Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering

The objective of this study was to investigate the removal of lead from aqueous solutions using Lignin-containing cellulose (LCNF) as natural adsorbent and advanced material in the batch system. The water sources contaminated with heavy metals, such as lead, have now become one of the major issues in the world due to non-degradability and huge adverse effects on the health of living organisms. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the physical, chemical, and structural properties of LCNFs. The parameters measured in the batch system included pH (4-9), adsorbent dosage (0.1-1 g), contact time (15-120 minutes), initial lead concentration (10-50 mg/L), and temperature (15-40°C). The data for each treatment were statistically studied by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan’s test. Based on the results, the optimal parameters were determined to be initial lead concentration of 10 mg/L, pH of 6, and adsorbent dosage of 0.3 g/L. The highest lead removal efficiency was achieved at 25°C. The system reached equilibrium at 60 minutes, and then there was little change in lead removal. The results of this study showed that LCNF, by removing more than 99% of lead from aqueous solutions, is a suitable adsorbent for removing lead from aqueous solutions.

Saeedeh Rastgar

Hassan Reaei

Hosein Yousefi

Removal of Lead (Pb) From Aqueous Solutions Using Lignocellulose Nanofiber

利用木质纤维素纳米纤维去除水溶液中的铅（Pb）

Pollution of water resources with pesticides is one of the environmental problems and a serious threat to the communities’ health. This study aimed to determine the residual concentration of pesticides in urban drinking water networks of Hamadan province in 2019. In order for investigating the residual concentration of organochlorine (aldrin, dieldrin, lindane, methoxychlor and permethrin), organophosphorus (chlorpyrifos, diazinon and malathion), and carbamate (atrazine and alachlor) pesticides in urban drinking water distribution networks of the province, a total of 46 samples were taken. The samples were analyzed by GC-ECD and the results were analyzed using Excel software (a descriptive cross-sectional study). The residues of aldrin, dieldrin, lindane, diazinon, malathion, atrazine, and alachlor were found in none of the samples. The maximum concentrations of chlorpyrifos and permethrin were 2.20 and 8.03 μg/L, respectively. The methoxychlor residue was observed only in one sample (C=0.35 μg/L) and all other samples were free of methoxychlor. Residues of studied pesticides in all samples are much less than the maximum allowable in the national standard and the World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) guidelines. Therefore, it can be concluded that the studied networks water quality as well as the urban drinking water resources in Hamadan province are at a very desirable level in terms of the pesticide residues. If the consumption of pesticides is not controlled, there is a possibility of increasing the concentration of these pollutants in water resources, which in turn may threaten the human health in the future.

Seyyed Bahman Aleseyyed

Lida Rafati

Rashid Heidarimoghadam

Mehdi Khodabakhshi

Seyyed Alireza Zafarmirmohammadi

Sara Heidari

Investigation of Residual Concentration of Organochlorine, Organophosphorus, and Carbamate Pesticides in Urban Drinking Water Networks of Hamadan Province, Iran

伊朗哈马丹省城市饮用水网络中有机氯、有机磷和氨基甲酸酯农药残留浓度的调查

The aim of this study was to determine the toxicity of cefixime in the inlet solution and effluent treated with the sono-electro-Fenton process using standard strains of microorganisms. This research was performed as an experimental study, which was conducted on a laboratory scale. The standard strains of Escherichia coli (gram-negative) and Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive) were used for bioassay. First, the stock solution of 1000 mg/L containing Cefixime was prepared, and for each bacterium (gram-positive and gram-negative), 5 samples from the inlet solution of the reactor and 5 samples from effluent treated with the sono-electro-Fenton process were collected under optimal conditions. Finally, each sample was transferred to 10 mL of sterile lactose broth, and a loop of E. coli or S. aureus was dissolved in each sample. Toxicity changes were investigated by calculating the percentage of growth inhibition. The results showed that after 10 hours, the growth rate of both bacteria in the control and the effluent samples was higher, while the growth of bacteria in the inlet solution was lower and had higher toxicity. Based on the results of the study, the toxicity rate for E. coli was reduced from 70% in the inlet solution to 9.3% in the effluent (86.7% reduction in toxicity), and in the case of S. aureus, it was diminished from 25.3% in the inlet solution to 7% in the effluent (72.3% reduction in toxicity) after 10 hours. Based on the results of the present study, bioassay using microorganisms is an effective and useful method to study changes in the toxicity of cefixime.

Kamal Hasani

Mina Moradi

Abdollah Dargahi

Mehdi Vosoughi

Evaluation of Cefixime Toxicity Treated With Sono-electro-Fenton Process by Bioassay Using Microorganisms

头孢克肟毒性通过使用微生物的生物测定法评估的声电芬顿处理效果

Alosa braschnikowi and Vimba persa are commercially important fish species in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. However, little is known about the trace element (TE) concentrations in their muscles. To this end, a total of 82 pieces of V. persa and 74 A. braschnikowi were caught at three different fishing areas (Astara, Anzali, and Kiashahr) around the southwestern shorelines of the Caspian Sea from September 2017 through June 2018. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure the accumulation of 34 traces and macro elements in some tissues of the fish species. Then, comparisons of the element levels in these tissues were made for the three different fishing areas. Overall, in the case of A. braschnikowi, 30, 30, and 28 elements were detected in its skin, gonads, and kidneys, respectively, while in the case of V. persa, 27 and 28 elements were found in its muscle and liver, respectively. The majority of element levels measured in these tissues indicated no significant differences among the sampling areas (P&gt;0.05) except for such elements as copper, lanthanum, and tungsten in skin, lanthanum, rubidium, and vanadium in gonads, as well as molybdenum and zinc in kidney (P&lt;0.05). The capacity of observed elements put human health at risk were examined as well. The TE content in the tissues of A. braschnikowi and in the muscles of V. persa (P&lt;0.05) differed significantly from the international standard levels (P&lt;0.05). In this study, only lead indicated a target hazard quotient (THQ) index above 1. Therefore, high consumption of this fish (360 g per year) may be a matter of concern for the consumer. In the case of other evaluated elements, the THQ value was less than 1.

Masoud Sattari

Mehdi Bibak

Mohammad Forouhar Vajargah

Trace and Macro Element Contaminations in Tissues of Vimba persa and Alosa braschnikowi From the South Caspian Sea and Potential Human Health Risk Assessment

南里海 Vimba persa 和 Alosa braschnikowi 组织中的痕量和宏量元素污染及潜在人体健康风险评估

The current work investigated the optimization of synthetic textile wastewater (STW) containing methyl orange, crystal violet, and neutral red reactive dye degradation on manganese dioxide coated on graphite electrode using the Box-Behnken design (BBD). Carbon coated by manganese oxide (C/ MnO2 ) electrode was prepared by the sol-gel method. Graphite substrates were obtained from spent lithium-ion batteries for recycling and reducing the price of the electrode material in electrochemical processes. C/MnO2 was used as anode and cathode in an electrochemical cell during experiments. In addition, BBD was applied to design the experiments and find the optimal conditions for the degradation of STW. From the proposed model, the rate of the removal efficiency of chemical oxygen demand (COD) reached 83.63% with the optimum conditions (6.989 hours, concentration of 1.5 g/L NaCl, and current density of 50 mA/cm2 ). Based on the obtained optimum values, the specific energy consumption was around 30.359 kWh (kg COD)-1. Furthermore, the C/MnO2 electrode was characterized by Raman spectroscopy, and MnO2 films were prepared from the sol-gel process and deposited on graphite. Thus, using graphite coated with manganese dioxide, indirect anodic oxidation (IAO) can be efficient for the removal of the organic matter from the real textile dye bath.

Romuald Teguia Doumbi

Guy Bertrand Noumi

Tinda Domga

Electrochemical Degradation of Synthetic Textile Wastewater by C/MnO2 Electrode Assessed by Surface Response Methodology

表面响应法评估C/MnO2电极对合成纺织废水的电化学降解

In recent years, major issues such as demographic growth, food security, and exploitation of natural resources have raised worries worldwide. To handle these issues and the environment in an eco-friendly manner, a shift has been made from the mere exploitation of natural resources to their recovery and reuse. The production of organic waste is increasing dramatically. Anaerobic digestion (AD) with related biogas production is regarded as a substitute for waste management strategies such as landfilling and incineration of municipal solid waste (MSW). Biogas systems protect air, water, and soil by recycling organic waste into renewable energy and soil products while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The present study aimed to establish a biogas system that involves co-digestion and iron filings. Specifically, it investigated the AD of vegetable waste combined with cow dung and Jatropha seed cake with iron filings. The experiment was conducted over 60 days by four digesters (S1, S2, S3, and S4) containing mixtures of cow dung and vegetable waste (S1), cow dung and Jatropha seed cake (S2), cow dung and vegetable waste with 10 g of iron filings (S3), and cow dung and Jatropha seed cake with 10 g of iron filings (S4). After 60 days, the amount of biogas collected from the digesters S1, S2, S3, and S4 was 172.9 mL/gVS, 205.64 mL/gVS, 186.086 mL/gVS, and 231.25 mL/gVS, respectively. The sample mixture of digester S4, which contained cow dung and Jatropha seed cake with iron filings, resulted in the maximum yield of biogas production due to the iron additive potential for accepting and donating electrons.

Mangala Gowri D.P

Rashma Shetty

Generation of Biogas Using Cow Dung With Organic Waste in the Presence of Iron Filings

利用牛粪与有机废物在铁屑存在下生成沼气

The majority of the body’s organs are impacted by ambient air pollution (AAP), which is currently a serious environmental global health issue. The objective of this work was to assess the impact of ozone (O3 ), sulfur dioxide (SO2 ), and AAP on oxidative stress (OS) and lipid profile indicators in male Wistar rats. To this end, these rats were exposed for three hours each day for five weeks in control, AAP, O3 (0.6 ppm), and SO2 (10 ppm) groups (each containing 8 animals). Several parameters, such as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride, and malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured on blood samples. AAP exposure on TAC (P=0.014) and SOD (P=0.05), MDA (P=0.018), and HDL (P=0.003), O3 exposure on TAC (P&lt;0.001), and SO2 exposure on blood serum TAC (P=0.006) all had statistically significant effects. Based on the results, exposure to SO2 and AAP did not significantly alter the lipid profile (P&gt;0.05). According to our research, exposure to O3 , SO2 , and AAP can increase overall antioxidant capacity by stimulating blood serum oxidative defense enzymes. Except for the enhanced effect of O3 exposure on serum HDL, AAP, SO2 , and O3 exposures had no discernible effects on the lipid profile.

Hossein Mashhadi-Abdolahi

Roya Darbani

Oldouz Rabet

Asal Golchin

Sorayya Kheirouri

Mohammad Alizadeh

Mehran Mesgari-Abbasi

Air Pollution, Ozone, and Sulfur Dioxide Can Affect the Blood Serum Lipid Profile and Oxidative Stress of Male Wistar Rats

空气污染、臭氧和二氧化硫可影响雄性Wistar大鼠血清脂质谱和氧化应激

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between heavy metal pollution and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL) among workers in car maintenance workshops in Baghdad, Iraq. Blood samples were collected from 70 male workers, including car maintenance and vehicle painting workers, along with a control group of healthy males. The levels of heavy metals, specifically cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb), as well as OxLDL and the marker of lipid peroxidation, malondialdehyde (MDA), were measured. The results revealed a significant increase in the level of Pb in the blood of workers compared to the control group, whereas Cd levels did not exhibit a significant difference. Furthermore, both groups of workers exhibited significantly elevated levels of OxLDL compared to the control group. Additionally, the MDA level was significantly increased across all the study groups. Correlation analysis demonstrated positive associations between OxLDL levels and the extent of Pb and Cd pollution in the car maintenance worker group. These findings indicate an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) among workers in car maintenance workshops due to exposure to heavy metals. The observed elevation in the levels of OxLDL and lipid peroxidation markers underscores the potential health issues associated with occupational exposure to these polluted environments.

Mustafa Fuad Khalid

Nada A. Kadhim

Impact of Heavy Metal Pollution on Oxidized Low-density Lipoprotein Levels among Car Maintenance Workshop Workers

汽车维修车间工人重金属污染对氧化低密度脂蛋白水平的影响

Given the increasing use of chlorine-based disinfectants and concerns regarding their shelflife and persistence on the surface, the present study investigated the effect of environmental conditions on the stability of commercial solutions stored under different conditions. This study assessed the stability of 0.05%, 0.5%, and 1% sodium hypochlorite solutions at pH levels of 5, 7.5, and 10 stored at temperatures of 4 ° C, 25 ° C, and 45 ° C using iodometric titration at 0, 15, 30, and 60 days after preparation. Eighty-seven solutions from three commercial brands (Brand A, Brand B, and Brand C) were prepared based on experimental design and response surface modeling (RSM) using Box-Behnken factorial design (BBD). The results revealed that the linear coefficient effects of all factors (temperature, storage time, pH, and initial concentration) were statistically significant (P&lt;0.05). However, no significant differences were found among the three commercial brands (P=0.307). A negative correlation was observed between free available chlorine (FAC) and storage time. Solutions with a higher initial concentration (1%) tended to have lower stability. Higher temperatures also contributed to the instability of the solutions. Moreover, a gradual decrease was observed in the pH over time, and the lowest stability was detected at a neutral pH of 7.5. These findings suggest that environmental conditions (e.g., temperature, storage duration, pH, and initial concentration) significantly affect the stability of chlorine in the solutions. Therefore, these factors should be considered when using chlorine and storing chlorine-based disinfectants (CBDs) to ensure optimal performance and effectiveness.

Mohammad Ali Zazouli

Yalda Hashempour

Nafiseh Dashtban

Evaluating the Influence of Environmental Factors on the Stability of Commercial Chlorine-Based Sanitizers Using Response Surface Modeling

评估环境因素对商用含氯消毒剂稳定性影响的响应面建模研究

Scaling and corrosion are significant issues in water distribution systems that can lead to economic, aesthetic, and health concerns. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a point-of-entry (POE) polyphosphate cartridge on scaling and corrosion indices (Langelier Saturation Index [LSI], Ryznar Stability Index [RSI], Puckorius Scaling Index [PSI] and Aggressive Index [AI]), as well as the quality of water treated with household water treatment systems. In this study, a POE polyphosphate cartridge was directly connected to municipal water to adjust water stability and prevent scaling and corrosion. Parameters were tested in water samples before and after filtration with the POE polyphosphate cartridge. Spearman’s correlation analysis was conducted to determine any monotonic relationship between the variables using SPSS. It was observed that water exhibited scaling properties at flow rates of 0.180, 0.252, and 0.522 L/min based on the LSI, while in other cases, it showed corrosion properties. Additionally, the results of the Spearman analysis indicated a strong positive correlation (r=0.74) between RSI and PSI and a strong negative correlation (r=-0.64) between LSI and RSI in the outlet water from the POE polyphosphate cartridge. The results indicated that more precise control of key quality parameters for scaling and corrosion of water is essential. Significant adjustments must be implemented to prevent corrosion of facilities and valves when utilizing a POE polyphosphate cartridge in household water systems. Moreover, due to the fluctuations in household water consumption, the use of inline POE polyphosphate cartridges may not ensure water stability in the household water supply system.

Fatemeh Mortezazadeh

Fathollah Gholami-Borujeni

Evaluating the Effects of Polyphosphate Cartridge at Point-of-Entry on Scaling and Corrosion Indices of Household Water

评估聚磷酸盐滤芯在入户点对家庭用水结垢和腐蚀指数的影响

Publication Information	Publisher: Hamadan University of Medical Sciences，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2021，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：8 Weeks

Avicenna Journal of Environmental Health Engineering

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