Agri Gene publishes papers that focus on the regulation, expression, function and evolution of genes in crop plants, farm animals, and agriculturally important insects and microorganisms.    Agri Gene strives to be a diverse journal and topics in multiple fields will be considered for publication so long as their main focus is on agriculturally important organisms (plants, animals, insects, or microorganisms). Although not limited to the following, some examples of potential topics include:    Gene discovery and characterization.  Genetic markers to guide traditional breeding.  Genetic effects of transposable elements.  Evolutionary genetics, molecular evolution, population genetics, and phylogenetics.  Profiling of gene expression and genetic variation.  Biotechnology and crop or livestock improvement.  Genetic improvement of biological control microorganisms.  Genetic control of secondary metabolic pathways and metabolic enzymes of crop pathogens.  Transcription analysis of beneficial or pest insect developmental stages  Agri Gene encourages submission of novel manuscripts that present a reasonable level of analysis, functional relevance and/or mechanistic insight. Agri Gene also welcomes papers that have predominantly a descriptive component but improve the essential basis of knowledge for subsequent functional studies, or which provide important confirmation of recently published discoveries provided that the information is new.

Agri Gene is a journal that publishes research focused on the regulation, expression, function, and evolution of genes in crop plants, farm animals, and agriculturally important insects and microorganisms. We strive to be a diverse journal, considering submissions from multiple fields as long as they primarily focus on agriculturally important organisms (plants, animals, insects, or microorganisms). Potential topics include, but are not limited to: gene discovery and characterization; genetic markers for guiding traditional breeding; genetic effects of transposable elements; evolutionary genetics, molecular evolution, population genetics, and phylogenetics; profiling of gene expression and genetic variation; biotechnology and improvement of crops or livestock; genetic enhancement of biological control microorganisms; genetic control of secondary metabolic pathways and metabolic enzymes of crop pathogens; and transcription analysis of developmental stages of beneficial or pest insects. Agri Gene encourages the submission of novel manuscripts that present a reasonable level of analysis, functional relevance, and/or mechanistic insight. We also welcome papers that are predominantly descriptive but enhance the essential knowledge base for subsequent functional studies or provide important confirmation of recently published discoveries, provided that the information is new.

《Agri Gene》期刊专注于作物植物、农场动物以及对农业重要的昆虫和微生物中基因的调控、表达、功能和进化等方面的研究。我们致力于成为一个多元化的期刊，欢迎多个领域的主题投稿，只要其主要关注的是农业重要生物（植物、动物、昆虫或微生物）。潜在的研究主题包括但不限于：基因发现与特征分析；指导传统育种的遗传标记；可转座元件的遗传效应；进化遗传学、分子进化、群体遗传学和系统发育学；基因表达和遗传变异的分析；生物技术与作物或牲畜改良；生物防治微生物的遗传改良；作物病原体的次生代谢途径和代谢酶的遗传控制；有益或害虫发育阶段的转录分析。《Agri Gene》鼓励提交具有合理分析水平、功能相关性和/或机制洞察的新颖手稿。我们也欢迎那些主要以描述性内容为主的论文，只要它们能为后续的功能研究提供重要的知识基础，或者提供对最近发表发现的重要确认，只要这些信息是新的。

Agri Gene

Striga hermonthica is a parasitic plant that attacks mostly cereal crops for its growth and development. S. hermonthica parasitism affects two thirds of the arable land and over 100 milion people. It is also well known as a folk medicine due to presence of flavonoids, terpenes, saponins, cardiac glycosides, alkaloids, tannins and coumarins miRNAs are important gene regulatory elements involved in almost all biological processes during different biotic and abiotic stresses in plants. Mobile small RNA are reported to move bidrection between parasitic plant and host plants. The study was to investigate the miRNA of S. hermonthica and miRNA mediated regulation of host plant Oryza sativa genes. In-silico identification of miRNAs revealed 13 conserved miRNA families (miR1846c-3p, miR1848, miR1851, miR1857-5p, miR2102-3p, miR2864.1, miR417, miR437, miR444e, miR529a, miR810b.2, miR156e, miR5564b). Approximately, 185 genes playing diverse roles have been predicted as targets for the identified 12 miRNA families (miR1848, miR1851, miR1857-5p, miR2102-3p, miR2864.1, miR417, miR437, miR444e, miR529a, miR810b.2, miR156e, miR5564b). Manipulation in miRNAs or their targets may be utilized for developing better crop protection strategies.

Swati Srivastava

Ashok Sharma

Study of microRNA mediated gene regulation in Striga hermonthica through in-silico approach

通过计算机方法研究独脚金内酯介导的基因调控

Previous work examining the transcriptome of steer tissue samples from animals with divergent gain have shown a relationship with the expression of genes with functions in immune and inflammatory pathways. The process of mounting an immune or inflammatory response is energetically expensive and variation in cytokine responses may affect cattle production traits. In addition, a previous study has identified variation in the transcript abundance of numerous genes, including the cytokine gene IL6ST, in the circulating white blood cells of pigs associated with high and low residual feed intake (RFI) lines. The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in cytokine expression in the circulating white blood cells (WBC) could also be associated with body weight gain in beef steers. Crossbred steers (n = 12) with average feed intake (10.9 kg/d), but divergent body weight gain (Low = 1.92 kg/d; High = 2.25 kg/d), were selected for the study. The genes CCR3, IL9R, PF4, NAMPT and TNF were associated with gain (P ≤ 0.05); and CSF1, IL2RG, IL6ST, CCL3, and TNFSF13B displayed a trend towards association with gain (P < 0.1). The expression of cytokine genes in circulating WBCs may be useful indicators of production traits in cattle.

Amanda K. Lindholm-Perry

Virginia M. Artegoitia

Jeremy R. Miles

Andrew P. Foote

Expression of cytokine genes and receptors in white blood cells associated with divergent body weight gain in beef steers

与肉牛体重增加差异相关的白细胞中细胞因子基因和受体的表达

The sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) genome contains a number of putative serpins (serine protease inhibitors) that are expressed under varying conditions, but little is known about their biological function. One of the sorghum serpin genes encodes a protein that contains reactive center residues Leu-Arg-X (X = small residue), called a LR serpin. Similar plant-derived LR serpin proteins can inactivate mammalian trypsins and have activity against insect trypsins. In this study the sorghum LR serpin, and two non-LR sorghum serpins, which were expressed in Escherichia coli and purified using immobilized metal-affinity chromatography, were shown to inhibit in vitro trypsin activity from larval midgut extract of corn earworm (Helicoverpa zea) and fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda). Each serpin was added individually to sorghum leaf insect diet that was fed to corn earworm and fall armyworm larvae. Statistically significant reductions (30–53%) in the mean weight of corn earworm larvae, but not for fall armyworm larvae, were found in the larvae feeding on diet containing each of the serpins compared to the mean weight of those feeding on control diet. These studies suggest that the sorghum serpin genes could be utilized for corn earworm larvae resistance in sorghum breeding but fall armyworm larvae have compensatory mechanisms to counter the tested sorghum serpins.

Eric T. Johnson

Christopher D. Skory

Todd A. Naumann

Mohamad A. Jairajpuri

Patrick F. Dowd

Three sorghum serpin recombinant proteins inhibit midgut trypsin activity and growth of corn earworm

三种高粱丝氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂重组蛋白抑制中肠胰蛋白酶活性及玉米穗虫生长

In the present study, selected indica rice accessions (basmati, non-basmati fragrant, and non-fragrant) were screened for mutations in betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 (badh2) gene to investigate the allelic differences using previously reported functional markers. This screening experiment revealed that non-basmati fragrant accession 'Velchi' does not harbour any reported mutation in coding region of badh2. While working with badh2-p-UTR marker we got deviating results. All the non-basmati fragrant and basmati types gave amplicon of 203 bp except Velchi, whereas all non-fragrant and 'Velchi' gave 456 and 461 bp amplicons respectively. The new allele has 253 bp deletion in the promoter region of fragrant indica rice accessions compared to non-fragrant rice. Further, the fragrant accession 'Velchi' has additional 5 bp duplication as compared to non-fragrant accessions. To distinguish Velchi from other non-fragrant indica accessions, a new marker (velbadh2-p-UTR) has been designed to identify this 5 bp difference, which could distinguish 'Velchi' from non-fragrant rice accessions and can be useful in breeding for development of fragrant rice varieties via marker-assisted selection. The 2AP biosynthesis related metabolites, gene expression and enzyme assay confirmed deletion in badh2 and expression of fragrance in Velchi.

Kiran S. Khandagale

Rahul L. Zanan

Sarika V. Mathure

Altafhusain B. Nadaf

Haplotype variation of Badh2 gene, unearthing of a new fragrance allele and marker development for non-basmati fragrant rice ‘Velchi’ ( Oryza sativa L.)

Badh2基因的单体型变异，发掘新的芳香等位基因及非巴斯马蒂香米‘Velchi’（Oryza sativa L.）的标记开发

Chitinases are thought to play a role in plant resistance to pathogens, but the extent of this role is unknown. The gene for a maize (Zea mays) chitinase, “chitinase 2”, previously reported to be induced by two ear rot pathogens in one maize inbred, was cloned from mRNA isolated from milk stage kernels of several different inbreds reported to be susceptible or resistant to ear rot pathogens. The chitinase gene sequence of some of the susceptible inbreds had frame shifts which would result in a nonfunctional protein. Other susceptible inbreds, and a few resistant inbreds, were missing regions that would contribute to chitin binding. A putative functional clone from a resistant inbred was expressed in yeast, and produced a protein with chitinase activity against different oligomers of N-acetyl glucosamine and modified chitin. The yeast-produced chitinase was also resistant to degradation by proteases from maize ear rot fungi, and enhanced antifungal activity of miconazole towards Fusarium graminearum. When introduced in maize callus transgenically, the callus expressing the chitinase 2 gene had significantly less growth of the ear rot pathogen, F. graminearium, than callus which did not express the gene. This information suggests susceptibility and resistance to ear rot pathogens is influenced not only by expression levels, but also by the sequence of putative resistance genes. Previous reports of increased expression of putative resistance genes need to be tempered with the realization that they may play no role in resistance if the genes code for nonfunctional or reduced function proteins.

Neil P.J. Price

Identification of a maize (Zea mays) chitinase allele sequence suitable for a role in ear rot fungal resistance

鉴定出一种适合在抗穗腐病真菌中发挥作用的玉米（Zea mays）几丁质酶等位基因序列

Md. Rajib Sharker

Soo Cheol Kim

Kanij Rukshana Sumi

Zahid Parvez Sukhan

Young Chang Sohn

Won Kyo Lee

Kang Hee Kho

Characterization and expression analysis of a GnRH-like peptide in the Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai

太平洋鲍鱼中一种GnRH样肽的特性与表达分析

Improving the efficiency of production to reduce the environmental footprints is pivotal to the sustainability of livestock systems.Despite the advances in cattle feed efficiency (FE) measurement and identification of potential mechanisms involved, much is still unclear regarding the genetic and biological basis of this trait.Nevertheless, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism have been outlined as important in determining efficient and inefficient animals.To address the role of genes partaking in these processes and previously involved with residual feed intake (RFI), we carried out a liver expression profile in Nelore steers (n = 83).Six target genes (FABP1, FADS2, PPP1R26, RGS2, SLC2A5, and UCP2) were measured by qPCR analysis.A general linear mixed model approach was applied to associate them with dry matter intake (DMI), body weight (BW), metabolic BW (MBW, kg), DMI as a percentage of BW (DMI%BW), and average daily gain (ADG, kg/d).Residual feed intake (RFI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), feed efficiency (FE), Kleiber index (KI), and relative growth rate (RGR) were also evaluated.Our results support that increased expression of FABP1 gene was associated with enhanced values for RFI and DMI.Likewise, higher expression level of SLC2A5 was related to higher KI and RGR.There was no phenotypic correlation between RFI and ADG, BW, and MBW.The positive correlations between FABP1 and SLC2A5, and between FABP1 and FADS2 gene expression suggest a putative co-regulation affecting feed efficiency phenotypes.

Wellison J.S. Diniz

Kamila O. da Rosa

Polyana C. Tizioto

Gerson B. Mourão

Priscila S.N. de Oliveira

Marcela M. de Souza

Luciana C.A. Regitano

FABP1 and SLC2A5 expression levels affect feed efficiency-related traits

FABP1和SLC2A5表达水平影响饲喂效率相关性状

The larva of the Japanese buff-tip moth (Phalera flavescens) has a novel N-acetyllactosamine-binding lectin, termed Phalera flavescens agglutinin (PFA). It has been suggested that the PFA gene evolved from a lysozyme gene through the loss of lysozyme activity sites. In this study, we investigated whether the PFA gene is evolving through positive selection or by relaxation of functional constraint. For this purpose, we sequenced several PFA-orthologous genes from P. assimilis, P. takasagoensis, and P. bucephala, and compared synonymous and non-synonymous changes to examine the state of natural selection. Although a number of non-synonymous changes were observed on several branches of the gene tree, these effects may have been caused by relaxation of a functional constraint rather than a mechanism of positive selection. Therefore, it is reasonable to conclude that a lysozyme gene in the common ancestor of the Phalera (genus) species lost its lysozyme activity and accumulated mutations during the evolution of the species. Although the actual function of PFA in the moth species is as yet unknown, the gene probably obtained the N-acetyllactosamine-specific lectin activity, collaterally.

Kazuki Sasaki

Kazuo Umetsu

Takashi Kitano

Evolution of the gene of the lectin, Phalera flavescens agglutinin (PFA)

黄刺蛾凝集素（PFA）基因的进化

Different fat ingredients and their fatty acids may influence the expression of genes responsible to encode enzymes and proteins linked to adipose tissue deposition, influencing beef quality. Therefore, the objective was to analyze the expression of PPARA, SREBF1 and genes involved in lipid metabolism in longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle of cattle fed diets containing soybean or cottonseed with or without vitamin E. Twenty-eight bulls were used in a completely randomized design using a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement. The inclusion of soybean and cottonseed in the diets provided 64.8 g kg−1 and 65.6 g kg−1 of ether extract, respectively, and vitamin E supplementation was 2500 IU per day. The PPARA expression was greater and SREBF1 expression was lower in the muscle of animals fed soybean (P < .01). Vitamin E reduced the expression of SREBF1 in animals fed cottonseed and increased its expression in animals fed soybean (P < .01). Expression of LPL and ACACA increased when bulls were fed with soybean (P < .01) and their expression was upregulated when animals received vitamin E (P < .03). Expression of SCD was higher when cottonseed and no vitamin E diet were used (P < .01). In conclusion, supplementation with vitamin E alters the expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism in LT muscle, indicating that α-tocopherol is a cell-signaling molecule.

Márcio Machado Ladeira

Dalton Mendes de Oliveira

Jon Partrick Schoonmaker

Mário Luiz Chizzotti

Horllys Gomes Barreto

Luciano Vilela Paiva

Tamara Cristina Coelho

Otávio Rodrigues Machado Neto

Mateus Pies Gionbelli

Antônio Chalfun-Junior

Expression of lipogenic genes in the muscle of beef cattle fed oilseeds and vitamin E

饲喂油籽和维生素E的肉牛肌肉中脂肪生成基因的表达

The entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is used as a natural pest killer in many agricultural systems due to its power of overcoming the host immune system. This is partially due to its genome content that expresses key proteins involved in its virulence. In this study, we used Real-Time PCR technique to analyze the relative expression at 48 and 72 h post inoculation of the Hyd1, Hyd2, Bbchit1, Cdep1, Bbbeas, Bbbsls and Vlp4 genes implicated in the pathogenesis process of an indigenous strain (LTB) and a commercial strain (IND) of B. bassiana. This analysis revealed a higher induction of Bbbeas, Bbbsls and Vlp4 genes by the LTB strain when comparing to the IND strain and the calibrator. Furthermore, a more rapid repression of Hyd1 and Hyd2 gene was notable by LTB strain. No significant difference was recorded by the expression of the Cdep1 gene between the test samples and the control. Finally, a significant difference was recorded with the expression of Bbchit1 gene by the IND strain 72 h post-inoculation. In conclusion, these results suggest that B. bassiana strains have differential expression of virulence genes that could reflect adaptation to their geographical environment and could help classifying their entomopathogenic efficacy accordingly.

Charbel Al Khoury

Georges Nemer

Jacques Guillot

Afif Abdel Nour

Nabil Nemer

Expression analysis of the genes involved in the virulence of Beauveria bassiana

白僵菌致病相关基因的表达分析

ISSN	2352-2151
h-index	13

u9zg3I	生物遗传学化学生物化学基因医学植物生态学基因表达内科学园艺农学地质学内分泌学
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ak9yM6	A7IHrH: 2016，sQJ/D8: 0.00%，sE9og+:N.A.， wzlKC/: 0.00%

Agri Gene

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Study of microRNA mediated gene regulation in Striga hermonthica through in-silico approach

Expression of cytokine genes and receptors in white blood cells associated with divergent body weight gain in beef steers

Three sorghum serpin recombinant proteins inhibit midgut trypsin activity and growth of corn earworm

Haplotype variation of Badh2 gene, unearthing of a new fragrance allele and marker development for non-basmati fragrant rice ‘Velchi’ ( Oryza sativa L.)

Identification of a maize (Zea mays) chitinase allele sequence suitable for a role in ear rot fungal resistance

Characterization and expression analysis of a GnRH-like peptide in the Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai

FABP1 and SLC2A5 expression levels affect feed efficiency-related traits

Evolution of the gene of the lectin, Phalera flavescens agglutinin (PFA)

Expression of lipogenic genes in the muscle of beef cattle fed oilseeds and vitamin E

Expression analysis of the genes involved in the virulence of Beauveria bassiana