Anthropological Researches and Studies

Objectives.The health-care and welfare needs of the elderly population are increasing in Eastern European countries, especially in Romania. In 1989, subsequently after the fall of Ceausescu´s regime, the country had to restart, with the novelty of going abroad to work in the post-revolutionary Romanian context, retaining those who would become the future old age of the country. The purpose of this article was to explore the various social problems faced by this sector of the population, as a result of an ethnography within the framework of a case study carried out in the city of Copșa Mică. Materials and methods. The study was based on an ethnographic research carried out between September 2020 and April 2021, supported by discourse analysis of 12 life stories and 18 in-depth interviews, a total of 30 people from the town of Copșa Mică, 15 men and 15 women, whose ages were between 53 and 85 years. Results. In particular, this study revealed the existence of invisible illnesses and suffering that affect mental health, such as loneliness, abandonment or depression. These discomforts come, partly, as a result of the change of paradigm, and the constant migration of former workers sons and daughters. Conclusions. It is necessary to rethink these contemporary challenges, in which the current social structure puts old age aside, with the duty of positioning it towards a dignified old age and increasing social strategies to face the growing need for care and attention. Keywords: abandonment, loneliness, migration, mental health, old age.

Adrián CIUCIUMAN ROMERO

STUDY OF THE SENIOR POPULATION OF COPȘA MICĂ AFTER THE REVOLUTION AND THE MODEL CHANGE. AN ETHNOGRAPHIC VISION

革命与模式转变后科普萨米卡老年人口研究：一种人种志视角

Objectives. Food waste is a process that takes place along the food supply chain and is the result of the following actors: institutions, members of the supply chain, and consumers. However, in developed countries, the main contributor to food waste appears to be the consumer (Buzby &amp; Hyman, 2012). Material and methods. The analysis was conducted on two samples of articles published in the Romanian press, out of which, the first included 23 electronic editions of the “Scinteia” newspaper during 1980-1986, and the second consisted of 30 articles published in the Romanian national online press, during 2010-2020. Out of the total amount of electronic editions of the newspaper, 16 articles have been selected for analysis. The process of collecting both samples took place between February and March 2021. Results. The articles published between 1980 and 1989 placed a particular emphasis on the “collective effort” to eliminate waste. However, in articles published between 2010 and 2020, journalists used a triple approach, by emphasizing the particular role of each reader in the fight against food waste, using data gathered from the European and/or global statistics, in order to raise awareness regarding the food waste. Before 1989, the topic was understood and covered as a sequence of “daily acts”, describing real characters and situations, while after 1989, the information is delivered as an imperative. Conclusions. The analysis of the Romanian press coverage of food waste during the two mentioned periods of time reveals an important difference regarding the actors involved in this process. Keywords: food waste, media, Romania, persuasion.

Ines RAZEC

Valentina MARINESCU

Teodor DUMITRACHE

AN ANALYSIS ON HOW THE ROMANIAN MEDIA PERCEIVES FOOD WASTE

罗马尼亚媒体对食物浪费认知的分析

Objectives. Menarche occurrence is influenced by genetic and environmental or external factors. The influence of external factors that affect age at menarche vary in different populations. Material and methods. Anthropological survey was carried out in primary and secondary schools in rural and urban places of North Bačka region in Vojvodina (North part of the Republic of Serbia). The investigation was performed between 2017-2020, and the data used in this study represents a part from this large comprehensive anthropological survey. The study included a total of 1971 adolescent girls aged from 7 to 18 years, out of whom 514 (26.08%) had menarche. The survey used the status quo method to collect individual data on menarche. The following socio-economic and demographic parameters were examined: parents’ educational level, the number of children in the family, participation in sports activities outside of school, settlement size and nationality. Results. The present study showed that the average menarcheal age was 12.23 ± 1.18 years and the median equals 12.22 years. No relationship was observed with regard to external factors. Only with regard to sports activities outside of school, statistical differences were found. The onset of menarche in girls who practice some sport was somewhat earlier than in girls without any additional physical activity. Conclusions. The study shows that in the last few decades there has been a trend toward lowering of age at menarche in Serbian girls. It is also observed that differences in socio-economic conditions seem to be flattened between rural and urban places. Keywords: adolescent girls, menarche, external factors.

Tatjana PAVLICA

Valerija PUŠKAŠ

Rada RAKIĆ

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON AGE AT MENARCHE IN NORTH BAČKA REGION (THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA)

北巴奇卡地区（塞尔维亚共和国）社会人口因素对初潮年龄的影响

Objective. This study discusses the issue of rehabilitation and the lived reality of female offenders serving short-term sentences who are excluded from rehabilitation programmes. This exclusion ill-equips the women from reforming their criminal behaviours leading to a life of recidivism. It also examines Bourdieu’s theory of habitus to identify a suitably unifying theoretical framework to analyse female criminality and the link between short-term sentences and recidivism. Material and methods. The explorative and ethnographic lens gives voice to social realities of the offender’s punishment, rehabilitation (or lack thereof), reintegration, and recidivism. As female offenders only constitute 3% of the correctional population in South Africa, the sample was limited to ten female offenders. Results. While research on female criminality has just starting to receive attention in South Africa, rehabilitation programmes are still mostly geared toward the reform of criminal behaviour amongst male offenders and a gender-sensitive correctional programme has been overlooked. Ironically by default, female offenders serving short-term sentences are further overlooked as they are excluded from rehabilitation programmes. Conclusion. The study makes a case that a gender-sensitive rehabilitation programme (with a focus on empowering women as decision makers capable of acquiring competence in areas such as motherhood, education, and skills development) needs to be available to all females entering the penal and corrective system. Without being equipped to deal with a variety of challenges which may affect adjustment to life outside the correctional facility and maintain their reformative behaviours, a great risk of recidivism for female offenders arises. Keywords: rehabilitation, recidivism, female offenders, short-term sentences, exclusion.

Jessica Leigh THORNTON

A LINK TO RECIDIVISM: EXCLUDING FEMALE OFFENDERS SERVING SHORT SENTENCES FROM REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES

重犯的关联：将服短期刑的女性罪犯排除在康复计划之外

Objectives. This pilot study aimed to explore the personality of young people convicted of violent crimes, in relation to a series of variables, such as: family characteristics, the criminogenic potential of the group of friends, the situations of conflict and support experienced by them as a result of interaction with colleagues and employees in the educational center. Material and methods. The sample was made up of 21 boys interned in Buziaș and Târgu Ocna educational centers. The data collection was carried out by the survey method based on questionnaires. For this study, the responses to the 5-Factor Personality Questionnaire were retained. The data analysis was carried out through Little's MCAR test, Chi-Square, T-test, Hedges' g index. Results. Depending on the relationship with the primary caregivers, differences were identified in terms of the variables investigating the level of conscientiousness, amiability and desirability. At the level of the variable investigating autonomy, differences were recorded depending on the criminogenic potential of the group of friends. Regarding the period of deprivation of liberty, participants who came into conflict with colleagues in the educational center showed a lower level of desirability, and those who reported conflicts with employees scored higher for extraversion. At the same time, those who reported moral support from the cadres scored higher on the amiability and desirability scales. Conclusions. The social reintegration steps in the educational centers targeting young people who have committed violent crimes can be adapted depending on the particularities of the family, the group of friends and the young person's relationship with colleagues and employees in the center. The partnership between the staff of the educational centres and the adults with whom the young internees have a close relationship becomes essential. Keywords: personality, delinquency, violence, educational center, social reintegration.

Flavia-Elena CIURBEA

PERSONALITY, FAMILY ENVIRONMENT IN THE FAMILY OF ORIGIN, AS WELL AS THE EXISTING CLIMATE WITHIN THE EDUCATIONAL CENTER IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH CONVICTED OF VIOLENT CRIMES. PILOT STUDY

人格、原生家庭环境及教育中心现有氛围对暴力犯罪青少年及青年的影响：试点研究

Objectives. Perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty can be two elements that distort the optimal development of a child for his transformation into a successful adult. The objective of this study was to identify the relationship between perfectionism and intolerance of uncertainty, as well as establish the impact of parental support on them. Material and methods. This study was conducted on a sample of 247 respondents, 226 (91%) female, 20 (8%) male, and 1 respondent who did not state gender. The method used was the indirect survey, and the research instrument used was the questionnaire through which the three research variables were measured. Results were processed using statistical operations such as correlations, regressions, and ANOVA analysis of variance. Results. As the level of parental support decreases, the level of uncertainty intolerance increases (r = – .18, p = .006, p &lt; .05). A significant effect of the respondent’s age on the level of intolerance uncertainty was established (F(6,81.84) = 2.96, p = .01, p &lt; .05). As parental recognition of feelings decreases, intolerance of uncertainty increases. The performance induced by the parents is not associated with the level of perfectionism of the respondents. The increased level of intolerance of uncertainty was associated with an increased level of perfectionism (r = .35, p &lt; .001). Conclusions. This study demonstrates the importance of parental support for reducing intolerance to uncertainty and, at the same time, for reducing the level of maladaptive perfectionism, according to which the young adult is constantly worried about aspects of life that cannot always be controlled. Keywords: intolerance of uncertainty, perfectionism, parental support.

Andreea ȘIȚOIU

Georgeta PÂNIȘOARĂ

THE EFFECTS OF PARENTING ON PERFECTIONISM AND INTOLERANCE TO UNCERTAINTY IN YOUTH AND ADULTS

父母教养方式对青少年和成人完美主义与不确定性容忍度的影响

Objectives. Parental support has become an important element for the complete development of today’s child, who will become the young person and adult of the future, as well as for effective parenting. This study aimed to determine the extent to which parental support is experienced and its impact on youth and adult self-efficacy. Material and methods. This study was conducted on a sample of 247 respondents, 226 (91%) female, 20 (8%) male, and 1 respondent who did not state gender. The method used was the indirect survey, and the research instrument used was the questionnaire. Results. A significant effect of the established relationship with parents on parental support was obtained, F(2, 70.50) = 4.31, p = .01, p &lt; .05. A statistically significant difference (t = – 6.33, p &lt; .001) was established between the variance of the self-efficacy means in the case of respondents whose feelings were recognized by their parents, as a specific strategy for parental support compared to respondents who did not experience this strategy during childhood. A significant effect of the relationship established with the parents on the self-efficacy level of the respondents was identified and perceived parental support was associated with self-efficacy. Conclusions. The study demonstrates the importance of parental support for the acquisition of self-efficacy and subsequent development of the young person, recognizing that it becomes all the stronger as it is provided equally by both parents. Keywords: parental support, self-efficacy, recognition of feelings.

Alexandra Maria ROȘU

PARENTAL SUPPORT AND ITS ROLE ON YOUTH AND ADULT SELF-EFFICACY

父母支持及其对青年和成人自我效能的作用

Objectives. The identity of the place has an effect on citizens’ identities. The study presented aims to support the connection between slow violence, environmental injustice, and the use of visual sociology to deepen the experiences and relations of people in the surrounding environment. The target is a neighborhood called Tamburi in the city of Taranto, Apulia. Methods. After an initial focus group useful to know more about the context, 8 people residing in the target area took photos to understand how the environmental damage has slowly settled on every aspect of life in the neighborhood and to explore concepts like social memories, and socio-semiotic category. The contribution of a non-residing photojournalist was analyzed, in order to improve and complete observation techniques. Results. Tamburi, literally incorporated by the industry, is a place with a complex identity to the detriment of social life and the new generations’ well-being, accompanied by a correlated social and cultural unease as well as a feeling of abandonment and vindication. It is identified as a sacrifice area due to the high rate of pollutants in circulation, premature deaths, and contamination of the urban and vegetable elements present. Conclusions. Living in territories vulnerable to sacrifice translates into considering the existences therein underestimated. The visual method offers interesting insights into the possibilities of interpreting some phenomena. The images of the neighborhood are a negative stimulus that communicates feelings of fragility in the individual and collective memory and has an impact on the livability and attractiveness of places. Keywords: visual sociology; environmental violence; narrative images; generational injustice; place identity.

Carmen SALE

URBAN NARRATIVES IN A CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENERATIONAL INJUSTICE

环境与代际不公背景下的城市叙事

Objectives. This case study endeavors to provide an in-depth understanding of the schema and mode structure of narcissistic personality disorder (NPD) and to illustrate a possible therapeutic approach using schema therapy (ST). Material and methods. The recorded material from a 2-year therapeutic journey of a 38-year-old female client diagnosed with NPD was transcribed and systematically analyzed, together with the results of questionnaires that were given to the client at the start of therapy and at the end of the process. Results. The Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III) was initially used to confirm the presence of NPD in the client. Concurrently, the Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ) and Schema Mode Inventory (SMI) were employed to measure changes across the course of treatment. The MCMI-III confirmed the existence of NPD. The YSQ revealed a high presence of schemas in the domains of disconnection and rejection, as well as schemas of subjugation, entitlement, and approval seeking. The SMI indicated elevated scores on Vulnerable and Angry Child Modes, Detached Self-Soother and Self-Aggrandizer, Punitive and Demanding Parent. The scores for Happy Child and Healthy Adult were medium. Upon completion of therapy, a reevaluation of the questionnaire’s scores demonstrated a reduction in narcissism on MCMI-III from 89 to 78, indicating that the client no longer met the criteria for NPD but only for narcissistic personality traits. The scores for YSQ and SMI also decreased significantly. Conclusions. The use of schema therapy was an adaptive and successful approach to addressing the narcissistic personality pathology of the client. The utilization of a limited reparenting stance allowed empathic confrontation of the main narcissistic modes. The utilization of mode conceptualization and schema understanding reduced feelings of shame and promoted participation of the client’s Healthy Adult Mode in the therapeutic process. Keywords: personality disorders, narcissistic personality disorder, schema therapy, coping modes.

Maria Cristina STERIE

TREATING NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER WITH SCHEMA THERAPY – A CASE STUDY

用图式疗法治疗自恋型人格障碍——一个案例研究

Objectives. This study presents the child’s emotional disturbances as consequences of the parents’ divorce. The child’s reactions to the parents’ divorce differ depending on a number of factors such as the child’s age stage, his personal characteristics, the existence of parental conflict, and the support network. Material and methods. The study was conducted by analyzing the literature published between 1985 and 2023. The search was conducted in Romanian and English in 18 international publications using the following key phrases and terms, separately or in combination: divorce, children’s mental disorders, parental conflict, anxiety, depression, stress, emotionality, and preadolescents. These were used to investigate the link between parental conflict in divorce and emotional consequences for the child. Results. In research on the psychological impact of divorce on a child, a series of disorders associated with a poorly managed family separation have been highlighted. Anxiety disorders are very common following divorce and are usually associated with depressive disorders, the symptoms of which vary in severity. The risk of post-traumatic or acute stress disorder is increased in children who have been exposed to a conflict situation between their parents or who have been involved in such a situation themselves, and it can manifest itself more severely if the feeling of guilt arises, a feeling often found in children whose parents have divorced, which intensifies the stress disorder. In cases where the child is forced to manage the distress resulting from parental conflict, the child may develop a range of problems, such as attachment disorder, adjustment disorder, or behavioral disorders. Conclusions. The negative effects of misunderstandings between divorcing parents have a major impact on a child’s emotional development. Keywords: emotional disturbances, divorce, children’s mental disorders, parental conflict, family life.

u9zg3I	心理学医学社会学政治学哲学法学生物计算机科学经济社会心理学物理地理数学历史语言学认识论
+5d/bs	e+/GRg: Romanian Academy Francisc I Rainer Institute of Anthropology，uzYam8: ，dxwaWB: journal，8x2mMQ: Xn96QY
ak9yM6	A7IHrH: 2022，sQJ/D8: 0.00%，sE9og+:N.A.， wzlKC/: 0.00%
OtlFwL	$8By/Hf
JrpmBe	32 weeks

Anthropological Researches and Studies

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STUDY OF THE SENIOR POPULATION OF COPȘA MICĂ AFTER THE REVOLUTION AND THE MODEL CHANGE. AN ETHNOGRAPHIC VISION

AN ANALYSIS ON HOW THE ROMANIAN MEDIA PERCEIVES FOOD WASTE

THE INFLUENCE OF SOCIO-DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS ON AGE AT MENARCHE IN NORTH BAČKA REGION (THE REPUBLIC OF SERBIA)

A LINK TO RECIDIVISM: EXCLUDING FEMALE OFFENDERS SERVING SHORT SENTENCES FROM REHABILITATION PROGRAMMES

PERSONALITY, FAMILY ENVIRONMENT IN THE FAMILY OF ORIGIN, AS WELL AS THE EXISTING CLIMATE WITHIN THE EDUCATIONAL CENTER IN ADOLESCENTS AND YOUTH CONVICTED OF VIOLENT CRIMES. PILOT STUDY

THE EFFECTS OF PARENTING ON PERFECTIONISM AND INTOLERANCE TO UNCERTAINTY IN YOUTH AND ADULTS

PARENTAL SUPPORT AND ITS ROLE ON YOUTH AND ADULT SELF-EFFICACY

URBAN NARRATIVES IN A CONTEXT OF ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENERATIONAL INJUSTICE

TREATING NARCISSISTIC PERSONALITY DISORDER WITH SCHEMA THERAPY – A CASE STUDY

THE FAMILY ENVIRONMENT OF CHILDREN WITH DIVORCED PARENTS AND THEIR EMOTIONAL DISTURBANCES