病毒学年度回顾交流了我们对动物、植物、细菌、古细菌、真菌和原生动物病毒的理解方面的令人兴奋的进展。评论突出了基础病毒学、病毒疾病机制、病毒与宿主相互作用以及对病毒感染的细胞和免疫反应的新思想和新方向，并巩固了病毒作为细胞功能独特有力探针的地位。病毒学年度评论于2016 年发布影响因子为 3.345 的期刊引文报告 (JCR)。

The Annual Review of Virology is an annual journal that communicates exciting advancements in our understanding of viruses affecting animals, plants, bacteria, archaea, fungi, and protozoa. The reviews highlight foundational virology, mechanisms of viral diseases, interactions between viruses and hosts, and new ideas and directions regarding cellular and immune responses to viral infections, reinforcing the status of viruses as unique and powerful probes of cellular function. This journal was first published in 2016 and has an impact factor of 3.345 according to the Journal Citation Reports (JCR).

《Annual Review of Virology》是一本年度期刊，交流了我们对动物、植物、细菌、古细菌、真菌和原生动物病毒理解方面的最新进展。期刊评论了基础病毒学、病毒疾病机制、病毒与宿主相互作用，以及对病毒感染的细胞和免疫反应的新思想和新方向，巩固了病毒作为细胞功能独特而有力的探针的地位。该期刊于2016年发布，影响因子为3.345（期刊引文报告，JCR）。

Annual Review of Virology

In the absence of an intact interferon (IFN) response, mammals may be susceptible to lethal viral infection. IFNs are secreted cytokines that activate a signal transduction cascade leading to the induction of hundreds of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Remarkably, approximately 10% of the genes in the human genome have the potential to be regulated by IFNs. What do all of these genes do? It is a complex question without a simple answer. From decades of research, we know that many of the protein products encoded by these ISGs work alone or in concert to achieve one or more cellular outcomes, including antiviral defense, antiproliferative activities, and stimulation of adaptive immunity. The focus of this review is the antiviral activities of the IFN/ISG system. This includes general paradigms of ISG function, supported by specific examples in the literature, as well as methodologies to identify and characterize ISG function.

John W. Schoggins

Annu. Rev. Virol.

Interferon-Stimulated Genes: What Do They All Do?

干扰素刺激基因：它们都有什么作用？

The cultural impact of rabies, the fatal neurological disease caused by infection with rabies virus, registers throughout recorded history. Although rabies has been the subject of large-scale public health interventions, chiefly through vaccination efforts, the disease continues to take the lives of about 40,000–70,000 people per year, roughly 40% of whom are children. Most of these deaths occur in resource-poor countries, where lack of infrastructure prevents timely reporting and postexposure prophylaxis and the ubiquity of domestic and wild animal hosts makes eradication unlikely. Moreover, although the disease is rarer than other human infections such as influenza, the prognosis following a bite from a rabid animal is poor: There is currently no effective treatment that will save the life of a symptomatic rabies patient. This review focuses on the major unanswered research questions related to rabies virus pathogenesis, especially those connecting the disease progression of rabies with the complex dysfunction caused by the virus in infected cells. The recent applications of cutting-edge research strategies to this question are described in detail.

Benjamin M. Davis

Glenn F. Rall

Matthias J. Schnell

Everything You Always Wanted to Know About Rabies Virus (But Were Afraid to Ask)

关于狂犬病病毒你想知道的一切（但不敢问的）

Actinobacteriophages are viruses that infect bacterial hosts in the phylum Actinobacteria. More than 17,000 actinobacteriophages have been described and over 3,000 complete genome sequences reported, resulting from large-scale, high-impact, integrated research-education initiatives such as the Science Education Alliance Phage Hunters Advancing Genomics and Evolutionary Sciences (SEA-PHAGES) program. Their genomic diversity is enormous; actinobacteriophages comprise many architecturally mosaic genomes with distinct DNA sequences. Their genome diversity is driven by the highly dynamic interactions between phages and their hosts, and prophages can confer a variety of systems that defend against attack by genetically distinct phages; phages can neutralize these defense systems by coding for counter-defense proteins. These phages not only provide insights into diverse and dynamic phage populations but also have provided numerous tools for mycobacterial genetics. A case study using a three-phage cocktail to treat a patient with a drug-resistant Mycobacterium abscessus suggests that phages may have considerable potential for the therapeutic treatment of mycobacterial infections.

Graham F. Hatfull

Actinobacteriophages: Genomics, Dynamics, and Applications

放线菌噬菌体：基因组学、动态变化及应用

Subcellular organization is essential for life. Cells organize their functions into organelles to concentrate their machinery and supplies for optimal efficiency. Likewise, viruses organize their replication machinery into compartments or factories within their host cells for optimal replicative efficiency. In this review, we discuss how DNA viruses that infect both eukaryotic cells and bacteria assemble replication compartments for synthesis of progeny viral DNA and transcription of the viral genome. Eukaryotic DNA viruses assemble replication compartments in the nucleus of the host cell while DNA bacteriophages assemble compartments called phage nuclei in the bacterial cytoplasm. Thus, DNA viruses infecting host cells from different domains of life share common replication strategies.

David M. Knipe

Amy Prichard

Surendra Sharma

Joe Pogliano

Replication Compartments of Eukaryotic and Bacterial DNA Viruses: Common Themes Between Different Domains of Host Cells

真核和细菌DNA病毒的复制区间：宿主细胞不同领域之间的共同主题

The seasonal cycle of respiratory viral diseases has been widely recognized for thousands of years, as annual epidemics of the common cold and influenza disease hit the human population like clockwork in the winter season in temperate regions. Moreover, ...Read More

Lynn Enquist

The Times They Are a-Changing

时代在变迁

Of the thousands of viruses infecting humans, only seven cause cancer in the general population. Tumor sequencing is now a common cancer medicine procedure, and so it seems likely that more human cancer viruses already would have been found if they exist. Here, we review cancer characteristics that can inform a dedicated search for new cancer viruses, focusing on Kaposi sarcoma herpesvirus and Merkel cell polyomavirus as the most recent examples of successful genomic and transcriptomic searches. We emphasize the importance of epidemiology in determining which cancers to examine and describe approaches to virus discovery. Barriers to virus discovery, such as novel genomes and viral suppression of messenger RNA expression, may exist that prevent virus discovery using existing approaches. Optimally virus hunting should be performed in such a way that if no virus is found, the tumor can be reasonably excluded from having an infectious etiology and new information about the biology of the tumor can be found.

Patrick S. Moore

Yuan Chang

Are There More Human Cancer Viruses Left to Be Found?

是否还有更多人类癌症病毒有待发现？

Biomolecular condensates are nonmembrane-bound assemblies of biological polymers such as protein and nucleic acids. An increasingly accepted paradigm across the viral tree of life is (a) that viruses form biomolecular condensates and (b) that the formation is required for the virus. Condensates can promote viral replication by promoting packaging, genome compaction, membrane bending, and co-opting of host translation. This review is primarily concerned with exploring methodologies for assessing virally encoded biomolecular condensates. The goal of this review is to provide an experimental framework for virologists to consider when designing experiments to (a) identify viral condensates and their components, (b) reconstitute condensation cell free from minimal components, (c) ask questions about what conditions lead to condensation, (d) map these questions back to the viral life cycle, and (e) design and test inhibitors/modulators of condensation as potential therapeutics. This experimental framework attempts to integrate virology, cell biology, and biochemistry approaches.

Christine A. Roden

Amy S. Gladfelter

Experimental Considerations for the Evaluation of Viral Biomolecular Condensates

病毒生物分子凝聚物评估的实验考虑

Terence S. Dermody

Julie K. Pfeiffer

Introduction

引言

Xenotropic murine leukemia virus (MLV)-related virus (XMRV) was first described in 2006 in some human prostate cancers. But it drew little attention until 2009, when it was also found, as infectious virus and as MLV-related DNA, in samples from people suffering from myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). This discovery was rapidly followed by efforts of the international research community to understand the significance of the association and its potential to spread widely as an important human pathogen. Within a few years, efforts by researchers worldwide failed to repeat these findings, and mounting evidence for laboratory contamination with mouse-derived virus and viral DNA sequences became accepted as the explanation for the initial findings. As researchers engaged in these studies, we present here a historical review of the rise and fall of XMRV as a human pathogen, and we discuss the lessons learned from these events.

John M. Coffin

Mary F. Kearney

False Alarm: XMRV, Cancer, and Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

误报：XMRV、癌症与慢性疲劳综合症

The nucleoplasm, the cytosol, the inside of virions, and again the cytosol comprise the world in which the capsids of alphaherpesviruses encounter viral and host proteins that support or limit them in performing their tasks. Here, we review the fascinating conundrum of how specific protein-protein interactions late in alphaherpesvirus infection orchestrate capsid nuclear assembly, nuclear egress, and cytoplasmic envelopment, but target incoming capsids to the nuclear pores in naive cells to inject the viral genomes into the nucleoplasm for viral transcription and replication. Multiple capsid interactions with viral and host proteins have been characterized using viral mutants and assays that reconstitute key stages of the infection cycle. Keratinocytes, fibroblasts, mucosal epithelial cells, neurons, and immune cells employ cell type–specific intrinsic and cytokine-induced resistance mechanisms to restrict several stages of the viral infection cycle. However, concomitantly, alphaherpesviruses have evolved countermeasures to ensure efficient capsid function during infection.

短名	Annu. Rev. Virol.
Journal Impact	8.00
国际分区	VIROLOGY(Q1)
期刊索引	SCI Q1中科院 1 区

ISSN	2327-056X, 2327-0578
h-index	67
国内分区	医学(1区)医学病毒学(1区)

涉及主题	生物遗传学医学病毒学免疫学化学生物化学病毒基因内科学基因组细胞培养病理计算生物学细胞生物学病毒复制进化生物学核糖核酸生态学
出版信息	出版商: Annual Reviews Inc.，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2014，原创研究文献占比: 100.00%，自引率:0.00%， Gold OA占比: 89.19%

Annual Review of Virology

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