Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases is a peer-reviewed multi-disciplinary medical publication, scheduled to appear quarterly serving as a means for scientific information exchange in the international medical forum. The journal particularly welcomes contributions relevant to the Middle-East region and publishes biomedical experiences and clinical investigations on prevalent infectious diseases in the region as well as analysis of factors that may modulate the incidence, course, and management of infectious diseases and pertinent medical problems in the Middle East.

Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases is a peer-reviewed multi-disciplinary medical journal, scheduled to be published quarterly, serving as a platform for scientific information exchange in the international medical forum. The journal particularly welcomes contributions relevant to the Middle East region, publishing biomedical experiences and clinical investigations on prevalent infectious diseases in the area, as well as analyses of factors that may influence the incidence, course, and management of infectious diseases and related medical issues in the Middle East.

《Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases》是一本经过同行评审的多学科医学期刊，计划每季度出版，旨在为国际医学论坛提供科学信息交流的平台。该期刊特别欢迎与中东地区相关的贡献，发表关于该地区流行传染病的生物医学经验和临床研究，以及对可能影响传染病发生、发展和管理的因素的分析，以及相关的医学问题。

Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases

Background: Candidiasis, primarily caused by Candida albicans (C. albicans), is the most common fungal and opportunistic infection of the oral cavity. Streptococcussanguinis (S. sanguinis) also plays a significant role in infectious endocarditis and various dental diseases. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of chlorhexidine (CHX) and fluorine total (FT) mouthwashes on C.albicans and S.sanguinis. Methods: In this laboratory-based experimental study, 40 samples were analyzed. A 0.5 McFarland standard concentration of S.sanguinis (1.5 × 108 CFU/mL) and a 0.5 McFarland standard concentration of C. albicans (0.5 × 106 CFU/mL) were cultured using the spread method on 18 blood agar plates and 18 Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) plates, respectively. The inhibition zones were measured and compared between CHX and FT treatments. The inclusion criteria specified samples from individuals aged 18 - 65, with exclusions for those who had taken antibiotics within the past month. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25, with statistical significance determined by t-tests. Results: The mean inhibition zone for C. albicans was 2.41 ± 0.17 mm with CHX and 1.47 ± 0.08 mm with FT. For S. sanguinis, the inhibition zone was 17.96 ± 0.11 mm with CHX and 12.13 ± 0.18 mm with FT. Chlorhexidine showed significantly greater inhibitory effects than FT (P &lt; 0.001). Conclusions: Chlorhexidine demonstrated superior efficacy over FT against both microorganisms, indicating that CHX may be more effective for therapeutic use in controlling C. albicans and S. sanguinis infections.

Kasra Ghafari

Reyhaneh Shoorgashti

Simin Lesan

Maryam Rezaei

Taraneh Farrokhnia

Comparative Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Fluorine Total Mouthwashes Against Candida albicans and Streptococcus sanguinis

氯己定和氟化物全口漱口水对白色念珠菌和血链球菌的比较疗效

Background: Mucormycosis is a rare and invasive fungal infection with high mortality. Early diagnosis and prompt initiation of appropriate treatment reduce mortality in mucormycosis cases. Objectives: This study examined the clinical symptoms and outcomes of hospitalized mucormycosis patients in two northeastern Iranian referral centers. Methods: This 7-year retrospective study reviewed mucormycosis patients hospitalized in the Imam Reza and Ghaem Hospitals of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, which serve as educational, medical, and therapeutic referral centers. Inclusion criteria included positive pathology or mycology results, complete patient files, and clarity of patient outcomes. Demographics, underlying diseases, clinical symptoms, treatments, and outcomes were analyzed. Hospitalized mucormycosis patients' pathology information, files, and graphs were utilized to complete the checklist, and data were entered into SPSS v26. Results: The study included 97 patients, with 57 confirmed cases (58.76%). The disease was more common in men (31 cases; 54.4%), and the patients had an average age of 40.82 ± 19.45 years. Regarding seasonality, autumn showed a higher number of cases (28.1%). Malignancy (34 cases; 59.6%) was the most common underlying disease, followed by diabetes (20 cases; 35.1%). The most common symptoms among patients were fever (34 cases; 59.6%), facial swelling (28 cases; 49.1%), and nasal secretions (28 cases; 49.1%). Imaging revealed that the maxillary sinus was involved in almost all patients (55 cases; 96.5%). All confirmed patients underwent surgery as part of their treatment. The most common surgical procedure was ethmoidectomy (29 cases; 50.9%), followed by maxillectomy (19 cases; 33.3%) and sphenoidectomy (19 cases; 33.3%). All patients received amphotericin B, with the majority receiving the common novel Amphotericin B Deoxycholate (48 cases; 84.2%). The mortality rate in confirmed cases was 35%, with a significantly higher rate in ICU patients (P &lt; 0.001). All patients who were undergoing dialysis and had an invasive fungal infection experienced mortality (3 cases; 100%). Extended drug treatment was associated with improved survival rates (OR = 0.920; (0.962 - 0.880) 95% CI; P &gt; 0.001). Conclusions: The prognosis of mucormycosis has improved in the treatment centers studied due to early diagnosis, frequent surgical interventions, and increased availability of antifungal medications. Prioritizing mycological analysis and drug resistance research is crucial and should receive significant attention in future studies.

Mahnaz Arian

Sarina Aeen

Amin Bojdi

Mehdi Jabbari Nooghabi

Ali Tajik

Marzieh Baghoveh

Mehdi Bakhshaee

Salman Banifazl

Arash Ziaee

Hossein Alavi

Moein Mohebbi Nobandegani

Improving the Outcome of Patients Diagnosed with Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis in the Last Two Decades: 97 Patients in Two Referral Centers in the Northeast of Iran

过去二十年中改善伊朗东北部两家转诊中心确诊的鼻-眼眶-脑毛霉菌病患者预后的研究：97例患者分析

Background: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is the most prevalent type of bacterial resistance. Consequently, it is crucial to develop novel treatments to address bacterial resistance. Objectives: Dendrocin-ZM1 (DZM1) and vancomycin are two compounds whose effects on MRSA are examined in this study. Methods: The synergistic bactericidal effect of the peptide-conventional antibiotic combinations was evaluated using the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays, and checkerboard method. Additionally, the time-killing kinetics of DZM1 alone and in combination with vancomycin on MRSA ATCC 43300 strain were assessed. Structural alterations and morphological changes of the MRSA ATCC 43300 strain exposed to DZM1 (1/16 MBC) and vancomycin (1/8 MBC), alone or in combination (1/16 MBC DZM1 + 1/8 MBC vancomycin), were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. Results: Dendrocin-ZM1 exhibited antimicrobial activity against MRSA clinical isolates and MRSA ATCC 43300 (MIC and MBC: 16 µg/mL). A synergistic effect was observed when DZM1 was combined with vancomycin (FIC: 0.187) against MRSA ATCC 43300. The combination of DZM1 with vancomycin at sub-MBC concentrations demonstrated sustained bactericidal activity against MRSA ATCC 43300 strain. According to SEM results, DZM1 increased bacterial cell membrane permeability, enhancing the antibacterial activity of vancomycin. Transmission electron microscopy analysis revealed severe membrane damage and subsequent cell lysis in the MRSA ATCC 43300 strain when treated with the combination of DZM1 and vancomycin. Conclusions: This study supports the potential use of these compounds to reduce reliance on conventional antibiotics and highlights their promise as alternatives for combating bacterial resistance.

Sima Sadat Seyedjavadi

Zahra Salehi

Chakameh Amini

Anis Mohammadi

Parmida Bagheri

Mehdi Goudarzi

Synergistic Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrocin‑ZM1 Combined with Conventional Antibiotics Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

抗菌肽Dendrocin‑ZM1与常规抗生素联合对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的协同作用

Background: The emergence of colistin resistance is a global issue that threatens the effectiveness of colistin treatment against multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Objectives: The present study reports on the prevalence of colistin resistance and mcr-encoding genes in Acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients referred to Shahid Rahimi Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran, from January to August 2019. Methods: A total of 47 non-duplicate A. baumannii isolates were obtained from clinical specimens of patients. Colistin susceptibility of the isolates was assessed using the broth microdilution method, and the presence of mcr-encoding genes was determined through the use of PCR. Results: Out of the total 47 isolates belonging to A. baumannii, 14 isolates (29.8%) were resistant to colistin. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin ranged from 2 to 256 μg/mL, and the MIC50 and MIC90 values for colistin were 0.25 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL, respectively. The presence of mcr-1 and mcr-2 was detected in 6 (12.7%) and 2 (4%) isolates, respectively. However, no isolates harbored the mcr-3 gene. Except for one isolate, none of the mcr-positive isolates exhibited phenotypic resistance to colistin. Conclusions: The higher phenotypic prevalence of colistin resistance compared to genotypic characterization, along with the discrepancy with the presence of mcr genes, suggests the need to monitor and consider all molecular mechanisms of colistin resistance as a last-resort treatment option.

Mehrzad Sadredinamin

Neda Yousefi Nojookambari

Iman Pouladi

Faranak Rezaei

Somayeh Delfani

Prevalence of Mobile Colistin Resistance (&lt;i&gt;mcr&lt;/i&gt;) Genes in &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter baumannii&lt;/i&gt;: Isolates of Clinical Infection from an Iranian University Hospital

伊朗某大学医院临床感染分离的鲍曼不动杆菌中移动粘菌素耐药（<i>mcr</i>）基因的流行情况

Background: It is well-known that disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) may reduce the immune response to COVID-19 vaccines. Objectives: The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of the Sinopharm/BBIBP-CorV vaccine in Iranian PwMS treated with different DMTs. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted between January 2021 and January 2022 at the MS clinics of Imam Hossein and Qaem Hospitals in Tehran and Mashhad, Iran. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, PwMS received two doses of the Sinopharm vaccine at an interval of 28 days. The humoral response to the vaccine was evaluated by measuring the IgG receptor-binding domain (RBD-IgG) against SARS-CoV-2 on three occasions: before vaccination, 28 days after the first dose, and 28 days after the second dose. Results: Of the 208 patients, 117 were eligible for analysis. The Sinopharm vaccine was generally safe among Iranian PwMS. The IgG antibody titer against the SARS-CoV-2 strain was significantly associated with the DMT class. Patients treated with fingolimod and rituximab developed the lowest humoral response to the Sinopharm vaccine (21.1% and 38.4%, respectively). Conclusions: The present study revealed that PwMS treated with fingolimod and rituximab are likely to have a suboptimal humoral response to the Sinopharm vaccine. This finding may help neurologists make informed decisions about DMT selection during the pandemic.

Mehran Ghaffari

Nahid Beladi Moghadam

Sepideh Paybast

Seyed Hossein Aghamiri

Mehrdad Haghighi

Abdolreza Javadi

Houshang Rafatpanah

Saba Sadeghi Rashed

Mohammad Ali Nahayati

The Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies of Multiple Sclerosis on the Effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 Vaccine

疾病修饰疗法对多发性硬化症患者接种BBIBP-CorV新冠疫苗效果的影响

Background: Klebsiella pneumoniae is a formidable nosocomial pathogen increasingly known for its antibiotic resistance, posing a significant global health challenge. The emergence of carbapenem-resistant strains has necessitated the exploration of alternative therapeutic strategies. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the synergistic effects of combining nisin with colistin against K. pneumoniae isolates and to determine whether this combination enhances antibacterial efficacy compared to colistin alone. Methods: Ten K. pneumoniae isolates were collected from hospitalized patients in Iran. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was conducted using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assays were performed to determine the MICs of nisin and colistin. Synergistic activity testing, biofilm formation assays, and time-kill assays were also carried out to assess the effectiveness of the nisin-colistin combination. Results: The study demonstrated that the nisin-colistin combination exhibited a synergistic effect, significantly reducing colony counts over 24 hours for select isolates. However, the combination did not show statistically significant superiority in antibiofilm activity compared to colistin alone. The time-kill assay confirmed the synergistic effect, showing a notable reduction in colony counts within 24 hours. These findings underscored the complexities of biofilm structures and their resistance mechanisms, highlighting the necessity for further research to optimize treatment outcomes. Conclusions: This study provides a novel perspective on addressing antibiotic resistance in K. pneumoniae by evaluating the synergistic potential of the nisin-colistin combination. The findings contribute to the development of innovative therapeutic approaches to manage infections caused by this challenging pathogen.

Hossein Ghahramanpour

Ali Hashemi

Zohreh Ghalavand

Zohreh Riahi Rad

Bahareh Hajikhani

Exploring the Potential Effects of Nisin and Colistin Combinations Against Drug-Resistant &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae &lt;/i&gt;Isolates

探索乳酸链球菌素和粘菌素组合对耐药性<i>肺炎克雷伯菌</i>分离株的潜在影响

Abbreviation	Arch. Clin. Infect. Dis.
Journal Impact	0.39
Quartiles(Global)	INFECTIOUS DISEASES(Q4)

ISSN	2345-2641
h-index	22

Publication Information	Publisher: Brieflands，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2012，Proportion of original research papers: 91.89%，Self Citation Rate:20.00%， Gold OA Rate: 96.00%

Archives of Clinical Infectious Diseases

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Comparative Efficacy of Chlorhexidine and Fluorine Total Mouthwashes Against Candida albicans and Streptococcus sanguinis

Improving the Outcome of Patients Diagnosed with Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis in the Last Two Decades: 97 Patients in Two Referral Centers in the Northeast of Iran

Synergistic Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrocin‑ZM1 Combined with Conventional Antibiotics Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Prevalence of Mobile Colistin Resistance (<i>mcr</i>) Genes in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>: Isolates of Clinical Infection from an Iranian University Hospital

The Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies of Multiple Sclerosis on the Effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 Vaccine

Exploring the Potential Effects of Nisin and Colistin Combinations Against Drug-Resistant <i>Klebsiella pneumoniae </i>Isolates

The Impact of Disease-Modifying Therapies of Multiple Sclerosis on the Effectiveness of the BBIBP-CorV COVID-19 Vaccine

Prevalence of Mobile Colistin Resistance (<i>mcr</i>) Genes in <i>Acinetobacter baumannii</i>: Isolates of Clinical Infection from an Iranian University Hospital

Improving the Outcome of Patients Diagnosed with Rhino-orbito-cerebral Mucormycosis in the Last Two Decades: 97 Patients in Two Referral Centers in the Northeast of Iran

Synergistic Effects of Antimicrobial Peptide Dendrocin‑ZM1 Combined with Conventional Antibiotics Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus