APOS Trends in Orthodontics

A 14-year-10-month-old female patient presented with a chief complaint of being dissatisfied with the looks of her teeth and face. She had a pronounced misalignment of her dentition, defined by a Class III skeletal relationship and an average vertical proportion of the face. The patient had an anterior crossbite and bilateral posterior crossbites, with the upper left canine impacted in a buccal position. After a comprehensive consultation with the patient and her parents, we decided to implement a treatment strategy that entailed utilizing a maxillary bone borne expander in conjunction with a facemask. This treatment followed a protocol that consisted of alternating between rapidly expanding and contracting the maxilla. The purpose of this was to stimulate the advancement of the midface. After the treatment was carried out to treat the crossbites, a fixed appliance (MBT prescription) was bonded on the maxillary and mandibular arches. In addition, four premolars were extracted, and the upper left canine was brought to occlusion. Temporary anchorage devices were used in the lower arch to provide skeletal anchorage. The patient underwent active treatment for a period of 24 months following which we were able to achieve satisfactory occlusal and esthetic results.

Hasan Sabah Al-Nuaimi

Zamri Bin Radzi

Adith Venugopal

Treatment of severe skeletal Class III patient with buccally impacted canines and severe crowding using a bone-anchored facemask and Alt-RAMEC protocol: A case report

使用骨支抗面罩和Alt-RAMEC方案治疗伴有颊侧阻生尖牙和严重拥挤的严重骨性III类患者：一例病例报告

Objectives: The primary aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in measuring upper airway volume in orthodontics. The secondary aim was to compare the upper airway volumes between laypeople and military personnel (physically fit individuals). Material and Methods: This study included 36 male participants aged 21–29 years who had no upper airway pathology or history of upper airway surgery. CBCT scans had been previously obtained as part of routine dental checkups using a standardized protocol by the same operator. The digital imaging and communications in the medicine files of the subjects were imported into the 3D analysis software SimPlant ® 17 Pro (Materialize Dental, Leuven, Belgium) to facilitate the measurement of upper airway volume. The upper airway volume was divided into three sections and measured on days 0 and 14 by the same operator. The intrarater intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland-Altman plot were used to assess reliability. The upper airway volumes of the laypeople and military personnel were compared using Tukey’s pairwise test. Results: The variables demonstrated excellent reliability across all sections of the upper airway; the Superior part of the upper airway has an ICC of 0.993, the middle part of the upper airway has an ICC of 0.995, and the inferior part of the upper airway has an ICC of 0.989. The ICC for the entire upper airway was 0.987. The intrarater plot for superior airway measurement showed that 8 out of 8 measurements (100%) fell within the limits of agreement. Similarly, the intrarater plot for the middle airway measurements indicated that 8 out of 8 measurements (100%) fell within the limits of agreement. For inferior airway measurement, the intrarater plot revealed that 7 out of 8 measurements (87.5%) fell within the limits of agreement. No significant differences were found between the upper airway volumes of the laypeople and military personnel. Conclusion: Preliminary evidence suggests that CBCT using a standardized protocol is reliable for measuring upper airway volume. Separating the upper airway into three different parts also demonstrated high reliability and reproducibility among the raters. The ability to accurately measure the upper airway enhances the evaluation of the effects of orthodontic treatment by comparing the pre-and post-upper airway volume.

Ivan A. Halim

Mohammad Zeinalddin

Himawan Halim

Krisna Fery Rahmantya

Ani Melani Maskoen

Ganesha Wandawa

Endah Mardiati

Preliminary study: Evaluating the reliability of cone-beam computed tomography images for upper airway volume in orthodontics

初步研究：评估锥形束计算机断层扫描图像在正畸中用于上气道体积的可靠性

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the accuracy, dependability, and readability of websites providing information about orthognathic surgery. Material and Methods: A total of 300 websites encountered through Google, Yahoo, and Bing search engines using the search terms “orthognathic surgery” and “jaw surgery” were utilized. Websites containing duplicate advertisements, original articles, or course content with video links unrelated to the topic were excluded from the study. Ninety-three websites were included in the study. The included websites were assessed for reliability and quality using the DISCERN, Ensuring Quality Information for Patients (EQIP), and Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) tools. Readability was evaluated by determining the Flesch Reading Ease Score (FRES) and Flesch–Kincaid Grade Level (FKGL) scores. The data that did not show normal distribution were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test. Post hoc comparisons were conducted using the least significant difference and Mann– Whitney U-tests. A significance level of P &lt; 0.05 was accepted. Results: The mean DISCERN score was (38.47 ± 10.47), the EQIP score was (57.34 ± 10.73), and the JAMA score was (0.81 ± 0.99). The FRES was determined to be (43.89 ± 11.36), and the FKGL score was (12.06 ± 2.3). In the layperson group, the highest scores were found in the DISCERN (44.62 ± 9.73) and JAMA (1.85 ± 0.8) analyses compared to other groups. Conclusion: Website content on orthognathic surgery is generally of poor quality, and moderate reliability, with readability often being challenging for the average reader. There is a need for more user-friendly websites that offer comprehensive and easily digestible information to better serve orthognathic surgery patients.

Rüveyda Doğrugören

Kübra Gülnur Topsakal

Taner Öztürk

Assessment of the quality, reliability, and readability of the websites about orthognathic surgery

评估正颌手术相关网站的质量、可靠性和可读性

Objectives: Respiration and its function have a direct relationship with the pharyngeal airway, mandibular morphology, and tongue. The objective of this study was to evaluate and correlate pharyngeal airway space, mandibular morphology, and tongue volume in various skeletal classes and facial patterns. Material and Methods: A total of 120 pre-treatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were randomly classified into 3 skeletal classes (40/group). Each class was further categorized into hyperdivergent and hypodivergent growth patterns. Linear and angular measurements were estimated using three-dimensional digital imaging programs (Kavo 3D OnDemand software), and pharyngeal airway and tongue space were volumetrically analyzed by ITK-SNAP segmentation software. Results: All the measured variables showed highly significant differences except for the anterior-posterior angle of the mandible, which was statistically insignificant with P = 0.675. The simple regression was formulated to assess the volume of airway space. Conclusion: Hyperdivergent subjects had reduced pharyngeal airway space and tongue volume when compared to hypodivergent subjects. Among all the subgroups, Class III hypodivergent showed the highest pharyngeal airway volume and tongue volume, and the least was found in Class II hypodivergent. A direct relationship was estimated between airway mandibular morphology and tongue volume, recommending thorough analysis of oropharyngeal structures in a non-individualized way for orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planning.

Safiya Sana

Revati Patil

Priyanka Jain

Rony T. Kondody

Shashank Gaikwad

An evaluation and correlation of airway space of pharynx, mandibular morphology, and tongue volume in skeletal classes and facial patterns – A cone beam computed tomography study

咽腔、下颌骨形态及舌体积在骨骼类别和面型中的评估与相关性研究——基于锥形束CT的研究

This case report illustrates the successful use of clear aligner therapy (CAT) in the esthetic correction of a posterior crossbite and crowding in an adult patient. A 33-year-old male presented with a unilateral crossbite on the right side, extending from the first premolar to the second molar, alongside class III molar relationships and bilateral class I canine relationships. The patient exhibited normal overjet, shallow overbite, and mild crowding in both lower and upper dental arches. Traditional fixed appliances were declined in favor of clear aligners. Treatment objectives were focused on correcting the posterior crossbite and achieving an esthetically pleasing outcome with minimal adverse movements. The treatment required correcting malocclusion in all three planes of space - correcting a roll, pitch, and yaw defect by strategic attachment placement, auxiliaries, and careful staging of mesialization and distalization movements. The treatment was completed within 14.5 months, achieving the desired functional and esthetic results. This case demonstrates that clear aligners, when combined with targeted mechanics and staging, can effectively manage complex malocclusions such as posterior crossbite and occlusal cants within a similar timeframe to traditional braces, with a high degree of predictability and patient satisfaction.

Waddah Sabouni

Heba M. Al-Ibrahim

Roll, pitch, and yaw control using targeted mechanics in clear aligner therapy – A case report

使用目标力学在透明矫正器治疗中进行翻滚、俯仰和偏航控制——一个案例报告

Abbreviation	APOS
Journal Impact	0.42
Quartiles(Global)	DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE(Q4)

ISSN	2321-1407, 2321-4600
h-index	11

Publication Information	Publisher: Scientific Scholar LLC，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2013，Proportion of original research papers: 86.49%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 98.23%

APOS Trends in Orthodontics

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Treatment of severe skeletal Class III patient with buccally impacted canines and severe crowding using a bone-anchored facemask and Alt-RAMEC protocol: A case report

Preliminary study: Evaluating the reliability of cone-beam computed tomography images for upper airway volume in orthodontics

Assessment of the quality, reliability, and readability of the websites about orthognathic surgery

An evaluation and correlation of airway space of pharynx, mandibular morphology, and tongue volume in skeletal classes and facial patterns – A cone beam computed tomography study

Roll, pitch, and yaw control using targeted mechanics in clear aligner therapy – A case report

Treatment of severe skeletal Class III patient with buccally impacted canines and severe crowding using a bone-anchored facemask and Alt-RAMEC protocol: A case report

Preliminary study: Evaluating the reliability of cone-beam computed tomography images for upper airway volume in orthodontics

Assessment of the quality, reliability, and readability of the websites about orthognathic surgery

An evaluation and correlation of airway space of pharynx, mandibular morphology, and tongue volume in skeletal classes and facial patterns – A cone beam computed tomography study

Roll, pitch, and yaw control using targeted mechanics in clear aligner therapy – A case report