Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea

A model of ecological safety of a recreation object has been developed that allows linking the volume and quality of recreational services with the risk of contamination of the marine environment by the by-products of the recreation process and in particular, by the waste water of the facility. The model combined the economic system of profit-making and the ecological system of control over the ecological state of coastal marine environment through management of an ecological safety resource. As an ecological safety resource, the value of risk of infecting a vacationer with various diseases associated with specific types of pollution has been considered. It is assumed that this risk is proportional to the rate of increase in the concentration of pollution entering the marine environment during delivery of services, and inversely proportional to the rate of decrease in this concentration due to self-cleaning of the environment and/or environmental measures. An increase in the concentration of pollution compared to the stationary (background) value meant the consumption of an environmental resource and a corresponding increase in the risk of infection of vacationers. The model is based on the concept of an environmentally safe stationary state of the marine ecosystem, in which these rates are equal and the risk of infection of vacationers with bacterial, viral and other types of infection is absent. The volume of production of recreational services depended on the value of the ecological safety index, which determined the integral speed balance. This index was equal to one when the risk of infection was absent and exponentially decreased with the growth of this imbalance. Thus, the size of the risk of infection of the object's ecosystem depended on the intensity of its work. The equations of the model are constructed by the method of adaptive balance of causes, which include logical control agents that make local decisions. In computational experiments on the example of Sevastopol Bay, scenarios for the volume of recreational services, the level of marine pollution, penalties for pollution, and integral volumes of consumption and reproduction of an environmental resource are constructed. The conclusion is made about the usefulness of such models for monitoring the level of environmental safety of a recreation facility.

I. E. Timchenko

E. M. Igumnova

A. S. Beskorovayny

Ekologicheskaya bezopasnost pribrezhnoy i shel fovoy zon morya

Ecological Safety and Economic Profitability of a Recreation Object in the Coast – Sea System

海岸-海洋系统中休闲设施的生态安全与经济效益

The paper deals with assessing an impact of wind climate change on the wind energy potential of the Azov and Black Sea coast region. A lower estimate of operating time for wind power installation and a potential annual energy output for the region are given for the case of Vestas V117-4.2MW. Calculation has been performed of a long-term mean wind speed for two adjacent climatic periods (1954–1983 and 1984–2013) based on data from meteorological stations of the Black and Azov Sea region. The results show a decrease in wind speed at all meteorological stations except for Novorossiysk. The wind climate change is confirmed by comparing two adjoined 30-year periods and by estimating linear trends of the mean annual wind speed for the period 1954–2013, which are negative and significant for almost all meteorological stations in the region (α = 1 %). The trend values were estimated by the nonparametric method of robust linear smoothing using the Theil – Sen function. In the present study, the uncertainty of wind energy resource induced by a gradual wind climate change is estimated for perspective planning of this branch of energy sector. Despite the observed trends in the wind regime, average wind speeds in the Azov and Black Sea region are sufficient for planning the location of wind power plants.

V. P. Evstigneev

N. A. Lemeshko

V. A. Naumova

M. P. Evstigneev

Climate Change Induced Uncertainty of Wind Energy Potential for the Azov and Black Seas Coastal Zone

气候变化对亚速海和黑海沿海地区风能潜力不确定性的影响

One of the largest rivers in Europe is the navigable Dniester. Today, it is extremely insufficiently used in the water transport system of Ukraine. In addition, it is the main river on the territory of Moldova and can be actively used for transport needs. The purpose of the study is an analytical characteristic of the navigation value of the Dniester. The main content of the analysis was reduced to graphic constructions: the location and planned location of courses, plotting optimal depths on the plan, drawing up morphometric profiles of river courses, etc. A navigation map of the Dniester estuary was built with a standard grid of depths, which were brought to the normal water level. The article also uses data on the natural conditions of the Dniester River based on research data obtained in the 1970s. The comparison of straight and curvilinear courses is carried out, the navigational importance of the Dniester estuary is studied. Recommendations for supporting favorable navigation conditions in the Dniester and in the estuary are determined. It is shown that within the lower course of the Dniester the greatest depths are found in straightened (7.4 m versus 5.8 m) parts. Minimum depths of 2–3 m are generally close to the banks, and maximum depths of 10–12 m are found in the middle parts of the course where they generally coincide with the midstream. Such depths facilitate movement of small and medium-sized river vessels. Recommendations for the updated navigation options for the state of the Dniester River and Dniester estuary are given. It is concluded that in case of resumption of navigation in the Dniester and Dniester estuary Ukraine will receive significant economic benefits.

Yu. D. Shuisky

Natural Conditions of the Dniester River in its Lower Current

德涅斯特河下游的自然条件

The paper studies the ecosystem of the Eastern Sivash in the context of natural and anthropogenic influence. The data collected during the expedition of the Azov-Black Sea Branch of the FSBSI “VNIRO” conducted in early summer 2020 were used as original empirical evidence. Specific features of hydrological and hydrochemical conditions, as well as species composition, distribution, and abundance of ichthyoplankton were indicated. It was shown that the values of pH, nitrates, nitrites, and phosphates did not exceed MPCs established for fishery water bodies within the entire water area under study; the range of dissolved oxygen content was wide: 3.63–9.13 mg/dm3 . By comparison of the environmental status of the biocoenoses during early summer 2020 with the data collected during a similar survey in 2019, it was found that the water temperature at site 4 is lower by 1.9–2.7 °C. Further salinization of the Sivash was recorded: the lowest salinity in 2019 ranged within 32–38 ‰ and the highest one ranged within 83–86 ‰; in 2020, these values were 36–43 ‰ and 91–97 ‰, respectively. In terms of spatial distribution, the range of the increase in salinity was 4.36–16.69 ‰, with the highest value being recorded at site 2 (11.51–16.69 ‰) and the eastern part of site 3 (13.22 ‰). To a lesser extent (by 4.36–6.26 ‰), an increase in salinity was recorded at site 4 and the western part (5.27 ‰) of site 3. The results of plankton net surveys showed that ichthyoplankton was represented almost exclusively by larvae of big-scale send smelt, which had the densest distribution at site 1 at a salinity of 89 ‰, and on the border between sites 2 and 3 at a salinity of 74 ‰. The upper limit of salinity at which this fish reproduction is possible lies within the range 75–90 ‰. The absence of so-iuy mullet eggs and juveniles at a salinity higher than 32–36 ‰ in May – June of 2019–2020 during the peak of so-iuy mullet spawning does not provide a reason to include the Sivash Bay among the Azov Sea areas important for reproduction of this fish species

R. V. Borovskaya

S. S. Zhugaylo

D. O. Krivoguz

V. A. Shlyakhov

Ecological State of the Eastern Sivash Waters in Early Summer of 2020

2020年初夏东锡瓦什水域的生态状况

This paper is devoted to computational modelling of tsunami wave propagation and runup to the shore for some points on the Russian, Turkish, Bulgarian and Ukrainian coasts of the Black Sea. The nonlinear long wave model was used to solve the problem of wave propagation from hydrodynamic tsunami sources, which can constitute the greatest potential danger for the studied coast areas. The hydrodynamic sources were set in the form of an elliptical elevation, the parameters of which were chosen according to the sea level response to an underwater earthquake of magnitude 7. All the sources were located in seismically active areas, where tsunamigenic earthquakes had already occurred, along the 1500 m isobath. Near each of the studied points in the area above 300 m depths, we calculated marigrams, i.e. time-series of sea level fluctuations caused by the passage of waves. Then, a one-dimensional problem of tsunami propagation and run-up on the coast was solved for each of the points under study, where the obtained marigrams were used as boundary conditions. Peculiarities of tsunami wave propagation have been shown depending on the bottom and land relief in the studied areas of the Black Sea. Estimates have been obtained of the sea level maximum rise and fall during surge and subsequent coastal drainage for the characteristic scales of relief irregularity at different points. For possible tsunamigenic earthquakes, the largest splashes may occur in the region of Yalta (2.15 m), Cide (1.9 m), Sevastopol (1.4 m), and Anapa (1.4 m). Tsunami propagation in the Feodosiya and Varna coastal areas is qualitatively similar, with maximum wave heights of 0.64 m and 0.46 m, respectively. The coastlines of Evpatoriya (0.33 m) and Odessa (0.26 m) are least affected by tsunami waves due to the extended shelf.

A. Yu. Belokon

Estimates of Amplitude Characteristics of Tsunami Wave Run-Up in Various Areas of the Black Sea Coast

黑海沿岸不同区域海啸波爬高幅度特征估算

УД К 5 5 1 .43 5 .3 6 +6 2 7. 5 2 1 ( 2 65 ) DO I : 1 0 . 2 2 4 4 9/ 2 4 1 3 -5 5 7 7 -2 0 2 2

Yu. N. Goryachkin

T. V. Efremova

Anthropogenic Impact on the Lithodynamics of the Black Sea Coastal Zone of the Crimean Peninsula

人为影响对克里米亚半岛黑海沿岸带岩土动力学的影响

Yu. S. Kurinnaya

K. I. Gurov

I. A. Zabegaev

N. A. Orekhova

Redox Conditions and Characteristics of Bottom Sediments in the Bays of the Sevastopol Region

塞瓦斯托波尔地区海湾底部沉积物的氧化还原条件及特征

У Д К 5 0 4 +5 5 1. 4 6 5 DO I : 1 0 . 2 2 4 4 9/ 2 4 1 3 -5 5 7 7 -2 0 2 2 -1 -3 1 -4 1 Структура полей океанологических величин в зоне апвеллинга у Гераклейского полуострова (Крым)в августе 2019 года П. Д.

P. D. Lomakin

A. I. Chepyzhenko

The Structure of Fields of Oceanological Quantities in the Upwelling Zone at the Herakleian Peninsula (Crimea) in August 2019

2019年8月黑海赫拉克勒斯半岛上升流区海洋学量场的结构

У Д К 5 0 4. 4 2 3 :5 0 4 .4 .0 5 4 DO I: 1 0. 2 2 4 4 9/ 2 4 1 3 -5 5 7 7 -2 0 2 2 -1 -5 5 -6 5 Оценка способности взвесей Азовского моря концентрировать тяжелые металлы М. В. БуфетоваРоссийский государственный геологоразведочный университет имени Серго Орджоникидзе (МГРИ), Москва, Россия e-mail:

M. V. Bufetova

Assessment of the Ability of Suspended Matter in the Sea of Azov to Concentrate Heavy Metals

评估亚速海悬浮物对重金属的富集能力

VIII МЕЖДУНАРОДНОЙ КОНФЕРЕНЦИИ «СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ РЫБОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННЫЕ И ЭКОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ПРОБЛЕМЫ АЗОВО-ЧЕРНОМОРСКОГО РЕГИОНА»г

G. E. Gus'kov

N. A. Zherdev

D. A. Bukhmin

New and Rare Fish Species off the Northern Shore of the Black Sea and Anthropogenic Factors Affecting their Penetration and Naturalization (Review)

黑海北部海岸新奇鱼类物种及影响其渗透与自然化的人为因素（综述）

出版信息	出版商: Marine Hydrophysical Institute of RAS，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2019，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:

Ecological Safety of Coastal and Shelf Zones of Sea

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