International Journal of Anatomy and Research

Address for Correspondence: Prof. Dr. Poonam Verma, Professor, Department of Anatomy, Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Vallah (Amritsar), India. Ph. No.: +918283816579 E-Mail: poonamabrol1@gmail.com Introduction: The fibularis tertius muscle has always enjoyed the distinction of being an exclusively human structure and as such it has helped to separate man from the lower animals. Myocutaneous flaps have been progressively used in surgical reconstruction in the lower limb injuries requiring the use of muscles which result in less functional damage as flaps. Aim: Our study is aimed to evaluate frequency, morphology, morphometry and use of the fibularis tertius muscle as flaps in lower limb injuries. Materials and Methods: Sixty lower limbs from formalin preserved cadavers (28 male and 2 female) were dissected and evaluated for the following parameters: origin of muscle, distal insertion, nerve supply, frequency, morphology, morphometry and any variation regarding this muscle. Results: The fibularis tertius muscle was detected in all the cases (60 limbs). Origin of all the cases were found at the interosseous membrane, anterior border of the fibula, and anterior intermuscular septum. Most distal insertions were found at the medial and dorsal sides of base of the 5th metatarsal bone (98.34%). Mean value of muscle belly length was 21 cm and width was 1.9 cm. The mean length of the distal tendon with no muscle fibers up to insertion was 6 cm, and the mean width was 0.5 cm. Conclusions: The fibulari stertius muscle is frequent and has a distinct morphology, making it a feasible option for use as graft. Knowledge of these variations may have useful clinical applications in cases of leg or foot trauma requiring tendoplasty or tendon transfer operations.

Poonam Verma

None Seema

ANALYSIS OF FIBULARIS TERTIUS IN TERMS OF FREQUENCY, MORPHOLOGY, MORPHOMETRYAND CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE IN NORTH INDIAN CADAVERS

北印度尸体中第三腓骨肌的频率、形态、形态计量学及临床意义分析

Objective: To facilitate better understanding of clinically important surgical concepts a 2-houranatomy review session in the dissection hall was conducted for the final year medical students during their surgery rotation. Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted on final year medical students during their surgery rotation. The study was administeredfor two consecutive academic years. For the study a 2-hour teaching session was jointly organized by the departments of surgery and anatomy in the dissection hall on selected topics. After the sessionfeedback was received via a survey questionnaire in both the years of study.In the second year of study in addition a pretest and posttest also were conducted to assess the learning of the students. Results: A total of 191 students responded to the feedback questionnaire. Responses to the feedback questionnaire showed that 76% of the students in the first year of study and 88% of students in the second year of the study strongly agreed that revisiting anatomy labs was helpful in understanding the surgical concepts. Majority of the students agreed that the topics covered in the session were adequate. Most of the students wanted more time to be allotted for the sessions and they also wanted a lecture before the session. The paired sample t test showed themean of total pretest was 6.7±1.76 and that of posttest was 6.63 ±2.61, showing slight improvement in the scores. Conclusion: Anatomy review sessions conducted for the final year medical students was found effective in improving learning of surgery. KEY WORDS: Anatomy, Surgery, Teaching, Review, Cadavers.

Smitha Elizabeth Kore

Nitin Vishwakarma

Satyanarayan Rao

John Muthusami

Effectiveness of Clinically Relevant Anatomy Review Sessions held during Surgery Rotations

外科轮转期间临床相关解剖复习课程的有效性

Foot morphology and morphometry knowledge is vital in several domains. 60% of the population has foot pain due to ill-fitting footwear. There is no standard device or parameters to evaluate the arches of the foot, and most of the research to assess the arches of the foot. Aim of the study: The study aimed to develop a hodoscope (foot scanner) device to evaluate the arches of the foot. The study's objective was to prepare custom–made footwear based on foot morphology. The study included 849 (405 males and 444 females) participants aged between 25 and 45. Podoscope was used to evaluate the arches of the foot. Based on the evaluation, 62 participants were provided with custom-made footwear based on the morphometry of the foot. The statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software. Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test was used to analyze the pain scale based on positive ranks, with a statistically significant p-value (&lt; 0.001). Results: 44.19% of men and 47.97% of women had a normal arch foot. 33.08% of men and 28.82% of women had a flat arch, and 22.71% of men and 23.19% of women had a high arch foot. The present study identified foot problems (forefoot, midfoot and hindfoot) using a self-designed podoscope and attempted to design custom–made footwear based on foot morphometry. The quality of the footwear was acceptable and cost-effective. Custom-made footwear based on foot morphology will benefit individuals with foot problems. KEYWORDS: Foot Morphology, Self-Designed Foot Scanner, Custom-Made Footwear, Podoscope.

None K. Vijayakumar

Pranali Pal

None T. Vijayasagar

An Analysis of Foot Morphology Using a Self-Designed Foot Scanner in Preparing Custom-Made Footwear: An Anatomical Approach

自设计足部扫描仪在定制鞋履准备中的足部形态分析：一种解剖学方法

Background: The cavernous sinus (CS) is a complex anatomical structure that poses significant challenges to neurosurgeons performing surgical interventions in this region. A comprehensive understanding of the anatomy of the CS, including its relevant landmarks and structures, is crucial for successful surgical outcomes. Objective: This review aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the anatomy of the CS, including relevant anatomical landmarks and structures, as well as surgical approaches for neurosurgeons. Methods: A literature search was conducted in electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, and Scopus, using the keywords "cavernous sinus," "neuroanatomy," and "neurosurgery." Inclusion criteria included all articles published in the English language. Two independent reviewers screened the titles and abstracts, and relevant data was extracted from the included articles and synthesized for narrative synthesis. Results: A thorough comprehension of the eleven triangles in the parasellar region, medial fossa, and paraclival region is imperative for neurosurgeons to navigate complex anatomical structures during surgical approaches to the CS. These structures' anatomical relationships and spatial organization were summarized, along with an overview of relevant surgical approaches. Conclusion: The anatomy of the CS is complex and requires a thorough comprehension of the relevant anatomical landmarks and structures and surgical approaches. Neurosurgeons must comprehensively understand the eleven triangles in the parasellar region, medial fossa, and paraclival region to navigate the complex anatomical structures during surgical interventions effectively. This knowledge can enhance surgical precision and reduce the risk of complications, ultimately improving patient outcomes. KEY WORDS: Microsurgical Anatomy, Cavernous Sinus, Neurosurgical, Surgical Interventions.

Juan Armando Mejía

Maximiliano Paez Nova

Luis Garcia Rairan

Microsurgical Anatomy of the Cavernous Sinus: A Neurosurgical Perspective

海绵窦显微外科解剖：神经外科视角

During abdominal surgery, the blood supply to the liver and other abdominal organs plays a vital role. The knowledge regarding hepatic artery variations is crucial for various surgical and radiological procedures concerning the liver and dutiful to be reported. We aim to report a case of variant origin of the right hepatic artery to contribute to the existing knowledge pool to improve surgical safety. The present case describes a variant hepatic vascularization encountered on 3D volume-rendered CT imaging of a 60-year-old male admitted to the hospital emergency for recurrent abdominal pain. The common hepatic artery was absent. The right hepatic artery was observed to arise from the superior mesenteric artery, while the left hepatic artery arose directly from the coeliac artery. Awareness of such abnormalities is critical to minimize morbidity and prevent operational complications in hepatic surgery or liver transplantation. KEY WORDS: hepatic artery, CT scan, variations, anatomy, superior mesenteric artery, liver.

Nikhil Aggarwal

Garima Sehgal

Kaweri Dande

Punita Manik

Missing common Hepatic Artery and variant Right Hepatic Artery - An incidental finding on CT imaging

肝总动脉缺如及变异型右肝动脉——CT影像中的偶然发现

Congenital vertebral talus (CVT) is a rare anatomical and orthopedic condition. However, managing the problem is a challenge, especially when neglected. In the current narrative review, we aim to highlight the pathologic anatomy and clinical correlation of this bony deformity with an emphasis on how to avoid neglecting its early diagnosis. CVT appears clinically as a rigid, by a rounded convex sole or called rocker-bottom foot deformity with a prominent heel. The main pathological cause of the deformity is due to the vertical position of the talus with rigid dorsal dislocation of the navicular bone as well as lateral and dorsal dislocation of the talonavicular joint. Its exact causes are still unknown; however, there is accumulating evidence of a genetic predisposition of CVT. In about half of cases, CVT is associated with other neuromuscular or genetic disorders. The CVT diagnosis depends on clinical and radiological findings. Radiological diagnosis may be missed in newborns because many tarsal bones remain unossified. Neglect of CVT can lead to significant disability and deformity with foot pain, abnormal gait, functional limitations, and problems wearing shoes, as well as difficulties in surgical treatment with more extensive tissue release. The type of surgery used to repair CVT deformity depends mainly on the age of the patient and the severity of the deformity, which gets worse with age. Screening for foot defects in newborns, especially those with rigid foot deformity or other congenital anomalies, is highly recommended to rule out the possibility of CVT and thus avoid its neglect and resulting difficulties. KEYWORDS: Rocker-Bottom Foot, Rigid Flatfoot, Convex Pes Valgus, Congenital Convex.

Mohammad Abdelmonem Hegazy

Hossam Mohammed Khairy

Abdelmonem Awad Hegazy

Mohamed Abd El Fattah Sebaei

Sami Ibrahim Sadek

Congenital Vertical Talus: A Review of Anatomy and Clinical Correlation

先天性垂直距骨：解剖与临床相关性的综述

Background: VEGF has been reported as an important factor promoting collateral formation in Ischemic Cardiac diseases. However, the complete mechanism and factors affecting VEGF expression during Acute myocardial infarction are not fully understood. The present study aims to correlate the effect of Diabetes Mellitus on VEGF expression in endothelial cells in various grades of Coronary artery stenosis. Materials and Methods: Selective coronary angiography of both right and left coronary arteries was done to know the grade of occlusion in autopsy samples with a history of sudden cardiac death.5cm slice, of coronary artery segments were taken at the level of the highest grade of stenosis. Decedents hearts were selected as the control and cases based on patients history and 3D image build after selective coronary Angiography (without any coronary occlusion). In control group segments were taken from the proximal part of both the Right and left coronary arteries for Analysis. A routine histo-technique was done to grade the stenosis in case study group on sections taken at the level of maximum occlusion. Immunohistochemical staining was done in all sections to know the VEGF expression of endothelial cells and infiltrated Monocyte. VEGF expression was then correlated based on the grades of stenosis, presence of cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes mellites and hypertension. Results: The Coronary artery with less than 90% stenosis showed no substantial VEGF expression. A statistical significance was found when the VEGF expression was correlated with the various grade of stenosis and the presence of cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes Mellitus. Conclusion: Considerable variation was shown in the Monocyte migration and expression of the VEGF in the endothelial cells of the coronary artery in Diabetic patients in higher grade of stenosis. Impaired monocyte migration might explain the reduced arteriogenic potential in diabetic patients when corelated with the control group. KEYWORDS: Coronary artery disease, Selective Coronary Angiography, VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor), Arteriogenesis, Angiogenesis, Diabetes mellitus.

Sheeja Balakrishnan

Senthil Kumar B

None P B Gujral

Jerry Joseph K

Effect of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor-A (VEGF-A) in various grades of Stenosis of Coronary Artery Segments: An Autopsy-based Study

2型糖尿病对冠状动脉不同狭窄程度节段血管内皮生长因子-A（VEGF-A）表达的影响：基于尸检的研究

The fusion of cervical vertebrae is seen in Klippel-Feil syndrome. We found a fused bone in which the C7 and T1 vertebrae are fused. Incomplete or forming foramen transversarium [FT] is seen on the transverse process of T1. Costal facets are seen on the body and transverse process of T1 along with an incomplete or forming foramen transversarium. The incomplete foramen were seen bilaterally and of similar size. Knowledge of this rare variation will guide the radiologists for diagnosis and spine surgeons to decide the course of the surgery. KEY WORDS: Klippel-Feil Syndrome, Incomplete foramen transversarium, Synostosis, Cervical vertebral fusion syndrome, Vertebral artery.

Patel Dinesh K

Shinde Amol A

Synostosis of C7 And T1 with Bilateral Incomplete Foramen Transversarium in T1 - A Case Report

C7与T1融合伴双侧T1横突孔不完全性缺如一例报告

Background: The most intricate outcome of biological evolution is the human nervous system. One of the earliest sulci to form on the cerebrum is the lateral sulcus, also known as Sylvian fissure (SF), of the cerebrum. The study was done to observe the morphometry, asymmetry, and variability of the Sylvian fissure (SF) and the sulci surrounding and inside the pars-opercularis (PO) and pars-traingularis (PT). Method: the present is cadaveric study and was undertaken in the Department of Anatomy at Government Medical College Srinagar. All the parameters of the lateral sulcus (sylvian fissure), which include measurements of its posterior ramus (PR), anterior ascending ramus (AAR), and anterior horizontal ramus (AHR) were taken with the help of thread. The thread was held in position on both sides with the forceps and the length of thread was measured with vernier caliper. Results: The present study was carried out on 20 formalin fixed adult human cadaveric brains. The sylvian fissure mean length on right was found to be 84.8mm and on left side 85.8mm. the mean length of AAR was found to be 25.96mm on the right side and 28.6mm on the left side, and the mean length of AHR was 29.16mm on the right side and 33.44mm on the left side. Conclusion: Both left and right Sylvian fissures had a significant association, and the left was found to be noticeably longer than the right. The frontal and parietal lobes are separated from the temporal lobe below by the SF, a major surgical gateway. KEY WORDS: Human brain, Sylvian fissure, Lateral sulcus, pars-traingularis, Vernier caliper.

Syed Mubashir Yousuf

Rukaiya jalal

Mohd saleem itoo

Gh. Mohammad Bhat

Morphometric Study of Asymmetry of the Interhemispheric Sylvian Fissure - A Cadaveric Study

半球间西尔维厄斯裂隙不对称性的形态学研究——一例尸体研究

Introduction: Elective courses are important in undergraduate medical education worldwide. Nevertheless, there hasn't been enough research done on the role that optional courses play, especially regarding the vertical integration of basic science courses like physiology with clinical courses. Thus, more investigation is required to assess the significance and advantages of elective courses in the physiology basic science department. The study aims to assess the perception of students for the conduct of integrative elective modules within the Department of Physiology. Methods: Final-year medical students participated in a 60-hour, ten-day module focused on respiratory rehabilitation. The module included interactive lectures, case-based discussions, and clinical discussions on patients with skills related to Lung anatomy, Chest X-rays, pulmonary function tests, flow volume loops, arterial blood gas analysis, and yogic breathing techniques. The feedback was provided for assessment and taken for the module. Results: The final grades for the pupils varied from 74% to 90%. Interest and motivation for elective, Perceived Clinical, teaching, patient care benefits, enhanced learning, teamwork, collaboration, revisiting curriculum, and teaching were the themes identified in the thematic analysis of the student's perceptions of the elective module. Conclusion: The study revealed improved clinical interpretation for chest X-rays, pulmonary function tests, and critical care, as well as a rise in pre-clinical and clinical departments' interest in working together to address respiratory system topics. Though it will be too soon to determine the optional program's end conclusion, it is still a smart idea to move forward with. KEYWORDS: Medical Education, Undergraduate Students, Elective Courses, Vertical Integration, Physiology Education.

Dulloo Puja

Patel Minal

Vedi Neeraj

Panchal Ami

Chhajwani Sunil

Khara Nimit V

Evaluating the Impact of Basic Science Elective Modules: Medical Students' Perspective

评估基础科学选修模块的影响：医学生的视角

出版信息	出版商: IMED Research Publications，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2019，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:

International Journal of Anatomy and Research

期刊引文格式

有 1 位以上作者的期刊

有 2 位作者的期刊

有 3 位作者的期刊

有 5 位以上作者的期刊

书籍引用格式

学位论文引用格式

网页引用格式

专利引用格式

手工熬夜修改参考文献？研飞自动匹配期刊，一键轻松成稿，支持 Word/WPS

投稿经验分享