Arterial Hypertension hereinafter referred to as ‘AH’ or ′the Journal′, is a peer-reviewed, open access journal covering broad spectrum of topics in hypertension and aiming to advance the knowledge and science of this constantly evolving field. The Journal is the official quarterly of the Polish Society of Hypertension and publishes review articles, original clinical and experimental investigations in the field of arterial hypertension, case reports, letters and editorial comments. The Journal's content has been published predominantly in full text English since 2015.

Arterial Hypertension, hereinafter referred to as 'AH' or 'the Journal', is a peer-reviewed, open access journal that covers a wide range of topics in the field of hypertension, aiming to advance knowledge and science in this constantly evolving area. The Journal is the official quarterly publication of the Polish Society of Hypertension and publishes review articles, original clinical and experimental investigations, case reports, letters, and editorial comments. Since 2015, the Journal's content has predominantly been published in full text in English.

《Arterial Hypertension》是一本经过同行评审的开放获取期刊，涵盖高血压领域的广泛主题，旨在推动这一不断发展的领域的知识和科学进步。该期刊是波兰高血压学会的官方季刊，发表高血压领域的综述文章、原创临床和实验研究、病例报告、信件及编辑评论。自2015年以来，期刊的内容主要以英文全文形式发布。

Arterial Hypertension

Background. Insomnia is considered an additional cardiovascular (CV) risk factor (RF). However, the data on its association with vascular damage is controversial. We analyzed the relation between self-reported insomnia and carotid atherosclerosis in the population-based sample. Material and methods. We selected 985 (males — 38%; mean age 45.2 ± 11.6 years) participants of the St Petersburg population-based sample (the ESSE-RF study) who did not have previously known CV events. All subjects underwent a structured interview (lifestyle, medical history). Insomnia was diagnosed when complaints occurred ≥ 3 times/week (the questions: “How often did you have difficulties in falling asleep for &gt; 30 min after going to bed in the last month?”, “How often did you have difficulties in falling asleep after midnight awakening in the last month?”). Subclinical atherosclerosis was assessed by carotid intima-media thickness (IMT): normal ≤ 0.9 mm, increased IMT 0.9–13 mm, IMT &gt; 13 mm indicated an atherosclerotic plaque. Results. In total, 209 subjects reported at least one insomnia complaint; 79 participants (8%) reported both sleeponset and sleep-maintenance problems. IMT thickening was found in 142 subjects (14.4%). IMT values were higher in those with frequent nocturnal awakenings vs. non-insomniacs (0.75 ± 0.18 vs. 0.71 ± 0.17 mm, p = 0.006). They also showed greater prevalence of thickened IMT (χ 2 = 4.6, p = 0.026). Mean IMT weakly correlated with insomnia complaints (ρ = 0.10, p = 0.002), but the association was no longer significant after adjustment for age, BP and total cholesterol level. Conclusion. We demonstrated an association between insomnia complaints and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis, although we assume it to be weak compared to the common CV RF.

Lyudmila Korostovtseva

Asiiat Alieva

Oxana Rotar

Mikhail Bochkarev

Maria Boyarinova

Nadezhda Zvartau

Yurii Sviryaev

Aleksandra Konradi

Eugene Shlyakhto

Is self-reported insomnia a risk factor for subclinical carotid atherosclerosis?

自报失眠是否为亚临床颈动脉粥样硬化的风险因素？

A 40-year-old female presented with a history of resistant arterial hypertension associated with massive nasal bleedings. Despite being subjected to a lot of tests in order to identify a cause of secondary hypertension, all possible causes were excluded. There were no organ damages. Notwithstanding changes in the hypotensive treatment regimen and a significant escalation of pharmacological treatment, there were difficulties in achieving normal blood pressure (BP) values. Resistant hypertension was diagnosed. It was decided to perform tests to confirm the patient’s use of hypotensive drugs and to search for substances increasing BP in the Department of Forensic Medicine. High urinary concentrations of pseudoephedrine and its metabolites were found using high-performance liquid chromatography. During the retrospective analysis of the case of this patient with a psychiatrist, Munchhausen syndrome was suspected.

Malgorzata Wierzowiecka

Iwona Smolarek

Karolina Niklas

Andrzej Tykarski

Arkadiusz Niklas

Drug resistant hypertension and Munchausen syndrome

药物抵抗性高血压与孟乔森综合征

Despite many organizational and medical efforts, the COVID-19 epidemic continues and is taking a lethal toll. Preliminary reports have already reported that the mortality associated with this disease is much higher in people with comorbidities, including hypertension. SARS-CoV-2 virus enters the body through the receptor which is the angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). The administration of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or sartans increases the activity of this enzyme. Therefore, there was a suspicion that patients treated with these preparations become more easily infected, and the infection itself is more severe and is associated with greater mortality. On the other hand, the ACE2 enzyme is known to reduce the risk of lung damage. The paper presents current reports describing the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 virus infection in patients with hypertension, the course of infection and the effect of administration of ACE inhibitors and sartans on the mortality of these patients. The presented data indicate that the use of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors and sartans in patients with COVID-19 does not worsen the course of the disease, and according to some authors this treatment even reduces the mortality of this infection.

Jerzy Głuszek

Teresa Kosicka

Why not change the therapy of hypertension in patients with COVID-19. Dual role of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2

为何不改变COVID-19患者的高血压治疗方案？血管紧张素转换酶2的双重作用

Background: Obesity along with hypertension is the common risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. Leptin, an anti-obesity hormone, is currently considered to play a vital role in the development of hypertension in obesity. We aim to determine the leptin levels in hypertensive and normotensive participants and to find the correlation between leptin and hypertension in obese and non-obese hypertensive subjects. Material and methods: A total of 94 participants aged &gt; 18years of either gender were included in the study. The participants were divided into obese (n = 55) and non-obese (n = 39) groups with further subgroups based on presence or absence of hypertension. Height, weight and blood pressure were taken with standard methods. Leptin was determined using ELISA method and intra and inter-group comparisons were made. Results: The leptin levels were significantly higher in obese (p = 0.000), hypertensive (p = 0.048) and females (p = 0.001) compared to non-obese, normotensive and male participants. Furthermore, obese hypertensive participants were having higher leptin levels compared to obese normotensive participants but with no statistical significance (p = 0.14). Serum leptin levels positively correlated with serum LDL (p = 0.003), body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.000), serum uric acid (p = 0.034) and fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (p = 0.001). However, on correction for factors like BMI, and obesity, positive correlation persisted only for female gender (p = 0.048) and FPG (p = 0.029). Furthermore, BMI (p = 0.021) and FPG (p = 0.027) were found to be the independent risk factors for elevated leptin levels on multiple regression analysis. Conclusions: Our study concluded that serum leptin levels are higher in obesity and have a direct correlation with degree of obesity. However, our study does not support any direct correlation between serum leptin and hypertension.

Hilal Bhat

Javaid Ahmad Bhat

Moomin Hussain Bhat

Masrat Rashid

Rafi Jan

Dil Afroze

Leptin in obesity and hypertension

肥胖与高血压中的瘦素

Background: The prevalence of hypertension in Vietnam is increasing consecutively. Hypertension is the cause of many complications in several vital systems such as the nervous system, kidney and, especially, the cardiovascular system. Recently, the 2D speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) technique helped to assess subclinical changes in cardiac function when there was an abnormal tissue function without any changes in morphology and cardiac function. The aim of the study was to evaluate the early change in left ventricular systolic function by STE technique in hypertensive patients with and without heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Material and methods: In a cross-sectional observational study, STE technique was used to analyze left ventricular systolic strain in 151 hypertensive patients and 43 participants without cardiovascular disease as a control group. Subclinical left ventricular dysfunction was detected by echocardiographic strain parameters, especially global longitudinal strain (GLS). Results: GLS decreased in hypertensive patients without heart failure with preserved ejection fraction compared to the control group (–11.93 ± 2.21 vs. –16.52 ± 1.19). This reduction increased in hypertensive patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (–11.04 ± 2.5 vs. –16.52 ± 1.19). The threshold of the global longitudinal strain was –14.364. The rate of reduction in GLS in hypertensive patients without HFpEF was relatively high (93.3%). Conclusion: STE technique helps to detect subclinical changes in left ventricular systolic function with high sensitivity.

Thị Nguyễn Diễm

Vũ Anh Nguyễn

Lợi Doãn Đỗ

Nhân Hữu Kha

An Viết Trần

Quốc Lâm Thiện Huỳnh

Bảo Lâm Thái Trần

Quan Nhất Kỳ Nguyễn

Early detecting myocardial entity damage using 2D speckle tracking echocardiography through strain parameters in hypertensive patients

利用二维斑点追踪超声心动图通过应变参数早期检测高血压患者心肌实体损伤

Hypertension during pregnancy is a significant problem, with severe hypertension being an especially dangerous condition. As pharmacological treatment options are limited mostly due to the unknown effects of multiple drugs on the fetus, labetalol is one of the more frequently used therapies. The other popular substances are methyldopa, nifedipine and hydralazine. In this paper, the effectiveness and limitations of labetalol in hypertensive disorders of pregnancy are discussed based on the latest available original papers. As the accessible data implicates, labetalol has a high and proven ability to reduce blood pressure with non-severe side effects. The most common of which are headaches and nausea. The drug seems to be slightly less effective in blood pressure normalization than nifedipine, with inconclusive data about safety to the mother and her baby. However due to a small number of patients included in the presented studies, more high-population trials are necessary to give an unambiguous recommendation on its regular usage.

Maciej Makarewicz

Jarosław D. Kasprzak

Jan Z. Peruga

Latest findings on labetalol in severe hypertension during pregnancy and in postpartum — a systematic review

妊娠期和产后严重高血压中拉贝洛尔的最新研究进展——一项系统综述

This report reviews the current progress in understanding of clinical manifestation, epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment strategies in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) involving coronary arteries. FMD involving the coronary arteries is believed to be rare but it may lead to serious, life-threating consequences including acute myocardial infarction or sudden cardiac death. The most common coronary manifestations are presented by irregular stenosis, arterial enlargement, dissection, distal tapering, smooth narrowings, and excessive coronary tortuosity with additional markers of tortuosity leading to spontaneous coronary dissection in some cases. The etiology of the disease is poorly understood but presumably the pathogenesis of FMD is associated with combination of genetic and environmental factors. There is limited data on FMD with coronary involvement, management and treatment of the disease, but many acute vascular lesions may heal spontaneously and conservative approach is preferred. The pharmacological management with antihypertensive drugs, especially in patients with concomitant hypertension, and antiplatelet therapy should be considered in patients with confirmed FMD.

Katarzyna Szkamruk

Mariusz Kruk

Jacek Kądziela

Paulina Talarowska

Andrzej Januszewicz

Coronary artery involvement in fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD): a review

纤维肌发育不良中的冠状动脉受累：综述

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors. In 2022 Polish experts proposed a new definition of MS. The aim of this study was to analyze the frequency of the MS based on the WOBASZ II cohort (2013–2014) and compare it to that based on the previous definition. Material and methods: The WOBASZ II study was conducted on a sample of 6170 Polish adults. The 2022 definition of MS includes: abdominal obesity, hypertension, impaired glucose metabolism, atherogenic dyslipidemia; MS is diagnosed if abdominal obesity and at least two other factors are present. The old definition based on the 2009 Joint Interim Statement included: abdominal obesity, elevated blood pressure, impaired glucose metabolism, hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; MS was diagnosed if at least three criteria were met. Results: The prevalence of the MS in the WOBASZ II cohort according to the new definition was 31.7%. Compared to the previous definition the prevalence of MS decreased significantly in men (42.8% vs. 29.2%; p &lt; 0.0001) and no change was observed in women (34.6% vs. 33.7%; p = 0.19). Due to the change in criteria prevalence of the obesity component decreased in the Polish population from 65.9% to 44.0%; p &lt; 0.0001. Atherogenic dyslipidemia became the most prevalent component (67.6%, an increase from 42.6%; p &lt; 0.0001). High normal blood pressure/hypertension and diabetes/pre-diabetes components were present in 60.9% and 32.6% of respondents. Conclusions: Despite that the estimate of the prevalence of MS according to the new definition is lower as compared to the previous definition, MS and its components remain widespread in the Polish population.

Gilbert Artur Baćmaga

Natalia Dąbrowska

Alicja Cicha-Mikołajczyk

Piotr Bandosz

Krystyna Kozakiewicz

Andrzej Pająk

Magdalena Agnieszka Kwaśniewska

Aleksander Prejbisz

Piotr Dobrowolski

Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Poland based on the new 2022 definition

波兰代谢综合征的新2022年定义的流行率

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) associates with adverse atrial and ventricular remodelling and with extracellular matrix dysfunction initiating myocardial fibrosis. Ventricular–arterial coupling (VAC) plays a pivotal role in cardiac and aortic adaptation to pathological conditions. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of paroxysmal AF on fibrotic remodelling reflected in structural and functional changes in left ventricle and large arteries and their coupling. Materials and methods: We carefully selected women and men aged from 40 to 75 years, with paroxysmal AF and sinus rhythm on admission, preserved left ventricle (LV) systolic function, and the carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) within normal range. In transthoracic echocardiography LV systolic and diastolic function, stroke volume (SV), and global longitudinal strain (GLS) were assessed. The brachial blood pressure was simultaneously recorded during echocardiographic recording of blood flow velocity in LV outflow track. Following VAC parameters were analysed: arterial elastance (Ea) and LV elastance (Ees). Two-dimensional speckle tracking was used to derive novel VAC parameter PWV to LV GLS ratio. Results: In univariable regression model the Ees increased significantly with AF history duration (p = 0.001), moreover Ees was higher in women than in men (p = 0.002). Ea/Ees ratio decreased significantly with AF history duration (p = 0.005). In multivariable regression models, AF duration was also negatively associated with Ea/Ees ratio, and positively related to Ees. Conclusion: The relationship between AF and LV function is complex and potentially bi-directional. Despite normal LV function, paroxysmal AF can contribute to abnormal heart-vessel coupling, indicating early ventricular remodelling due to arrhythmia, this observation seems to be more pronounced in women.

Mateusz Gaczol

Agnieszka Olszanecka

Katarzyna Stolarz-Skrzypek

Marek Rajzer

Wiktoria Wojciechowska

Ventricular–arterial coupling indices reflects early stage of left ventricular remodelling in atrial fibrillation

心室-动脉耦合指数反映心房颤动早期左心室重构

Background: According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), 1 in 4 men and 1 in 5 women have arterial hypertension (AH). It is important to diagnose AH early and constantly monitor blood pressure (BP). We assess the diagnostic accuracy of AH detection using smart devices with photoplethysmography (PPG) and seek to provide guidance from current evidence to clinicians about the value and limitations of their potential use to early diagnose this chronic disease. Material and methods: This systematic review of Medline, Google Scholar, and PubMed databases was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines. All publications examining any type of AH detection using PPG in smart devices were evaluated. Study quality was assessed using the QUADAS-2 risk of bias tool. Results: The search strategy identified a total of 705 publications, of which 9 studies were included in the systematic review. Of the 9 studies included, 2 used Samsung Galaxy smartphones, and 7 used wearable watch-like devices. A sphygmomanometer was used as a reference standard in all studies. Conclusion: The current evidence base consists of small, biased, and low-quality studies which are insufficient to advise clinicians on the true value of PPG devices for AH detection. Further research is required with reference standards, standardized validation, and transparent algorithms for PPG technology to be used as a valid tool for early AH diagnosis.

Simona Andriekutė

Kamilė Bagdonaitė

Mažvydas Savickas

Kristina Ziutelienė

Photoplethysmography technology use in smart devices for early diagnosis of arterial hypertension: a systematic review

智能设备中光电容积脉搏波技术用于动脉高血压早期诊断的系统综述

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	0.20
Quartiles(Global)	PERIPHERAL VASCULAR DISEASE(Q4)

ISSN	2449-6162, 2449-6170
h-index	13

Publication Information	Publisher: Via Medica，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2015，Proportion of original research papers: 70.83%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：10 Weeks

Arterial Hypertension

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