it to sink into the soil. Even where storage pans are dug, they are small and cannot keep the premises afloat when the drought lasts for days, as they have done recently. It is strongly recommended that the productivity of soil and water conservation measures is promoted through an integrated approach in which farmers are intensively involved in every implementation stage.

Wudu Abiye

Soil and Water Conservation Nexus Agricultural Productivity in Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚土壤与水土保持对农业生产力的影响

Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are important yield‐contributing nutrients for sustainable rice production. However, there is not much information in Bangladesh on the co‐application of N and K and how they interact to affect rice yield and nutrition. Field experiments with the combined application of five K rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 kg ha ‒1 ) and four N rates (0, 50, 75, and 100 kg ha ‒1 ) were conducted to investigate their interaction effect on rice yield, nutrient uptake, and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). The biomass yield of rice in maximum tillering (MT) and heading stages was significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) higher in the combination of 75 kg N and 100 kg K ha ‒1 . Similarly, the co‐application of N and K yielded significantly ( p &lt; 0.05) higher grain and straw in 75 kg N and 100 kg K ha ‒1 combination. Likewise, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, and zinc uptake at MT, heading, and maturity stages were higher in the 100 kg N and 100 kg K ha ‒1 combination. Potassium uptake increased with the increasing K rates due to luxurious consumption. Higher K uptake was recorded at all growth stages in the 100 kg N and 200 kg K ha ‒1 combination, which was statistically similar to that of the combination of 100 kg N and 150 kg K ha ‒1 . However, higher agronomic efficiency of N was observed in the combination of 50 kg N and 100 kg K ha ‒1 . These results imply that optimum rice yield and NUE can be achieved in clay loam soils by applying 100 kg K and 75 kg N ha −1 .

Mahmuda Akter

S. M. Mofijul Islam

Mohammad Nazrul Islam

Muhammad Sajidur Rahman

Aminul Islam

Mariam Khanam

Mosud Iqbal

Md. Rafiqul Islam

Optimizing Rice Yield and Nutrient Uptake: Investigating the Interaction Between Nitrogen and Potassium in Wet Season Rice Cultivation

优化水稻产量与养分吸收：探究湿季水稻栽培中氮与钾的相互作用

Biofortification of staple food stands as one of the most reliable methods of alleviating vitamin A deficiency (VAD). Evidence suggests that introducing provitamin A carotenoid (pVAC) cassava into the diets of preschool and primary school children in East Africa has led to improvements in their retinol levels. Notably, Kenya and Uganda have initiated cassava biofortification programs in the region. These efforts involve the assembly and characterization of pVAC cassava germplasm, alongside the development of essential tools such as genomic prediction (GP) models and molecular markers for accelerating genetic gains in the biofortification programs. However, several challenges have emerged, including a negative correlation between carotenoid content and dry matter content in cassava roots, diseases, the absence of affordable high‐throughput phenotyping methods, poor cassava flowering, poor pollen viability, low capacity in bioinformatics analyses, degradation of carotenoids during processing, and inadequate germplasm conservation facilities. To address these hurdles, cassava breeding programs in the region require enhanced infrastructure and human capacity to optimize efficiency in cassava biofortification with pVACs.

Wilfred Abincha

Daniel Kwadjo Dzidzienyo

Lilian Noela Wesonga

Murenga Mwimali

Alfred Ozimati

Ismail Siraj Kayondo

Kwadwo Ofori

Pangirayi Tongoona

Benjamin Musembi Kivuva

Enhancing Nutrition: A Review of Provitamin A Carotenoid Cassava Breeding Initiatives in East Africa

增强营养：东非类胡萝卜素木薯育种计划综述

Ethiopian mustard ( Brassica carinata A. Braun) is a versatile oil crop cultivated for vegetable and oilseed production. Despite the availability of numerous landraces, a comprehensive understanding of their phenotypic diversity remains limited, hindering breeding efforts to improve the crop. This study evaluated 386 Ethiopian mustard accessions for 21 agromorphological and six physiological traits over two growing seasons using an augmented block design. This comprehensive analysis aimed to uncover the extent of phenotypic variation within the germplasm collection and identify promising genotypes with desirable traits for breeding. Significant variation ( p ≤ 0.001) was found among accessions, highlighting their substantial phenotypic diversity. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed that the top 5 components explained 61.23% of the total variation, providing insights into the major contributors to phenotypic variability. Cluster analysis grouped the accessions into four distinct clusters, with the highest intercluster divergence (18.21) observed between clusters 3 and 4. This suggests the potential for selecting diverse genotypes across phenotypic groups, which could be valuable for broadening the genetic base of breeding programs. Cluster 2 exhibited the highest intracluster distance (6.71) and mean genetic distance (5.23), implying extensive agromorphological and physiological variability, valuable for breeding to develop cultivars with diverse traits. Overall, this study identified several superior performing genotypes: acc‐192, acc‐386, acc‐1, acc‐192, acc‐377, acc‐1, acc‐235, acc‐294, acc‐302, acc‐112, acc‐331, acc‐152, acc‐55, and acc‐72 characterized by high seed yields and oil content. These accessions are promising candidates for further improvement and incorporation into breeding programs. These findings reveal extensive genetic diversity in Ethiopian mustard and provide valuable insights for future breeding programs, highlighting the potential of conserving genetic resources to enhance the crop’s performance, adaptability, and versatility, ultimately supporting sustainable agriculture and alternative energy development initiatives.

Yirssaw Demeke Ambaw

Andargachew Gedebo Abitea

Temesgen Magule Olango

Birhanu Mengistu Aboye

Agromorphological and Physiological Trait Diversity in Ethiopian Mustard (<i>Brassica carinata</i> A. Braun) Germplasm

埃塞俄比亚芥菜（<i>Brassica carinata</i> A. Braun）种质资源的农艺形态与生理特性多样性

Globally, drought is occurring more frequently today, which is considerably affecting rural households’ agricultural productivity and socioeconomic development. Understanding households’ perceptions of drought is thus important for resilience-building work because people act based on their views, and the resilience of people is tied to their views, knowledge, culture, and attitudes. This study analyses the rural households’ perceptions of drought occurrence and its influence on livelihood strategies in northeast Ethiopia. This was achieved through a mixed-methods approach with a concurrent research design. The quantitative data were collected from 354 randomly selected household heads, whereas the qualitative data were collected from purposefully selected household head focus group discussions (FGDs) and key informants. The quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, whereas the qualitative data were analyzed using thematic data analysis techniques. The results show that climate variability and drought occurrence were perceived by the households as decreasing rainfall, increasing temperature, variations in rainfall onset and cessation, variations in heat waves and cold waves, heavy rainfall events, changes in sporadic rain, a lesser coverage of clouds, and adverse weather events. Within the last 25 years, households have perceived the number of extreme, severe, or moderate droughts to be increasing. Household perceptions of temperature changes match meteorological records, but their perceptions of rainfall changes do not. The drought hampered income sources, brought food shortages, and threatened family well-being. It increased water stress, livestock morbidity and mortality, insect invasions, fire outbreaks, grazing resource depletion, abnormal migration, school dropout rates, and human health problems. The findings have important policy implications to mitigate drought risk, enhance drought adaptation, and develop pathways out of drought vulnerability, so it is worthwhile to harmonize the household perceptions with climate change policy.

Sisay Demeke Molla

Menberu Teshome Zeleke

Sisay Misganaw Tamiru

Rural Household Perception of Drought Occurrence and Its Influence on Livelihood Strategy in Northeast Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚东北部农村家庭对干旱发生的感知及其对生计策略的影响

Soil degradation due to acidity is a serious problem in western Ethiopia, which would lower soil productivity and crop production. Implementing integrated soil fertility management is the most efficient approach for enhancing agronomic efficacy and boosting crop output while addressing the issue of soil acidity. This experimental study aimed to investigate the effect of combined coffee husk biochar (CHB), soil test-based value lime (STV), and inorganic-fertilizer (NPSB-fertilizer) rates on the optimum yield of garlic in Gimbi district, western Ethiopia. The field experiment was conducted during the 2022 cropping season on two sites. The experiment comprised 14 treatments laid out in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. Application of integrated biochar, lime, and inorganic-fertilizer rates showed a highly significant impact ( <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M1"><mi>p</mi><mtext> </mtext><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0.01</mn></math> ) on the yield and yield components of garlic. The treatment unit with T11 ha−1 had the significantly highest total fresh biomass yield (TFBY) per plant for both Farm-1 (65.9 g) and Farm-2 (75.3 g). Bulb yield fresh weight per plant (BWp) was highest in treatments of T4 and T8 ha−1 in Farm-1 (27.7–28.1 g) and in treatments of T4 and T11 ha−1, in Farm-2 (31.4–31.6 g). Marketable bulb yield (MBY) was significantly highest in treatments; T4, T7, T8, and T11 ha−1 in Farm-1 (8.5–9.3 tons ha−1) and Farm-2 (10.1–10.5 tons ha−1). Therefore, by combining, the application of 10 tons of biochar (CHB) + 75% of lime (STV) + 75% of inorganic-fertilizer (NPSB-fertilizer) ha−1 in strongly acid soil, and 7.5 tons of CHB + 50% of STV + 50% of NPSB-fertilizer ha−1 rates in very strongly acid soil are recommended for garlic production in Gimbi district, western Ethiopia, and similar areas. In order to draw firm conclusions, future research on more sites is necessary because this study was logically limited to two sites.

Solomon Abeba Kenea

Tolera Abera Goshu

Kinati Chimdessa

Response of Garlic (Allium sativum L.) Yield to Combined Biochar, Lime, and Inorganic-Fertilizer Rates in the Case of Gimbi District, Western Ethiopia

埃塞俄比亚西部金比地区大蒜（Allium sativum L.）产量对生物炭、石灰和无机肥料组合施用率的响应

This study investigated the effect of upland crop rotation on soil bacterial community in bulk soil and rice straw residues in the alluvial soils. Soil samples and rice straw residues in two crop rotation models including triple rice and rice-upland crops were collected for incubation under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Data were analyzed from Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis band patterns. The results showed that the composition and diversity of communities colonizing the rice straw residues differed from those inhabiting the bulk soil. The bacterial community composition and diversity were only moderately affected by rice straw residues in the bulk soil. Especially, this study indicated that the composition of the bacterial community associated with the bulk soil and rice straw residues was dynamic in two incubation conditions (aerobic or anaerobic) and the different crop rotation models. The findings of this study demonstrated that the bacterial diversity was not affected by the difference in continuous paddy rice cultivation compared to the upland crop rotation system.

Tran Van Dung

Nguyen Minh Dong

Nguyen Minh Phuong

Tat Anh Thu

Vu Van Long

Response of Bacterial Community Structure in the Bulk Soil and Rice Straw Residues under Different Crop Rotation Systems

不同轮作体系下土壤细菌群落结构及水稻秸秆残体的响应

Myrciaria dubia (Kunth) McVaugh (camu-camu) is a shrub native to the Amazon region that produces fruits with a high content of vitamin C and various bioactive compounds, making it a functional food with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties. However, it is unknown which microorganisms are associated with its root system and can influence its growth and productivity. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are associated with most plants and are essential for their establishment, survival, and productivity since they facilitate their nutrition, increase water absorption, and improve soil structure. Although the AMF association is already known in some species of Myrciaria, no report is available on its association in M. dubia. This study presents, for the first time, the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia from the INIA San Roque experimental station located in the Amazon region, Peru. For the morphological and molecular analyses of the AMF, samples of rhizospheric soil and roots from two native accessions of the National Germplasm Bank of M. dubia were collected. Eighteen AMF morphospecies were identified in rhizospheric soil, belonging to nine genera Acaulospora, Ambispora, Entrophospora, Diversispora, Gigaspora, Glomus, Paraglomus, Funneliformis, and Sclerocystis, being the first one the most frequent. The roots of M. dubia showed high colonization by AMF (mean = 91%), and characteristic structures of arbuscular mycorrhizae, such as vesicles, hyphae, and arbuscules, could be observed. Likewise, the molecular analysis detected the presence of genetic material (rDNA) corresponding to AMF in the roots of both accessions. Our results evidenced the symbiotic association between AMF and M. dubia, which encourages further investigation of the functional potential of these microorganisms in this economically crucial agricultural plant in Peru.

Alexandra Jherina Pineda-Lázaro

Adela Vallejos-Tapullima

Angel David Hernández-Amasifuen

Santos Carballar-Hernández

Sixto Imán-Correa

Fernando Marcelo Carvajal-Vallejos

Orlando Ríos-Ramírez

Mike Anderson Corazon-Guivin

Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi Associated with Myrciaria dubia in the Amazonia Region, Peru

亚马逊地区秘鲁的Myrciaria dubia相关丛枝菌根真菌

Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are an important nexus of biotechnology, agriculture, and research. GMOs have gained popularity because of their potential to address global food insecurity. However, the widespread adoption of GMOs has sparked debates and controversies. This study collected data on the threats and effects of the GMO ban and the status of implementation of Biosafety Act and Cartagena Protocol on biosafety in Kenya. A cross-sectional survey was used with 216 participants sampled purposively and 16 key informants interviewed in a qualitative survey with triangulation of data from a scoping literature review. Fifty-seven percent of the respondents indicated GMOs and genetically modified (GM) foods are a solution to food security in Africa. A majority believe that the introduction of GMO technology and the use of GM food is beneficial (52.3%). Fifty-five percent of the respondents indicated that GM foods are safe. Most respondents (&gt;90%) indicated that there is a low threat of GMO technology on the environment, human health, and animal health. The respondents (54.3%) agreed there is good adherence to the Cartagena Protocol. The correlation between awareness of the Cartagena Protocol on biosafety and views on whether there are adequate legal and regulatory frameworks was r = 0.4, indicating a weak but positive relationship between the two. Respondents who reported that the legal and regulatory frameworks were adequate were, therefore, likely (r = 0.4) to be aware of the Cartagena Protocol. There was a moderate positive correlation (r = 0.67) on views that GM food is a solution to food insecurity. Understandably, the relationship between GM food health concerns and GM food as safe was moderately negative (r = −0.4591). The findings are important in addressing gaps in the current GMO regulations and implementation aimed at increasing awareness of GMO technology as well as informing policy on biotechnology.

Kunyanga Nkirote Catherine

B. Roy Mugiira

N. Josephat Muchiri

Public Perception of Genetically Modified Organisms and the Implementation of Biosafety Measures in Kenya

肯尼亚公众对转基因生物的认知及生物安全措施的实施

Abbreviation	Adv. Agric.
Journal Impact	2.00
Quartiles(Global)	AGRONOMY(Q2)

ISSN	2314-7539, 2356-654X
h-index	22

Publication Information	Publisher: Hindawi，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2014，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:5.60%， Gold OA Rate: 98.84%
Journal Fees	$820Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：18 Weeks

Advances in Agriculture

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