Chronic Stress

Background: Stress and cortisol dysregulation are linked to NCDs. Moreover, stress favours unhealthy lifestyle patterns, which increase the risk for NCDs. The role of the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and the effect of lifestyle interventions on the same remain unclear. Methods: The impact of the intensive 8-week phase of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (HLCP, cohort 1) on parameters of the CAR, ie cortisol values 0 (sample [S]1), 30), 45 and 60 minutes post-awakening, average peak, S1-peak delta and area under the increase curve (AUCI), and perceived stress levels (PSL) was evaluated in a non-randomized, controlled trial. Covariates of the CAR (eg sleep measures) and irregularities in sampling were assessed. The intervention focussed on stress management, a healthy diet, regular exercise, and social support. Participants were recruited from the general population. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted. Results: 97 participants (age: 56 ± 10 years; 71% female), with 68 in the intervention group (IG; age: 55 ± 8, 77% female) and 29 participants in the control group (CG; age: 59 ± 12, 59% female), were included in the analysis. The baseline characteristics of both groups were comparable, except participants of IG were younger. On average, the PSL at baseline was low in both groups (IG: 9.7 ± 5.4 points; CG: 8.5 ± 6.9 points; p = .165), but 22% (n = 15) in the IG and 20% (n = 6) in the CG reported a high PSL. Most participants reported irregularities in CAR sampling, eg interruption of sleep (IG: 80% CG: 81%). After 8 weeks, most CAR parameters and the PSL decreased in the IG and CG, resulting in no differences of change between the groups. In the IG only, a decrease of PSL was linked to an increase of CAR parameters, eg AUCI (correlation coefficient = -0.307; p = .017). Conclusion: The HLCP may potentially reduce PSL and change the CAR, but results cannot be clearly attributed to the programme. Methodological challenges and multiple confounders, limit suitability of the CAR in the context of lifestyle interventions. Other measures (eg hair-cortisol) may give further insights. Trial registration: German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS); DRKS00018821; www.drks.de.

Corinna Anand

Karin Hengst

Reinhold Gellner

Heike Englert

Eight Weeks of Lifestyle Change: What are the Effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (Cohort 1) on Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and Perceived Stress?

八周生活方式改变：健康生活方式社区计划（第一组）对皮质醇觉醒反应和感知压力的影响是什么？

Many of the conditions of the COVID-19 pandemic were consistent with factors shown to be predictive of parental stress and burnout. The purpose of the current study was to use a retrospective pretest method to gain an understanding of the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on levels of parental burnout and on parenting practices.A brief survey was conducted using a retrospective pretest method to examine parental burnout (The Parental Burnout Assessment, Roskam et al, 2018) and parenting practices (The Alabama Parenting Questionnaire, Frick, 1991). The survey asked parent participants to answer questions about their experiences before and during the pandemic.Findings indicated that the pandemic had a significant impact on parents, increasing overall levels of parental burnout and impacting parenting practices by reducing use of positive parenting strategies and increasing use of inconsistent discipline and corporal punishment. These changes in parenting practices were even more pronounced for parents whose levels of parental burnout moved from "normal" levels before the pandemic to clinical levels during the pandemic.The findings of the current study suggest that the COVID-19 pandemic has had a negative impact on levels of parental burnout and parenting practices. Although additional research is needed, the results suggest that there is a need for clinicians to understand the effects that the pandemic may have had on parents and families with an understanding that families may be at ongoing risk despite a relaxation of COVID-19 restrictions.

Annette K. Griffith

Kasey E. Bedard

Angeline Eaton

Julie A. Ackerlund Brandt

Pragya Jha

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parental Burnout and Parenting Practices: Analyses Using a Retrospective Pretest

COVID-19大流行对父母倦怠和育儿实践的影响：使用回顾性前测的分析

Background During military deployment, stress regulation is vital to protect against the development of anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. Brain endocannabinoids play an important role in stress regulation and previous research has shown that genetic variations in the FAAH rs324420 polymorphism demonstrate protective effects during stress. In addition, this polymorphism shows interactions with the CRHR1 and CNR1 polymorphisms on anxiety. The present study examines whether genetic variations of the FAAH, CRHR1 and CNR1 polymorphisms interact with the development of anxiety and trauma related symptoms in military veterans. Methods Veterans (N = 949) who went on military deployment and experienced a stressful event were genotyped for FAAH rs324420, CRHR1 rs110402 and CNR1 rs2180619. Anxiety and trauma symptoms were measured pre-deployment and 6 months after deployment. Anxiety was measured with the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and trauma with the Self-Rating Inventory for PTSD (SRIP). Results Covariance Pattern Models demonstrated no significant relation of genetic variations in FAAH rs324420 on anxiety and PTSD symptoms from pre-deployment to 6 months after military deployment. Additionally, we investigated interactions between the FAAH s324420, CRHR1 rs110402 and CNR1 rs2180619 polymorphisms. This also demonstrated no significant effects on anxiety and PTSD symptoms pre- to post deployment. However, the covariate of childhood trauma that was included in the models was significant in all these models. Conclusion Genetic variations in FAAH rs324420 and its interactions with CRHR1 rs110402 and CNR1 rs2180619 are not related to the development of anxiety and trauma-related symptoms. The study however, indicates the importance of considering childhood trauma in the investigation of the effects of polymorphisms that are related to the endocannabinoid system on the development of anxiety and PTSD symptoms.

Nadia Leen

Antoin de Weijer

Marco Boks

Johanna Baas

Eric Vermetten

Elbert Geuze

The Role of Genetic Variations in the FAAH rs324420 Polymorphism and its Interaction with CRHR1 rs110402 and CNR1 rs2180619 in Anxiety and- Trauma Related Symptoms After Military Deployment

FAAH rs324420多态性及其与CRHR1 rs110402和CNR1 rs2180619相互作用在军事部署后焦虑和创伤相关症状中的作用

Police officers are frequently faced with chronic and acute stressors, such as excessive workload, organizational stressors and emotionally charged reports. This study aims to examine the relationship between a form of chronic strain (ie, burnout symptoms) and a resource (ie, coping self-efficacy) in a sample of Dutch police officers. Specifically, we aim to investigate the existence of a loss cycle of resources. We use Latent Change Score modeling to investigate the potential depletion or loss cycle of coping self-efficacy as a result of burnout symptoms in a sample of 95 police officers who completed a survey on three consecutive timepoints. The lag between the measurements was approximately one year. We found that, during both one-year intervals, within-person increases in burnout symptoms were related to within-person decreases in coping self-efficacy. Also, the results emphasize the buffering role of coping self-efficacy for burnout symptoms, as within-person decreases in coping self-efficacy during the first year were associated with within-person increases in burnout symptoms during the following year. Together, the results imply that a loss cycle of coping self-efficacy and burnout symptoms may occur. For this we used Latent Change Score modeling, which is a relatively new approach which provides researchers with the opportunity to analyse multi-wave longitudinal data while focusing on within-person changes over time. Practically, police organizations are advised to monitor personnel wellbeing and resources, to maintain and promote sustainable employability of police officers and to be able to timely provide individuals with interventions. Limitations discussed are the use of self-report measures and large intervals between the measurements. Finally, future directions of research are discussed that would circumvent the reported limitations, such as multiple wave with shorter lags and incorporating confounding factors that could affect coping self-efficacy.

Liselotte M.J. Koning-Eikenhout

Roos Delahaij

Wim Kamphuis

Inge L. Hulshof

Joris Van Ruysseveldt

A Loss Cycle of Burnout Symptoms and Reduced Coping Self-Efficacy: A Latent Change Score Modelling Approach

倦怠症状的损失循环与应对自我效能的降低：一种潜在变化分数建模方法

Background Prior research has indicated that posttraumatic growth (PTG) often co-occurs with symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). However, it is yet unclear what longitudinal patterns of posttraumatic symptom levels may predict the development of PTG. Methods World Trade Center (WTC) rescue and recovery workers (2038 police and 2103 non-traditional responders) were assessed an average of 3, 6, 8, and 12 years post-9/11/2001. Responders’ WTC-related PTSD symptoms were characterized by No/Low Symptom, Worsening/Subtly Worsening, Steeply Worsening (only for non-traditional responders), Improving, and Chronic trajectories. PTSD symptom trajectories were examined as predictors of PTG, which was assessed using total scores on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory-Short Form. Results Across both occupational groups, being female, older, Hispanic, and experiencing more post-9/11 traumatic events were independently associated with self-reported PTG. Among police responders, a greater number of WTC exposures and supportive family members while working at the WTC site were linked to higher PTG. Among non-traditional responders, Black race/ethnicity, less education, fewer pre-9/11 traumatic events, and the presence of support while working at the WTC site were additionally linked to higher PTG. Only the moderate PTSD symptom trajectories (ie, worsening and improving) for police responders and all symptomatic trajectories for non-traditional responders were associated with higher levels of PTG. Conclusions Symptomatic 12-year trajectories of PTSD symptoms and certain sociodemographic characteristics, stressor exposures, and supportive resources were associated with PTG in traditional and non-traditional WTC responders. Results provide insight into subgroups of WTC responders who may benefit from PTG-promoting interventions, as well as potentially modifiable targets to help foster PTG in this population.

Marin M. Kautz

Abigail Collins

Clyde B. Schechter

Ryan Salim

Janice Rodriguez

Ritika Singh

Christopher R. Dasaro

Andrew C. Todd

Michael Crane

Jacqueline M. Moline

Iris G. Udasin

Denise J. Harrison

Benjamin J. Luft

Steven M. Southwick

Robert H. Pietrzak

Adriana Feder

Longitudinal Trajectories of PTSD Symptoms Predict Levels of Posttraumatic Growth in World Trade Center Responders

世界贸易中心救援人员创伤后应激症状的纵向轨迹预测创伤后成长水平

Interpersonal violence is a common type of trauma experienced by people with opioid use disorder (OUD), especially for people with co-occurring OUD and mental illness (COD). However, little is known about demographic and clinical characteristics of individuals with COD who have experienced an interpersonal violence traumatic event compared to those who have experienced a non-violent trauma, and how experiences of interpersonal violence are associated with treatment utilization. Data presented are from a randomized clinical trial testing collaborative care for COD in primary care. Of the 797 patients enrolled in the larger study, 733 (92%) were included in this analysis because they reported a traumatic event. In this sample, 301 (41%) participants experienced a traumatic event involving interpersonal violence. Participants who experienced interpersonal violence were more likely to be younger and female. Among the 301 people who experienced interpersonal violence, 30% experienced child sexual abuse, 23% experienced physical violence, 19% experienced domestic violence, and 28% experienced sexual assault. Those who experienced physical violence were significantly less likely to be female (28.6% vs 74.2% to 88.2% in other groups). Those who reported domestic violence had significantly fewer days of drug use (4.1 days vs 9.0 to 11.5 in the other groups) and lower opioid use severity scores (mean = 13.0 vs 16.6 to 19.5 in the other groups). Multivariable regression results examining the associations between interpersonal violence experiences on treatment utilization revealed no statistically significant differences. Rates of receipt were high for medication for opioid use disorder (∼80%) in this sample while rates of mental health counseling were around 35% and rates of receiving mental health medication around 48%. These findings make an important contribution to understanding the associations between patient characteristics and traumatic experiences, and receipt of treatment for OUD and mental health problems among a sample of patients with COD.

Grace Hindmarch

Lisa S. Meredith

Colleen M. McCullough

Beth Ann Griffin

Katherine E. Watkins

Interpersonal Violence and Mental Health, Drug use, and Treatment Utilization among Patients with Co-Occurring Opioid use and Mental Health Disorders

人际暴力与共病阿片类药物使用和精神健康障碍患者的药物使用、心理健康及治疗利用情况

Background Evaluation stress can impair inhibitory control, limiting the ability of children to perform cognitively. However, evidence on protective factors is lacking as stress-induced cognitive impairments are poorly understood. High physical activity has been related to better inhibitory control and has the potential to buffer the response to a stressor. We investigated the association of physical activity and stress-induced changes in inhibitory control as well as its underlying cognitive control processes (i.e., conflict monitoring and resolution). Method Participants (10 to 13 y) with either low ( N = 55) or high moderate-to-vigorous physical activity ( N = 55) completed the Trier Social Stress Test for Children (TSST-C) and a control task in a randomized order. During both conditions, salivary cortisol was collected. Additionally, a computerized Stroop task was administered before and after the experimental conditions. The N200 and positive slow wave (PSW) components of event-related potentials elicited by the Stroop task were recorded using electroencephalography. Results In comparison to the control task, the TSST-C elicited a pre-to post-test decrease of accuracy on incompatible trials. Path-analyses further revealed that this decrease was related to low physical activity and a reduced PSW amplitude. However, both the N200 and PSW amplitudes did not mediate the relation between physical activity groups and performance on the Stroop task. Conclusion In children, evaluation stress decreases inhibitory control partly due to a reduced effectiveness of conflict resolution processes. Only children with high physical activity maintain inhibitory control after facing the stressor. However, this protective effect cannot be attributed to changes in conflict monitoring and resolution.

Sebastian Ludyga

Manuel Hanke

Anja Schwarz

Rahel Leuenberger

Fabienne Bruggisser

Vera Nina Looser

Markus Gerber

The Association of Physical Activity and Stress-induced Neurocognitive Impairments in Inhibitory Control in Children

儿童抑制控制中身体活动与应激诱导神经认知障碍的关联

Background Understanding distinct neurobiological mechanisms underlying bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) is crucial for accurate diagnosis and the discovery of novel and more effective targeted treatments. Previous diffusion-weighted MRI studies have suggested some common frontotemporal corticolimbic system white matter (WM) abnormalities across the disorders. However, critical to the development of more precise diagnosis and treatment is identifying distinguishing abnormalities. Promising candidates include more prominent frontotemporal WM abnormalities observed in BD in the uncinate fasciculus (UF) that have been associated with frontal-amygdala functional dysconnectivity, and with suicide that is especially high in BD. Prior work also showed differentiation in metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGlu5) abnormalities in BD versus MDD, which could be a mechanism affected in the frontotemporal system. However, associations between WM and mGlu5 have not been examined previously as a differentiator of BD. Using a multimodal neuroimaging approach, we examined WM integrity alterations in the disorders and their associations with mGluR5 levels. Methods Individuals with BD ( N = 21), MDD ( N = 10), and HC ( N = 25) participated in structural and diffusion-weighted MRI scanning, and imaging with [ 18 F]FPEB PET for quantification of mGlu5 availability. Whole-brain analyses were used to assess corticolimbic WM matter fractional anisotropy (FA) across BD and MDD relative to HC; abnormalities were tested for associations with mGlu5 availability. Results FA corticolimbic reductions were observed in both disorders and altered UF WM integrity was observed only in BD. In BD, lower UF FA was associated with lower amygdala mGlu5 availability ( p &lt; .05). Conclusions These novel preliminary findings suggest important associations between lower UF FA and lower amygdala mGlu5 levels that could represent a disorder-specific neural mechanism in which mGluR5 is associated with the frontotemporal dysconnectivity of the disorder.

Siyan Fan

Ruth H. Asch

Margaret T. Davis

Nicole DellaGioia

Ryan Cool

Hilary P. Blumberg

Irina Esterlis

Preliminary Study of White Matter Abnormalities and Associations With the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 to Distinguish Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders

白质异常与代谢型谷氨酸受体5的初步研究及其在区分双相情感障碍和重度抑郁症中的关联

ISSN	2470-5470
h-index	26

Publication Information	Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2017，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Journal Fees	$2000Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：6 Weeks

Chronic Stress

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Eight Weeks of Lifestyle Change: What are the Effects of the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (Cohort 1) on Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR) and Perceived Stress?

Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Parental Burnout and Parenting Practices: Analyses Using a Retrospective Pretest

The Role of Genetic Variations in the FAAH rs324420 Polymorphism and its Interaction with CRHR1 rs110402 and CNR1 rs2180619 in Anxiety and- Trauma Related Symptoms After Military Deployment

A Loss Cycle of Burnout Symptoms and Reduced Coping Self-Efficacy: A Latent Change Score Modelling Approach

Longitudinal Trajectories of PTSD Symptoms Predict Levels of Posttraumatic Growth in World Trade Center Responders

The Role of Genetic Variations in the FAAH rs324420 Polymorphism and its Interaction with CRHR1 rs110402 and CNR1 rs2180619 in Anxiety and- Trauma Related Symptoms After Military Deployment

A Loss Cycle of Burnout Symptoms and Reduced Coping Self-Efficacy: A Latent Change Score Modelling Approach

Interpersonal Violence and Mental Health, Drug use, and Treatment Utilization among Patients with Co-Occurring Opioid use and Mental Health Disorders

The Association of Physical Activity and Stress-induced Neurocognitive Impairments in Inhibitory Control in Children

Preliminary Study of White Matter Abnormalities and Associations With the Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 5 to Distinguish Bipolar and Major Depressive Disorders