European Journal of Clinical Pharmacy®, is a peer reviewed biomedical journal that publish papers related to clinical pharmacy, clinical pharmacology, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacotherapy and clinical management in the following sections, not necessary included in every issue.

The European Journal of Clinical Pharmacy® is a peer-reviewed biomedical journal that publishes papers related to clinical pharmacy, clinical pharmacology, pharmacoepidemiology, pharmacoeconomics, pharmacotherapy, and clinical management. The journal covers various sections, which may not necessarily be included in every issue.

《European Journal of Clinical Pharmacy》是一本经过同行评审的生物医学期刊，发表与临床药学、临床药理学、药物流行病学、药物经济学、药物治疗和临床管理相关的论文。期刊的内容涵盖多个领域，具体内容可能在每期中有所不同。

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

Anakinra is a recombinant IL-1 receptor inhibitor commonly used for the treatment of autoinflammatory diseases in rheumatology. Successful off-label use of anakinra has been reported in different cases of severe HS. Several reports, in addition to our case, show that patients’ selection remains important since not all patients with HS respond well to anti-IL1 therapy, and further clinical investigation is needed to help on the predictive response to the different biological treatments

José María LLamas

Ángela Ayen Rodríguez

Bárbara Cancela Díez

Marina Galvez Moreno

Ricardo Ruiz Villaverde

European journal of clinical pharmacy

Hidradenitis suppurativa and anakinra

化脓性汗腺炎与阿那白滞素

The objective of this study was to determine the quality of life (QoL) in diabetic patients of Aseer Region, Saudi Arabia. Data were collected from 110 diabetic patients using a validated and reliable questionnaire consisting of three sections: 
1) socio-demographic characteristics, such as age, gender, marital status, education level, and family history; 
2) disease profile, which included co-morbidities, treatment, diabetes control/management and blood pressure control, as well as 3) the SF-20 questionnaire. The mean age range of the patients in this study was between 52.45 ±19.57. The most prevalent diabetic co-morbidities were hypertension (56.4%), impotence (29.1%), hyperlipidemia (25.5%), ischemic heart disease (15.5%), neuropathy (12.7%), and cerebrovascular disease (11.8%). There were three domains found lacking among diabetic patients, which were general health, treatment satisfaction, and progressive symptoms, with a median score of 16, 21, and 25, respectively. However, there was no statistically significant difference (p = 0.1) in these results when compared to diabetic patients who had responded positively in the domains mentioned. These results might have implications for health promotion in Aseer Region. It is important to prevent diabetic complications and manage co-morbid conditions to promote QoL. Several steps can be taken within the Aseer region, such as modifying medical interventions and designing educational programs for diabetic patients to ensure future progress 
in this specific area.

K. M. Alakhali

M Alshahrani Sultan

S. S. Alavudeen

Lyna Irawati

A Algarsh Morad

Health-related quality of life in patients with diabetes using sf-20 questionnaire in aseer region, saudi arabia

沙特阿拉伯阿西尔地区使用SF-20问卷的糖尿病患者健康相关生活质量

Objective: Stratify HIV/AIDS patients using the Model of Selection and Pharmaceutical Care for Chronic Patients designed by the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy (SEFH). Identify basal variables related to the antiretroviral therapy in association with this stratification. 
Method: Prospective study whose recruitment was completed between April 2015 and June 2016 of HIV/AIDS patients on follow-up in Outpatient consultations of two General Hospitals. A clinic history review and a clinical interview were carried out. The relation of age, gender, HIV/HCV-coinfection, viral load, CD4, number 
and years of antiretroviral therapy, previous virologic failure, and adherence variables to the obtained stratification level was studied. 
Results: Among 354 candidate patients, 128 (36%) were interviewed and 109 (85.16%) agreed to participate. Seventy-eight point nine percent were male and the median age was 48 years (IQR: 41-55). In 87 patients (79.82%), the stratification level was basic (3) and in 22 (20.18%), it was global/medication risk (1-2a). Thirty-one point eight percent of HIV/HCV-coinfected patients belonged to level 1-2a, and 10.3% of them to level 3 (p = 0.011). The median years of antiretroviral therapy were 14 (IQR: 9.75-19) and 7 (IQR: 3-13) years for groups 1-2a and 3, respectively (p <0.001). The adherence was 82.8% in group 3 and 54.4% in group 1-2a (p = 0.005). 
Conclusions: The stratification allows to adequate the pharmaceutical care to each patient and to prioritize specific actions for those at higher risk. HIV/HCV-coinfection, years of antiretroviral therapy and lack of adherence seem to be variables which increase stratification possibilities in groups at higher risk

Beatriz Mejuto Pérez del Molino

Paloma Castellano

Laura Villaverde

Alba Otero

Inmaculada López

Concepción Castro

Application of a model of selection and pharmaceutical care in a population of hiv positive patients

HIV阳性患者人群中选择模型与药学服务的应用

López Tricas

The Lancet's discussion on hydroxychloroquine or chloroquine in patients with COVID-19

《柳叶刀》关于羟氯喹或氯喹在COVID-19患者中应用的讨论

José Manuel López Tricas

Emerging viruses. The example of COVID-19

新兴病毒：以COVID-19为例

Background: According to World Health Organization (WHO), COVID-19 is a contagious and infectious disease caused by the novel virus SARS-CoV-2 which mainly affects the lungs and also damages many other organs. This organ damage 
may increase the risk of long-term health problems. 
Objective: We aimed to systematically review the literature to outline the organ damage caused by COVID-19 infection and its long-term effects. 
Method: We systematically searched the database «PubMed» which included studies that measured organ damage associated with COVID-19 and their longterm effects among infected patients. 
Results: A total of 53 studies were reviewed and screened based on titles and abstracts. Of these, only nine studies were determined to meet the eligibility criteria 
for discussion. Body systems and organs that may be affected by COVID-19 infection were the heart, lungs, brain and nervous system, musculoskeletal, and kidney. The possible long-term effects identified in these studies were damage to heart muscles, heart failure, damage to lung tissues and restrictive lung failure, anosmia (loss of sense of smell), and the consequences of thrombo-embolic events, stroke, heart attack, cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety, sleep disturbance, pain in muscles and joints. 
Conclusion: Many long-term COVID-19 effects are still unknown and how COVID-19 will affect people over time

Muhammad Ahmer Raza

Shireen Aziz

Sana Shahzad

Shahid Masood Raza

Long-term effects caused by organ damage due to covid-19 infection: A mini-review

COVID-19感染导致的器官损伤的长期影响：一项小型综述

Context: Clinical pharmacy services employ the pharmacotherapeutic expertise to ensure optimal patient outcomes and can improve the quality, safety and efficiency of care. 
Objective: The aim of the study is to measure the direct economic impact of pharmaceutical interventions issued during the analysis of prescriptions in a Moroccan medical emergency department. 
Method: The prospective study was conducted over a period of eight months in the Medical Emergency Department of Ibn sina University Hospital in Rabat, Morocco. 
The direct drug cost-savings were assessed from the point of view of the hospital center. 
Pharmaceutical Interventions (PI) with a potential direct economic impact were selected. The total direct drug cost-savings was calculated according to the hypothesis of a single day impacted. The ratio of cost-savings to induced costs was calculated as well as the return on investment. 
Results: Of the 304 pharmaceutical interventions, 113 were selected for economic impact assessment. Direct drug cost-savings during the study period was determined to be 926.51 USD in a single day impacted and a return on investment of 822.4% was found. Cost savings/induced costs ratio was 9.22. Dose adjustment saved 396.93 USD and treatment discontinuation saved 350.42 USD per one day impacted. 
Conclusion: A beneficial effect of having a clinical pharmacist involved in patient care in the emergency department was observed in our study, based on the number of accepted pharmacist interventions and the potential cost avoidance

Amal Mrani Alaoui

Naoufel Madani

Jihane Belayachi

Jamal Taoufik

Redouane Abouqal

Aicha Chaib

Direct economic impact of pharmacist’s interventions in emergency department: A prospective study in a lowermiddle income country

药师干预在急诊科的直接经济影响：一项针对中低收入国家的前瞻性研究

The new olanzapine depot formulation for intramuscular administration facilitates treatment adherence in schizophrenia. However, it has been associated with an uncommon but serious adverse effect referred to as post-injection syndrome, characterized by a series of symptoms consistent with olanzapine overdose. As a result, its use is limited and patients must be monitored for several hours after the injection. We report the first known case of post-injection syndrome at our hospital and its management.

Maria Magdalena Parera Pascual

Alejandra Mandilego Garcia

Júlia Rodriguez Martin

Beatriz Calderón Hernanz

Post-injection syndrome after olanzapine long-acting injection: A case report

奥氮平长效注射剂后注射综合征：一例报告

Introduction: Health education includes learning opportunities aimed at improving health literacy, including improving public knowledge and developing personal skills that lead to improved health. Health education is included in the portfolio of services of the Spanish Society of Primary Care Pharmacists (SEFAP) in the area of population planning and management. The «Know Your Medicines» workshop aims to train patients to learn about different aspects of the medications so they can participate in error prevention by improving safety and adherence. This workshop has been implemented and delivered for the first time in our health area by the Primary Care Pharmacists and the objective of the study is to describe the results obtained, so that we can guide and optimize our actions in the future. 
Method: Descriptive study of an intervention based on a validated project of health education with group methodology led by the Primary Care Pharmacists with the collaboration of nursing. The project developed by a multidisciplinary team consists of a technical paper and support materials to encourage participation. The activity is oriented to the patients to acquire knowledge and develop attitudes and skills that allow them to manage their medication safely and properly. Target population includes patients over 65 years of age polymedicated. Each workshop is held in three sessions of approximately 90 minutes. The methodology includes the following techniques: talk, round table talk, brainstorming, participatory lesson, group exercises and case analysis. Participants are given a six-question knowledge test before and after the activity to describe the degree of improvement, a satisfaction survey, and in the last session they are provided with an accreditation diploma. 
Results: 19 workshops have been conducted in 48% of the Health Centers in the Area (40) during the study period (January 2019-January 2020), with 195 patients at the first session of the workshop, with attendance decreasing in subsequent sessions. 
The second session lost 17% (No. = 33) and the last one 22% (No. = 43). The mean age was 75.8 years (SD: 7.07; CI: 74.8-76.78) and 58.6% were women. The overall assessment averaged 9.1 out of 10. Participants commented in the satisfaction survey 
that the activity was excellent, interesting and instructive. On the other hand, they indicated that they had learned more than they expected and that workshops should be repeated more often. It was noted that the workshop climate had been tolerant and participatory, and participants were happy and motivated to learn. The answers improved in the six pre-test questions versus the post-test. 
Discussion: The involvement of the Primary Care Pharmacists has been relevant 
for the implementation of these workshops in the Health Centers of the Area, and it has enabled the health education service line included in the portfolio of services. Workshops have helped improving the overall knowledge of patients related to drugs as all pre-test versus post-test questions have improved. Analysis of the degree of improvement according to the questions helps us to identify the starting level, the concepts that have become clearer, and on which issues we need to focus more. Regarding satisfaction we can say that participants expressed a high level of complacency indicating the need to repeat this activity

Blanca Basagoiti Carreño

Ana Díez Alcántara

María José Almodóvar Carretón

A. Gangoso Fermoso

Mª Carmen Herrero Domínguez-Berrueta

Antonio Martín Alonso

Eva Prieto Utiel

New role of primary care pharmacist in health education: Deployment and analysis of the workshop «know your medicines»

初级保健药剂师在健康教育中的新角色：《了解你的药物》研讨会的部署与分析

Purpose: To detect which intravenous (iv) drugs available in the hospital pharmacotherapy guide were photosensitive, to select those that should be protected during administration and to prepare information material for dissemination in the hospitalization units. In addition, to know the degree of compliance that professionals had before and after transmitting these recommendations. 
Method: Descriptive and cross-sectional study between April 2018 and October 2019 divided into three phases. In the first, all drugs administered iv were reviewed with the support of the technical file, information requested from the manufacturing laboratory, secondary and tertiary sources of information. In addition, a working group was set up to discuss the most relevant aspects and a list was drawn up of those drugs to be protected in the course of administration. By consensus, it was agreed to recommend the preservation of drugs with photoprotective bags during administration if the infusion time was greater than one hour and, furthermore, to use photoprotective administration systems if the perfusion rate was less than 15 milliliters/hour. In the second stage, patients with a prescription for one of the chosen photosensitive drugs were selected and their protection was analyzed before the dissemination of the information material. In the third and final step, patients with these photosensitives were detected again and their preservation was examined following the recommendations given. The comparison between the second and third phase is carried out through the statistical program SPSS version 23.0. 
Results: 168 active substances were analyzed and 23 were identified as photosensitive 
medicines requiring protection during administration. An analysis of the situation was carried out before distributing the information material. The departments with the highest number of photosensitive medicines prescribed were the critical patient units with 47.8%, the medical units with 35.4% and the surgical units with 16.8%. In addition, 74.3% of the drugs did not follow the recommendations for photoprotection, of which 47.6% were not photoprotected and 52.4% had inadequate photoprotection. Following the distribution of information, in critical patient units the percentage of correctly protected photosensitive medicines increased from 53.7% in the pre-distribution period to 56.4% in the post-distribution period, in medical departments from 0% to 50% and in surgical departments from 0% to 36.1%. 
Conclusion: A significant percentage of the medicines administered iv in our hospital must be protected from light either in conservation, reconstitution and/or administration to guarantee their effectiveness and safety. It is observed that photosensitive drugs are concentrated in critical patient units, where compliance is better but deficient. After the dissemination of the informative material, it is found that adequately protected drugs are increasing, which means an improvement in the safety of the use of drugs, although there is still a wide margin for enhancement

Publication Information	Publisher: Rsago Editorial, S. L.,，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2016，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

European Journal of Clinical Pharmacy

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