Applied Environmental Biotechnology

Manure effects on soil organic matter (SOM) and related physicochemical fertility indices wane rather fast in the tropics due mainly to the prevailing high temperatures. In texturally similar soils, SOM-mediated aggregation controls hydraulic properties including rainfall-to-field-capacity time (FCtime) and field capacity water content (FCwater) that relate to water/nutrients availability to crops. This study assessed the residual effects of poultry-droppings manure at 25, 50 and 75 t/ha on SOM and aggregation, P-fertility and hydraulic properties of sandy-loam Ultisols in southeastern Nigeria. Mulch-protected treatment plots were water-saturated weekly during the dry season. Sampling for immediate effects was done one month after treatment; that for residual effects in the subsequent rainy season, 7-8 months after treatment, when FCtime/FCwater was monitored at 3-24 h intervals after three rainfall events each ≥ 30 mm. A given monitoring time was designated FCtime if the corresponding FCwater was similar to that of the succeeding one. Immediate effects showed higher soil pH, SOM, aggregates’ mean-weight diameter and available P in 50 and 75 t/ha than unamended control, but similar sand-corrected water-stable aggregates and permeability indices among treatments. Residual effects toed similar trends except that aggregates’ mean-weight diameter was unaffected, while soil bulk density was lower and microporosity higher in 75 t/ha than the rest. Across the three sampling periods, FCtime averaged 42 and 26 h, respectively at ≤ 25 and ≥ 50 t/ha, while FCwater increased steadily (0.08-0.22 g/g) with manure rate. Beyond the season of application to droughty Ultisols, poultry-droppings manure at heavy rates (50-75 t/ha) can still be promoting their SOM and P-fertility but not macro-aggregation. Up to 75 t/ha of the manure may be required for similar residual effects on soil hydraulic properties (including FCtime and FCwater), with FCtime seemingly varying not just with SOM but also the associated rainfall’s characteristics.

Sunday Ewele Obalum

Vivian Ukamaka Ugwu

NtieneObong Emmanuel Etukudo

Paul Omaye Joseph

Chinaza Joy Onah

Nkpouto Usenekong Eyibio

Charles Arizechukwu Igwe

Residual effects of heavy application of poultry-droppings manure on aggregation, P-fertility and hydraulic properties of well-drained tropical soils

高量施用禽粪对排水良好的热带土壤团聚体、磷肥力和水力特性的残留影响

CO2 enhanced oil recovery (CO2-EOR) is one of the common and effective ways for carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) in China. The injection of CO2 into petroleum reservoirs may influence subsurface environments and further affect microorganisms in oil reservoirs. However, the current knowledge about the impact of CO2 flooding operation on microbial communities and their metabolic functions in oil reservoirs is still limited. In this study, the compositions and metabolic potential of microbial communities in production water from CO2-and water-flooded oil reservoirs in Jilin oilfield were investigated by using a metagenomic approach. Comparative analyses indicated that the microbial community compositions in CO2-flooded oil reservoir samples (GQ43 and GH46) were significantly different from those in water-flooded ones (WQ21 and WH71), with lower microbial diversity. The difference analysis (p&lt;0.05) showed that Pseudomonas, Stutzerimonas, Marinobacterium,Pseudomonadaceae, Methanosarcina and Archaeoglobus were dominant in the former, while Azonexus, Sulfurospirillum, Candidatus Woesearchaeota, Candidatus Methanofastidiosa and Nanoarchaeota predominated in the latter. According to the high-quality metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) obtained, some members identified in the CO2-flooded oil reservoir samples might be involved in aerobic alkane biodegradation (Stutzerimonas and Hyphomonas), activated hydrocarbon utilization (Archaeoglobus and Magnetospirillum), fatty acid degradation (Stutzerimonas and Halomonas), fermentative metabolism (Stutzerimonas, Acidaminobacter, Fusibacter, Magnetospirillum, Shewanella, Halodesulfovibrio, Pseudodesulfovibrio and Halomonas), carbon fixation (Methanosarcina and Halodesulfovibrio)and syntrophic methanogenesis (Methanosarcina), simultaneously accompanied by dissimilatory sulfate reduction, thiosulfate reduction and denitrification. Whereas, a series of MAGs recovered from the water-flooded oil reservoir samples might be responsible for fumarate addition of aromatic hydrocarbons, activated hydrocarbon utilization, acetogenesis, reductive citrate cycle, dissimilatory nitrate reduction and sulfur metabolism (dissimilatory sulfate reduction, thiosulfate reduction and sulfur oxidation). These results contribute a broad and deep understanding of microbial communities and their roles in petroleum reservoirs especially affected by CO2 flooding operation, and provide the basic biological information for CCUS.

Lei Zhou

Gui-Na Qi

Yi-Fan Liu

Jin-Feng Liu

Shi-Zhong Yang

Ji-Dong Gu

Bo-Zhong Mu

Metagenomic analysis of compositions and metabolic potential of microbial communities in production water from CO2-and water- flooded petroleum reservoirs

二氧化碳和水淹石油储层产出水中微生物群落的组成和代谢潜力宏基因组分析

With the aquaculture industry’s growth comes an increased demand for fishmeal, leading to overfishing and rising prices. Spirulina, amicroalga rich in protein and essential nutrients, is proposed as an alternative protein source research in the diet of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus,a major aquaculture species. This study investigates the effect of replacing fishmeal with Spirulina at a higher percentage than in previous studies. The formulated diets containing 0%, 30%, and 50% Spirulina were tested over a 58-day period to determine the effect on growth, survival, and proximate composition on Nile tilapia. Results showed that replacing fishmeal with Spirulina at both 30% and 50% levels did not negatively affect growth or survival rates. Water quality parameters remained within optimal ranges throughout the experiment, indicating that Spirulina inclusion did not adversely affect water quality. Proximate analysis of the fish muscle revealed no significant differences in crude protein content but fish fed 30% Spirulina had higher crude fat content. Overall, the study concludes that Spirulina can replace fishmeal up to 50% without negative effect on the growth, survival and proximate composition of Nile tilapia.

Rayan Al-Nadabi

Wenresti G. Gallardo

Ahmed Al-Souti

Spirulina Arthrospira platensis as fishmeal replacement: effect on the growth, survival and proximate composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

螺旋藻（节旋藻）作为鱼粉替代品对尼罗罗非鱼生长、存活及近似成分的影响

Developing countries are facing challenges due to rapid urbanization and insufficient sanitation facilities. However, valorizing treated fecal sludge as a fuel source presents an opportunity to recover energy and mitigate environmental impacts. This experimental study aimed to produce low-cost biofuel from dried fecal sludge and enhance its energy efficiency by incorporating locally available organic matters. Various organic materials like rice husk, cow dung, sawdust, and coal were carbonized and mixed with the sludge to enhance calorific value. Eight sludge and organic matter mixtures were formed into briquettes. The blend of 50% sludge and 50% coal yielded the highest calorific value of 14618 KJ/kg and a boiling time of 14 minutes. The second-highest result was for 50% sludge and 50% cow dung, with a calorific value of 14427 KJ/kg and a boiling time of 23 minutes. The study found that blending sludge with organic materials enhances energy output. Briquettes with 50% sludge and 50% coal cost 19.87 BDT/kg, while those with 50% sludge and 50% cow dung cost 14.37 BDT/kg, proving more economical. The latter blend emerged as the most efficient and cost-effective biofuel, offering a sustainable eco-friendly solution for Bangladesh’s rural energy market.

Rabeya Sultana

Md. Riad Hossain

Anirban Saha

Fahim Rahman Rafi

Shaker Ahmed

Md. Esraz Ul-Zannat

Transforming Fecal Sludge into an Affordable Biofuel Alternative: A Sustainable Solution for Developing Countries

将粪便污泥转化为经济实惠的生物燃料替代品：发展中国家的可持续解决方案

Extensive aeration is required for constructed wetlands (CWs) since dissolved oxygen is essential in nutrients and pathogen removal. On the other hand, plants typically used in CWs can release oxygen into the system, lowering the need for external aeration. Hence, this study tried to uncover the oxygenation rate of three species of plants in the CWs system with limited oxygen and their capability to treat wastewater. Canna sp., Heliconia sp.,and Typha sp. were used and compared to uptake nutrients and reduce coliform numbers in domestic wastewater using sub-surface CWs in low levels of initial oxygen. In the meantime, oxygen release from the plant root was monitored in real-time using an IoT-based module. On the detention time of 24 hours, CWs planted with Typha sp. were able to reduce 61% NH4+ and 71% PO43−.The system was also able to remove coliform with a magnitude of 1.39 log units. In addition, Typha sp. was observed to generate a higher oxygenation rate to the CWs system compared to the other two plants at 0.175%/h, on average. These observations suggested that Typha sp. had the best prospect to be used in a sub-surface CWs system with the least external aeration needed.

Ridwan Muhamad Rifai

Anie Yulistyorini

Jenvia Rista Pratiwi

Muhammad Aris Ichwanto

Identifying prospective water plants for reducing nutrients and total coliform in sub-surface constructed wetlands with limited oxygen

识别有限氧气条件下地下人工湿地中减少营养物质和总大肠菌群的潜在水处理厂

ISSN	2382-6436, 2424-9092
h-index	11

Publication Information	Publisher: Urban Development Scientific Publishing Pte. Ltd.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2016，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

Applied Environmental Biotechnology

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Residual effects of heavy application of poultry-droppings manure on aggregation, P-fertility and hydraulic properties of well-drained tropical soils

Metagenomic analysis of compositions and metabolic potential of microbial communities in production water from CO2-and water- flooded petroleum reservoirs

Spirulina Arthrospira platensis as fishmeal replacement: effect on the growth, survival and proximate composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Transforming Fecal Sludge into an Affordable Biofuel Alternative: A Sustainable Solution for Developing Countries

Identifying prospective water plants for reducing nutrients and total coliform in sub-surface constructed wetlands with limited oxygen

Residual effects of heavy application of poultry-droppings manure on aggregation, P-fertility and hydraulic properties of well-drained tropical soils

Metagenomic analysis of compositions and metabolic potential of microbial communities in production water from CO2-and water- flooded petroleum reservoirs

Spirulina Arthrospira platensis as fishmeal replacement: effect on the growth, survival and proximate composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus

Transforming Fecal Sludge into an Affordable Biofuel Alternative: A Sustainable Solution for Developing Countries

Identifying prospective water plants for reducing nutrients and total coliform in sub-surface constructed wetlands with limited oxygen