European Journal of Human Movement

The effect of head positioning is often not accounted for when optimising performance in the back squat exercise.The primary aim of the study was to identify the most advantageous head position for peak power (PP), peak velocity (PV) and peak force (PF) performance in the back squat exercise.A secondary aim was to identify the most favourable head position.Twenty male rugby union players performed 1x3 repetitions at 75% one repetition maximum (1RM) to determine their preferred pre-intervention head position, followed by 1x3 at 75% 1RM in a flexed (FP), extended (EP) and neutral (NP) neck position, performed in a counterbalanced and randomised order.PP, PV, PF and comfort level (CL) were measured during each repetition.FP resulted in significantly higher PP (3147.50 ± 464.70 W; p<0.05) compared to EP (2730 ± 427.83 W) and NP (2912.95± 441.16 W).However, NP resulted in significantly greater CL than FP and EP (3.65 ± 0.59; p<0.05).Therefore, when performing the back squat at 75% 1RM, the FP can be adopted to optimise power performance if there is no pain and no detriment to movement kinematics.

Christopher George Offley

European journal of human movement

Effects of head position on back squat power performance

头部位置对深蹲力量表现的影响

The purpose of the study was to compare physical characteristics and performance values between different playing positions in professional female team handball.Twenty-nine female handball players were categorized as centers (n=6), pivots (n=9), wings (n=8) or goalkeepers (n=16).Measurement of physical characteristics including body height and mass, body mass index; knee muscle strength, scores on the lower limb vertical power (vPower), lower and upper limb performance and trunk extension endurance were determined and compared across playing positions.The goalkeepers had higher knee strength as compared to pivots, wings, and centers (p<.001, ηp2>.20).Pivot players achieved higher vPower than wings, centers, and goalkeepers (p=.011, ηp2=.759).In addition, goalkeepers and wings achieved higher vPower than centers (p<.001, ηp2=.759).No significant differences were observed in trunk extension endurance and upper limb performance results according to playing positions (p>.05, ηp2<.20).The pivots and wings had better lower limb performance than goalkeepers and centers (p<.001, ηp2=.682-.701).The present study concludes that depending on their play positions, there are differences in terms of physical characteristics, knee muscle strength, vertical power, and lower extremity performance in elite female handball players.These results could help improve coaches' knowledge of elite female teams in the particular in the country where the study was conducted and in others of similar characteristics.

Bunyamin Haksever

The Anthropometric and Physical Performance Profiles of Female Handball Players: Influence of Playing Position

女子手球运动员的体型和体能表现特征：比赛位置的影响

The sub-discipline of motor learning frames understanding of skill performance and practice in sports, relevant for developing talent and enhancing expertise of athletes (Ribeiro et al., 2021). Research in this area has important implications for the professional support work of practitioners such as coaches, trainers and sport scientists (Woods et al., 2020). Ecological dynamics is a contemporary, transdisciplinary theory of motor learning, expertise and talent development in sport, which investigates dynamic person-environment interactions as the relevant scale of analysis for understanding human performance. Influenced and shaped by key ideas in biological, physical, social and anthropological sciences, an ecological perspective conceptualises athletes and sports teams as complex adaptive systems. An ecological perspective helps sport scientists to characterize the functional relationship that emerges from the continuous interactions of the individual athlete, task and environment, which is vital for understanding skill adaptation and talent development.

Keith Davids

Fabian

Martyn Rothwell

Adopting an ecological perspective on skill performance and learning in sport

采用生态视角探讨运动中的技能表现与学习

Prehypertension seems to be the precursor to hypertension, and using nonpharmacological methods such as tai chi, can reduce blood pressure and its dangerous consequences.Therefore, this study aimed to examine the effects of 8-form Yang-style tai chi on cardiovascular responses and stress reduction in prehypertensive subjects.Sixty prehypertensive men and women aged 25 to 54 years were selected by purposive sampling, and randomly assigned into two experimental groups (15 males and 15 females) and two control groups (15 males and 15 females).Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and resting heart rate were measured by digital sphygmomanometer and stress was measured using Markham mental pressure inventory.Then, the experimental groups completed tai chi training for 45 minutes, three days per week for 8 weeks, however, the control groups received no intervention.Twenty four hours after completing the training, the dependent variables were re-measured in the study groups.Factorial multivariate analysis of covariance was used for statistical analysis.The results showed that tai chi significantly decreased systolic blood pressure, resting heart rate, and stress in comparison with control group.Our study encourages and supports that a short style of tai chi is an effective way in improving cardiovascular responses and stress in prehypertensive individuals.

Touraj Hashemi Nosrat-abad

Effects of Tai chi on Cardiovascular Responses and Stress Reduction in Prehypertensive Subjects: A Randomized Clinical Trial

太极拳对血压前期受试者心血管反应和压力缓解的影响：一项随机临床试验

This study aimed to systematically review the current scientific literature on game-related statistics (GRS) that better discriminate between basketball winning and losing teams, and to identify the magnitude of the difference of the most frequently cited GRS between winning and losing teams via meta-analysis. A systematic search of the databases Web of Science, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, PubMed, Science Direct, Latindex, Scholar Google, and Scielo was performed. Keywords addressed discriminant analysis, game-related statistics, discriminant factors, determinant factors, game outcome, match analysis, winning and losing,and basketball. Data from 20 out of 533articles were eligible to be extracted. Structural Coefficients (SC)values were considered relevant for analysis when ≥0.32. Results indicated that defensive rebounds and assists were classified as good (SC ≥ 0.46) or very good (SC ≥ 0.56) discriminant factors. Both were the most frequently GRS cited as discriminant factors, regardless of location, phase of the competition, or opponent’s level. Based on these indicators, eight studies were included for meta-analysis.Meta-analyses showed that winning teams have at least six more defensive rebounds (95% CI = 4.22 -7.99; p &lt; 0.0001) and around four more assists than losing teams (95% CI = 3.14 -4.50; p &lt; 0.0001). Coaches should emphasize defensive rebounding and assisting drills intheir practice planning to improve the likelihood of winning games.

Sarah Cristina Canuto

Marcos Bezerra de Almeida

Determinants of Basketball Match Outcome Based on Game-related Statistics: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

基于比赛相关统计数据的篮球比赛结果决定因素：系统综述与元分析

This study aimed to analyze the differences between clusters obtained by the acute effect of fatigue after an ultra-endurance event in the internal and external load of cyclists. 26 volunteers participated in the study, and they were divided into the experimental group (N = 18; height: 177 ± 8 cm; body mass: 78.6 ± 10.3 kg) and the control group (N = 8; height: 176 ± 10 cm; body mass: 78.0 ± 15.7 kg). The experimental group completed a 12 h non-stop cycling event. Jump height, lactate, plasma antioxidant capacity, pain perception and fatigue perception were measured before and after the event. Cyclists of the experimental group were classified considering their training characteristics (recreational vs. competitive) and by conducting a non-supervised K-means clustering. The differentiation of cyclists according to training characteristics resulted in a lower distance covered by recreational than competitive cyclists (279.4 ± 39.7 km vs. 371.0 ± 71.7 km; ES ≥ 0.8; p &lt; 0.01), although no differences were observed in the remaining variables between groups (p &gt; 0.05). The clustering analysis provided two clusters. Cluster 2 suffered a greater jump height reduction (-3.3 ± 1.6 vs. 1.2 ± 0.8; ES ≥ 0.8; p &lt; 0.001) and increased pain and fatigue perception (ES ≥ 0.5; p &lt; 0.05) after the race than Cluster 1. In conclusion, counter-movement jump can differentiate the fatigue produced by a cycling ultra-endurance event and therefore, this non-invasive technique is useful in fatigue monitoring and recovery planification.

Jose Luis Sanchez-Jimenez

Clustering classification of cyclists according to the acute fatigue outcomes produced by an ultra-endurance event

根据超耐力赛事产生的急性疲劳结果对骑行者进行聚类分类

Soccer is mentally as well as physically fatiguing. Negative effects of isolated mental fatigue on soccer performance have been reported, however, it does not appear isolated in soccer. This study compared the effects of baseline, mental fatigue and combined mental and physical fatigue on soccer performance. Voluntarily, 18 male soccer practitioners (23.61 ± 4.12y) participated in six randomized and crossover sessions– two non-induced fatigue baseline (30 min. documentary), 2 isolated mental fatigue (30 min. Incongruent Stroop) and 2 combined physical and mental fatigue (30 min. Incongruent Stroop while cycling at 80-85% of the theoretical Maximum Heart Rate). The Visual Analogue Scale pre- and post- fatiguing protocol for mental fatigue, and the Questionnaire to Quantify Mental Load in Sports Team for mental load post-fatiguing protocol were collected. The Loughborough shooting and passing test were performed post- fatiguing protocols. Results revealed the combined protocol as the most mentally loading and fatiguing, showing significant differences when compared with isolated mental fatigue and baseline (p&lt;.001). Isolated mental fatigue was significantly more mentally loading (p&lt;.001) and fatiguing (p&lt;.001) that baseline. Significant impairments on soccer performance were observed after isolated mental fatigue and combined protocols in comparison with baseline (p&lt;.001). However, these impairments were significantly higher after combined than isolated mental fatigue (p&lt;.043). In conclusion, the presence of physical fatigue combined with mental fatigue exacerbates the negative effects that isolated mental fatigue causes on soccer performance.

Jesús Díaz-García

Physical fatigue exacerbates the negative effects of mental fatigue on soccer performance in practitioners

体力疲劳加剧心理疲劳对足球运动员表现的负面影响

Eduardo Cervelló

The tense or constricted mind

紧张或紧缩的心灵

We aimed to evaluate the effect of joint distraction exercises with elastic band as a warm-up method versus an only standard warm-up on lower-body maximal strength performance in male bodybuilders and to determine possible moderator variables affecting performance. In the study, seventeen male bodybuilders who met the inclusion criteria were evaluated. The bodybuilders performed two sets of four joint distraction exercises with 30 seconds of rest following the standardized warm-up versus the standardized warm-up only. The maximal strength performance of bodybuilders was measured with an interval of 96 hours. Joint distraction exercises with the elastic band following the standardized warm-up moderately increased lower-body maximal strength performance of the bodybuilders (p = 0.00; Cohen’d = 0.45, 95%CI = 0.30-0.60). In addition, age (p = 0.34, β = 0.03), height (p = 0.92, β = 0.00), body weight (p = 0.61, β = 0.00), training experience (p = 0.66, β = -0.02) and body mass index (p = 0.55, β = 0.01) were not moderator variables for this training method. Our study showed that joint distraction exercises with elastic bands could acutely improve lower-body maximal strength performance in male bodybuilders regardless of anthropometric characteristics. Practitioners and coaches may prefer this training method before strength training to increase the strength performance of their athletes.

Erhan Toprak Çağlın

Effect of joint distraction exercises with elastic band during warm-up on maximum strength performance in male bodybuilders: A cross-sectional study

热身期间使用弹力带进行关节牵拉练习对男性健美运动员最大力量表现的影响：一项横断面研究

This study retrospectively examined 182 high school student-athlete women aged 13-18 using Fletcher and colleagues' (2005, 2006) stress, emotion, and performance model to evaluate the impact of coping on engagement in both sports and academic settings. Additionally, the transfer of coping from sport to study was studied, with sports task-oriented coping acting as a moderator. Results indicated that in sports, stress was positively associated with emotional coping and negatively with engagement, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. In the academic setting, stress was positively correlated with distancing coping, and task-oriented coping positively with engagement. Emotional coping and task-oriented coping both served as mediators, and sports task-oriented coping moderated academic stress and task-oriented coping. The findings support the processual model of stress and suggest that task-oriented coping should be encouraged and emotion-oriented coping should be avoided in both sports and academic settings. Furthermore, sport task-oriented coping was shown to transfer to the academic setting, as academic task-oriented coping decreased when sport task-oriented coping was below a certain threshold. Thus, it may be concluded that coping is a life skill that facilitates engagement in activities and may be transferred from sport to study in this sample of female student-athletes.

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	0.32
Quartiles(Global)	SPORT SCIENCES(Q4)

Publication Information	Publisher: Miguel Hernandez University，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2019，Proportion of original research papers: 80.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 49.15%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：5 Weeks

European Journal of Human Movement

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