Agricultural and Resource Economics

Purpose. The purpose of the research is a comparative assessment of the state of data availability for planning the economic activity of agricultural enterprises, as well as the development of a model for increasing data availability based on the established correlation between socio-economic factors of internal and external influence of agricultural enterprises and readiness to disclose information when receiving consulting services.&#x0D; Methodology / approach. The study is based on the results of a survey of agricultural enterprises’ (farms’) managers, collected based on a random sampling, the volume of which satisfies the requirements of representativeness. The results of the research made it possible to conduct a correlation analysis of the dependence model for increasing data availability based on the established correlation between socio-economic factors of internal and external influence of agricultural enterprises and readiness to disclose information when receiving consulting services. The obtained results of the analysis made it possible to confirm the research hypotheses and obtain answers to several research questions.&#x0D; Results. The study reveals several dependencies and trends in the formation of openness and availability of data at agricultural enterprises (farms) for the implementation of economic activity planning by third-party consultants/experts. A strong direct connection was established between the unwillingness of enterprises to share management accounting data with third-party experts precisely because of the lack of practice of collecting such data, and not because of privacy concerns or negative past experiences. It was established that at enterprises characterized by a low level of openness to the dissemination of management accounting data, planning work is conducted directly by managers without qualified support of experts or planning is not conducted at all. The results suggest a number of solutions to ensure better access to the data needed for effective planning.&#x0D; Originality / scientific novelty. The study concerns the problems of data availability at agricultural enterprises (farms) for the implementation of planning of economic activities by external consultants/experts and uses the method of correlation analysis to establish relationships between variables of the model. The data collection paradigm of agricultural enterprises for planning their activities has been developed. For the first time, the relationship between a number of socio-economic factors and the openness of agricultural enterprises and farms to management consulting was established.&#x0D; Practical value / implications. The study formulates a number of proposals for improving the data availability at agricultural enterprises (farms) for the implementation of economic activity planning by third-party consultants/experts, which can be used by regional and state development agencies; state and private scientific institutions; governmental and non-governmental organizations; product manufacturers; legislators, etc., when developing support programs for agricultural producers to motivate them to use more effective planning tools, as well as when determining areas of activity for the regional advisory centers, taking into account the priority tasks in the sphere of planning data collection and analysis at agricultural enterprises and farms. Further studies of the data availability for planning the economic activity of agricultural enterprises are possible on the basis of the current study.

Olena Shebanina

Anna Burkovska

Vadym Petrenko

Alla Burkovska

Agricultural and Resource Economics International Scientific E-Journal

Economic planning at agricultural enterprises: Ukrainian experience of increasing the availability of data in the context of food security

农业企业经济规划：乌克兰在粮食安全背景下提高数据可及性的经验

Purpose. The article aims to identify the relationship between migration (in the context of two channels – (1) human resource outflows and (2) remittance inflow) in rural areas and the economic development; justification of measures of preserving rural human resources in rural areas in Ukraine.&#x0D; Methodology / approach. The methodological tools of the study are the construction of lag econometric models that allow identifying the influence of migration flows on key parameters of economic development, as well as the calculation of elasticity coefficients.&#x0D; Results. It is determined that high international migration in Ukraine, especially from territories with a lower quality of life, remote from regional centers, leads to increase human resource outflow in rural areas, which accelerates the rate of their socio-economic degradation and extinction, respectively, does not contribute to balanced spatial development. The positive impact of migration on economic development has been identified, in particular, migration contributes to improving the financial well-being of households, is an instrument for accumulating investment capital and savings, developing small businesses, and enhancing financial inclusion. It is proved that to preserve the human resources of rural areas in Ukraine, it is necessary to implement a proactive policy aimed at balancing the labour market of communities, simplifying the principles of conducting and reducing the risks of small business, increasing the young re-emigration, improving investment capital, increasing the competitiveness of the educational sphere at the local level.&#x0D; Originality / scientific novelty. A new scientific and methodological approach to assessing the dependence of the parameters of development of rural areas on migration processes due to two channels – human resources and remittance has been developed, complementary analysis of which makes it possible to identify the complex impact of migration on the socio-economic development of territories, optimal and critical volumes of migration according to various structural characteristics, migration gaps in the development of the economic system and social spheres of rural areas depending on the level of migration activity and the effectiveness of using the potential of remittance.&#x0D; Practical value / implications. The practical significance of the research results lies in the development of tools for forecasting and planning the state policy of preserving human resources of rural areas in Ukraine, depending on migration aspirations and the purposefulness of remittance.

Olha Mulska

Taras Vasyltsiv

Nataliia Mitsenko

Uliana Ivaniuk

Aneta Lekh-Debera

Conservation of rural human resources in Ukraine: modelling the relationship between migration and economic development

乌克兰农村人力资源保护：迁移与经济发展关系的建模

Purpose. The study purpose is to determine the aspects for improving the fiscal toolkit as an economic lever for regulating agricultural land use with the optimized approach to the selection of areas of introduction of the low-carbon development for the formation of organizational and economic management conditions towards the ensuring of restoration and preservation of agricultural resource potential.&#x0D; Methodology / approach. In this work, we used the following research methods: monographic, statistical analysis, graphic, correlation and regression analysis. The national and international documents of legal framework for regulating the processes of agricultural land use, materials of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine were used.&#x0D; Results. Based on the ecological and economic efficiency analysis of agricultural land use, the priority of obtaining profits in contrast to the problems of the restoration and preservation of the agricultural resource potential was demonstrated, thanks to which Ukraine took the lead in many commodity crops export. The soil fertility decline is a reason of formed threat to agroecological and food security. Based on the assessment of the nitrogen balance flows, the amount of removal of nutrients from the soil cover was estimated.&#x0D; Originality / scientific novelty. The expediency of using an improved tax instrument for land use as an economic lever for the formation of organizational and economic conditions of management with a focus on the introduction of the principles of the green economy is substantiated. This improvement consists in the correction factor proposed for the first time to the calculated volumes of tax collections. This coefficient allows taking into account the characteristics of the land use effectiveness in combination with the coefficients of carbon stock changes of the internationally recognized methodology UN Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Based on the improvement of the target agroecological zoning approach (on the example of the Odesa region), an approach to establishing the priority of land plots from the point of view of the perspective of introducing low-carbon land use is proposed.&#x0D; Practical value / implications. The proposed approach opens the possibility to optimize efforts to introduce low-carbon land use and therefore to restore and preserve agro-resource potential. The national crop production competitiveness is ensured by this. Therefore, this approach can be taken as a basis for the introduction of the latest green economy tools for the agricultural land use sector at the level of territorial communities.

Oksana Butrym

Dmytro Zaruba

Tetіana Yehorova

Liudmyla Hranovska

Oleksander Shablia

The role of fiscal instruments in the implementation of low-carbon agriculture

财政工具在低碳农业实施中的作用

Purpose. The purpose of the research paper is determining the effect of information and communication technologies (ICTs) on the agricultural enterprises performance in Ukraine by studying the dependence of the performance of agricultural enterprises on the activity of their digital solutions implementation.&#x0D; Methodology / approach. The effect of ICTs on the performance of agricultural enterprises is studied using the methods of average and relative values, dynamic analysis – in determining the trends in the development of enterprises of the ICT segment and the activity of implementation of digital solutions by agricultural enterprises in their practice; correlation analysis – in studying the dependence of the performance of agricultural enterprises on the activity of digital solutions implementation.&#x0D; Results. The dependence of the performance of agricultural enterprises on the activity of their implementation of digital solutions is determined. A direct link between the volume of activities of enterprises operating in the ICT segment and the investments of agricultural enterprises in software is established. It has been determined that the activity of agricultural enterprises in terms of investments in software has a positive effect on their activities results, causing an increase in the volume of sold products, added value and labour productivity. A direct but weak effect of software investments on the cost efficiency of current and environmental activities has been diagnosed. A feedback relationship has been established between the investments made by agricultural enterprises in the acquisition of software and the profitability of their operating activities, which is increasing with taking into account the time lag. &#x0D; Originality / scientific novelty. The article provides empirical evidence of the dependence of agricultural enterprises activity indices on ICT segment enterprises development. The dependence of the results of agricultural enterprises activity on the activity of their digital solutions implementation was investigated with and without taking into account the time lag. The scientific and methodological foundations for assessing the impact of ICT on the performance of enterprises have been improved, in particular by allocating indicators for this assessment by stages of research.&#x0D; Practical value / significance. The results of the study can be used in the decision-making process regarding the digital transformation of agricultural enterprises through the implementation of ICT.

Viktoriia Hrosul

Olena Kruhlova

Alina Kolesnyk

Digitalization of the agricultural sector: the impact of ICT on the development of enterprises in Ukraine

农业部门的数字化：ICT对乌克兰企业发展的影响

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to identify the determinants of the financial performance of agricultural companies in Ukraine in the pre-war period.&#x0D; Methodology / approach. Panel data regression analysis, carried out using the GRETL software, was used as a research method. The financial statements of thirty Ukrainian agricultural companies over the defined period 2015–2021 were selected to be data for analysis. Three models were constructed in the article based on the use of three different dependent variables (Return on Assets, Return on Equity, Return on Sales) and seven independent variables (Current Ratio, Capital Intensity, Export Intensity, Leverage, Size, Dummy variable for agricultural sub-sectors, Dummy variable for location). The selection of the mentioned independent variables was logically substantiated by the structure of the financial reports of the Ukrainian agricultural companies and analytical system “You Control”.&#x0D; Results. The study of the determinants of financial performance of the agricultural companies is a widespread area of research among academicians, however, is characterized by quite controversial results. Some of these conclusions were refuted, but certain results were confirmed on the example of Ukrainian enterprises. The results of the panel regression analysis with respect to Models 1-3, partially are in contradiction with the conclusions of other studies regarding the impact of the determinants on the financial performance of agricultural companies. None of the chosen independent variables has a significant effect on all the dependent variables as investigated in the article, namely ROA, ROE, and ROS. This confirms the formulated in the study hypothesis regarding the availability of a unique set of financial performance determinants for agricultural enterprises for each individual country. The independent variables used in the study have the most significant impact on ROA. Primarily, ROA is significantly affected by CAPI (5 % level), EXPI (10 % level), and DVL (5 % level). The results obtained confirm a need for improving regional support and ensuring an access to capital for agricultural enterprises in Ukraine.&#x0D; Originality / scientific novelty. The originality of the conducted research lies in the study of a set of factors that influenced the financial condition of Ukrainian agrarian companies in the pre-war period, considering the peculiarities of the Ukrainian agrarian sector of the economy.&#x0D; Practical value / implications. Investors and financial institutions can benefit from the research results. By recognizing which factors have the most significant impact on financial performance, they can make more informed decisions when considering investments in Ukrainian agricultural companies. Understanding which factors influence financial performance can help in risk management for both agricultural companies and financial institutions.

Serhii Lehenchuk

Alina Raboshuk

Iryna Zhyhlei

Dmytro Zakharov

Lidiia Fedoryshyna

Financial performance determinants of Ukrainian agricultural companies in the pre-war period

乌克兰农业企业在战前时期的财务绩效决定因素

Purpose. The study aims to examine the effect of non-farm employment decisions on the adoption decision of rice hybrid seeds or improved variety in Vietnam. Methodology / approach. This study uses panel data from the Vietnam Access to Resources Household Survey (VARHS) 2008–2016 dataset. The study uses the correlated random effect Probit model with the Mundlak approach to control unobserved heterogeneity of panel data and the endogenous switching Probit model (ESPM) to solve the endogeneity problem and self-selection of the non-farm participation variable. Results. There has been increasing interest that the development of rural non-farm employment has effects on agricultural production as well as agricultural growth. However, still relatively poor understanding of how non-farm participation affects the farmers’ decision to adopt modern technologies in the face of market failure. Our findings indicate that non-farm employment has a positive effect on the adoption of rice hybrid seeds or improved varieties in Vietnam. The value ATT is predicted from the endogenous switching Probit model, which implies that farm households who engage in non-farm employment had a 35.1 % of probability of modern varieties adoption, vs. 19.0 % in the sample overall. Originality / scientific novelty. This study adds evidence from a developing country (using the example of Vietnam) to the broader literature on the role of non-farm employment participation on farmers’ adoption behaviour under market imperfections. In addition, the research addresses the limitations of unobserved heterogeneity of an unbalanced panel by applying the Mundlak approach and contributes to the literature by controlling the endogenous problem and self-selection problem of non-farm participation by using the endogenous switching Probit model. Practical value / implications. Based on the empirical results of this paper, some policy implications are provided to develop the rural non-farm sector and to diffuse modern technologies among rural farmers.

Hang Thi Thuy Nguyen

Pham Xuan Hung

Phuong Nu Minh Le

Does non-farm employment influence a farmer’s decision to adopt hybrid rice seeds or improved variety?

非农就业是否影响农民采用杂交稻种或改良品种的决策？

Purpose. The research aims to study the effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on aggregate agricultural production and agricultural production per subsector, where the agricultural sector is divided into five subsectors, namely food crops, horticulture, plantations, livestock and fisheries. Methodology / approach. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method is applied in this work. Using ARDL equations with restricted test cointegration, it generates both short-term and long-term models simultaneously. The analysis moves on to estimate the long-term and short-term models of (i) the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on total agricultural production and (ii) the impact of the pandemic on agricultural production per subsector. Results. In general, the Covid-19 pandemic had a negative but insignificant effect on Indonesia’s agricultural production. The effect of the Covid-19 pandemic on agricultural production (GDP) varies significantly from one subsector to another. The negative effect was in the food crops, horticulture and fisheries subsectors, but this negative effect was significant only for food crops. The pandemic had a positive effect on the plantation crops and livestock subsectors, but the positive effect was significant only for the livestock subsector. Based on the Error Correction Term (ECT) value, the speed of agricultural subsectors to return to long-run equilibrium is not the same. Originality / scientific novelty. Until now, research on the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on agriculture has been based on the assumption that the agricultural sector is a homogeneous system. This study examines the agricultural sector by decomposing it into subsectors including food crops, horticulture, plantations, livestock, and fisheries. The results show that each subsector responds differently to shocks (due to the Covid-19 pandemic). As far as we can observe, this study is the first to decompose subsectors for Indonesia. In addition, studies related to the influence of the Covid-19 pandemic on agriculture using a dynamic econometric approach (using time series data) are still limited. Practical value / implications. The Covid-19 pandemic had an impact on production due to an increased unemployment and decreased purchasing power, which reduced demand for products from the food crops, horticulture, and livestock subsector, which in turn caused a decrease in production. Research results help the government in determining the best course of action to support the food crops, horticulture, and fisheries subsectors in the event that the Covid-19 pandemic creates unfavourable conditions. Future research proposals include: (i) a study of how the production function in the agricultural subsector can be used to estimate production in the event of unforeseen circumstances like the Covid-19 pandemic or an economic downturn; and (ii) a study of how the type of fiscal stimulus affects production in agricultural subsectors to determine the type of assistance based on the dominance of subsectors in a particular region.

Surya Abadi Sembiring

Jongkers Tampubolon

Impact of Covid-19 pandemic on Indonesia’s agricultural subsectors: an ARDL approach

新冠疫情对印度尼西亚农业子部门的影响：ARDL方法

Purpose. The main purpose of this research is to assess the factors affecting the gross agricultural products in Azerbaijan in the short and long term. Methodology / approach. This study uses an Autoregressive Distributional Lag (ARDL) model to analyse the relationship between gross agricultural output and total government expenditure on agriculture, the volume of credit used in agriculture, direct investment in fixed assets in agriculture, and the country’s net agricultural exports. In our study, unlike most existing research, the variables are integrated in the second order, which increases the importance of this study. Results. The results of the study indicate that, despite the “crowding in” effect created by the state budget expenditures as the main factor in the short term, the effect on the growth of gross agricultural products in the long term is not so important. Credit resources and net exports have a negative effect in this relationship. In the long term, investment in fixed capital is a crucial factor in the growth of production. In general, the positive balance of net exports is a “mirror” reflection of investments, especially innovation-oriented investments. Considering that the predominance of imports in the total demand for agricultural products significantly reduces the multiplier effect that can occur in the field in general, it minimises the multiplier effect of the total expenditure. From this point of view, foreign investments can play an important role in creating a positive balance in the trade balance of agriculture. Originality / scientific novelty. The scientific value of the research is the selection of main factors as direct contributions to the growth of the gross agricultural products and their effects. Through the ARDL program, we determined what factors are short-term and which are long-term, and we analysed the causes and consequences of these dependencies and put forward relevant proposals. Practical value / implications. The practical value of the research lies in the given proposals that can directly affect the net export of agricultural products and create positive changes in its balance. Because, massive investments, especially foreign investments, can modernise the rural economy in a short period of time and, accordingly, not only increase the competitiveness of its products in foreign markets, but also raise the level of self-sufficiency.

Maharram Huseynov

Elchin Salahov

Rafiga Niftaliyeva

Impact of short- and long-term factors on the growth of gross agricultural products in Azerbaijan: ARDL analysis

阿塞拜疆农业总产值增长的短期与长期因素影响：ARDL分析

Purpose. The purpose of this study is the development of the methodological approach for estimation the impact of agri-food exports on the monetary sphere of Ukraine in order to substantiate the prospective directions of the export potential of agricultural products as the factor in ensuring the currency security of Ukraine. Methodology / approach. The following methods were used: literature review in determining the main trends in the export of agricultural products based on the analysis of publications; economic and statistical analysis to assess the impact of key factors on the formation of the export potential of agricultural products and its impact on exchange rate formation; ARDL modelling, Dickey-Fuller, and Engle-Granger tests to estimate the impact of different factors on exchange rate changes. Results. The paper highlights the immediate and delayed influence of selected factors on the dynamics of the exchange rate in Ukraine, showing that the export of food products and raw materials for their production can significantly strengthen the national currency in the long-run. The continuous growth in food exports contributes to a slower appreciation of the exchange rate, which ultimately leads to a stronger national currency. Therefore, the strategy of focusing on increasing food exports can play a vital role in bolstering the Ukrainian currency in the long-run by exerting a positive influence on the exchange rate dynamics and contributing to the overall economic stability. Originality / scientific novelty. The study contributes to the understanding of the complex interplay between war, food security, and economic stability. The novelty implies the ARDL model of the influence of agricultural exports on the currency and exchange rate sphere of the Ukrainian economy. Additionally, the analysis adds new dimension to the discussion on the strategic importance of the agricultural sector for foreign exchange reserves and currency accumulation. Practical value / implications. The practical value is that understanding the relationship between export volumes, global prices, and exchange rate movements can help in predicting and managing currency fluctuations more effectively. By identifying the time frames for the return of exchange rate shocks to their long-term equilibrium and the impact of various factors on currency valuation, the study aims policy-making processes at ensuring currency security for the state.

Victoria Kovalenko

Sergii Sheludko

Valentyna Aranchyi

Valentyna Chumak

Olga Doroshenko

Export of agricultural products as a determinant of currency security of Ukrainian economy

农产品出口作为乌克兰经济货币安全决定因素

Purpose. This research aims to examine the factors that influence the rationality and income of soybean farmers, especially in rain fed field agroecosystems. Methodology / approach. The research was designed quantitatively with a type of survey on 263 soybean farmers from a total population of 768 farmers spread across Jatiwaras and Pancatengah subdistricts, Tasikmalaya Regency, which is one of the centres for soybean development in West Java, Indonesia. The determination of the farmer sample was carried out proportionally randomly using the Slovin formula with an error rate of 5 %. The data analysed is primary data obtained directly from farmers using a questionnaire with a Likert scale consisting of 5 answer choices. The analytical tool used is Structural Equation Model (SEM) with AMOS to determine the influence between variables. Results. The research results show that: (1) Farmer characteristics have a significant positive relationship with farmer motivation. These characteristics are a strong driving force to increase their motivation in soybean farming to be even better in an effort to increase their income; (2) Farmer characteristics have a significant positive effect on farmer rationality. The older the age, the higher the education, and the greater the burden of responsibility borne by the farmers’ family, the more rational they consider soybean cultivation to be, which means that they will be more cautious in growing soybeans to minimise the risk of losses they may incur; (3) Farmer motivation has a significant positive effect on farmer rationality. The stronger farmers’ motivation in soybeans farming, the more rational it makes them in thinking about farming as well as possible; (4) Farmer rationality has a significant positive effect on income. The more rational the thinking of farmers in soybean farming, in the sense that they can effectively use social networks, efficiently grow soybeans and adopt technology, the more they can increase production, which ultimately increases income. Originality / scientific novelty. This study focuses more on the rationality of smallholder farmers in Indonesia, who have many structural disadvantages, such as limited land ownership, average age of farmers, low education level and many family responsibilities, which are constraints to soybean farming; how smallholder farmers are related to motivation in soybean farming and whether this farmers’ rationality can increase their income, while several previous studies only discussed farmers’ rationality without considering socioeconomic factors, especially smallholder farmers. Practical value / implications. This research provides evidence that there is a relationship between farmer characteristics and motivation which has a significant effect on farmer rationality so that in the end it can increase income. The results of this research have implications for government policies in efforts to increase farmers’ income by increasing their capacity through intensive and sustainable agricultural extension activities. The existence of more intensive and sustainable agricultural extension activities can increase the knowledge and insight of small farmers in soybean farming, which in turn can motivate farmers to think and act more rationally so that they can better optimise all the resources they have.

Abbreviation	Agric. resour. econ.
Journal Impact	1.26
Quartiles(Global)	ECONOMICS(Q3)

Publication Information	Publisher: Institute of Eastern European Research and Consulting，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2019，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：7 Weeks

Agricultural and Resource Economics

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