Acta Biomedica Scientifica

Pharmacogenetics aims to investigate the correlation between patient genetic characteristics and the efficacy of pharmaceutical agents, while concurrently evaluating the risks of adverse reactions. This field of research necessitates the application of complex statistical analysis methodologies, and artificial intelligence (AI) capabilities are increasingly being leveraged for such analyses. AI represents an advanced technology employed to automate the execution of tasks that traditionally demand substantial human intellectual effort. A review of scientific literature on the application of machine learning models in pharmacogenetic research has demonstrated that AI is a highly sophisticated and flexible tool capable of facilitating the widespread implementation of pharmacogenetics in clinical practice. A promising area for the application of AI in pharmacogenetics involves the integration of this technology into tasks related to the analysis, detection, prediction, and support of pharmacogenetic information and decision-making systems. The utilization of deep learning technologies has the potential to expand the understanding of drug pharmacodynamics, indications, and contraindications, which may potentially lead to the updating of educational and methodological literature on pharmacology and substantially advance the quality of patient pharmacotherapy. However, the implementation of AI technologies may be hindered by factors such as a shortage of qualified personnel, ethical disagreements, and complexities in legal regulation of this domain. Nonetheless, the application of AI technologies in pharmacogenetic research demonstrates high effectiveness and expediency, despite the existing challenges.

M. A. Abdullaev

B. I. Kantemirova

O. A. Bashkina

D. A. Sychev

O. V. Ivanchuk

A. N. Romanova

Acta Biomedica Scientifica (East Siberian Biomedical Journal)

Artificial intelligence in pharmacogenetics: A narrative review of current and future applications

药物基因组学中的人工智能：当前与未来应用的综述

Background . The prevalence of cervical cancer (Cca) in Russian women makes it crucial to study modern epidemiological characteristics and adjust control measures accordingly. The aim . To analyze trends in the incidence of cervical cancer in the Russian Federation. Materials and methods . A retrospective epidemiological study was conducted on cervical cancer incidence in Russian Federation from 2008 to 2021. The materials of annual statistical data “Malignant neoplasms in Russia (morbidity and mortality)” and “Status of oncological assistance to the population of Russia” (2008–2022), data of the federal statistical reporting form No. 5 “Information about preventive vaccinations” (2021), data on the number of studies conducted (cytological study and HPV-test based on RT-PCR) in the clinical diagnostic laboratory of Central Research Institute of Epidemiology of Rospotrebnadzor (2013–2021) were used. Results and discussion . The trends of Cca incidence varied depending on the women’s age. Starting in 2016, there was a stabilization of the level of morbidity in women aged 30–49 with the subsequent decrease from 2019 due to the strengthening of secondary prevention measures, including the active introduction of HPV-test into the diagnostic schemes conducted in the Russian Federation. Increased control of cervical cancer caused a rise in the proportion of cases diagnosed at an early stage (carcinomas in situ and I–II stages Cca), the increase of detection rate of in situ carcinomas per 100 cases of Cca, the growth of the proportion of carcinomas in situ to I–II stages Cca, rise of the percentage of the cases detected actively, decrease of the number of Cca cases detected at later stages and one-year mortality index. Conclusion . The epidemiological analysis of cervical cancer incidence shows that preventive measures are effective and that there is a need to intensify and increase their coverage.

O. B. Kuleshova

E. A. Domonova

V. G. Akimkin

Current epidemiological characteristics of cervical cancer in the Russian Federation

俄罗斯联邦宫颈癌的当前流行病学特征

Background . COVID-19 negatively impacts pregnancy progression and outcomes. However, data regarding pregnancy complications related to prostaglandin activity during COVID-19 remain insufficient. The aim . To assess markers of metabolic processes related to prostaglandin metabolism in the blood of pregnant women depending on the severity of COVID-19 and to explore associations with the development of pregnancy complications. Methods . The study included 109 pregnant women in their third trimester (28–30 weeks), 36 of whom had mild COVID-19, 38 had moderate COVID-19, and 35 were not infected with SARS-CoV-2. The concentration of prostaglandins E2 and F2α, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), cyclooxygenase 2 (COX2), and arachidonic acid (AA) were measured in the blood using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and gasliquid chromatography for AA. Results . Comparative analysis showed that pregnant women with moderate COVID-19 had significantly higher levels of AA, COX2, PLA2, prostaglandins E2 and F2α (p &lt; 0.0001) compared to those with mild disease. These women also experienced more frequent complications, such as chronic placental insufficiency, preterm labor, and premature rupture of membranes. Regression analysis revealed associations between chronic placental insufficiency and prostaglandin E2 levels (p &lt; 0.0001), preterm labor, AA (p = 0.001) and COX2 (p = 0.001); premature rupture of membranes and PLA2 (p = 0.025), COX2 (p &lt; 0.001), AA (p &lt; 0.001). Conclusion . Moderate COVID-19 during the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with increased levels of AA, COX2, PLA2, and prostaglandins E2 and F2α in the blood. The most significant factors increasing the risk of pregnancy complications in women with moderate COVID-19 were elevated levels of AA, COX2, and prostaglandin E2 in the blood.

N. A. Ishutina

I. A. Andrievskaya

Metabolic processes of prostaglandin metabolism in women at 28–30 weeks of gestation with COVID-19

COVID-19感染的28-30周妊娠期女性前列腺素代谢的代谢过程

Graves’ orbitopathy (GO) is an extrathyroid complication of thyroid dysfunction characterized by chronic autoimmune inflammation of soft retrobulbar tissues. The data on the role of oxidative and hypoxic stress in GO are heterogeneous, which necessitates further research. The aim of the study . To evaluate the indicators of oxidative stress and tissue hypoxia at various phases of Graves’ orbitopathy activity. Material and methods . Examination of patients with GO (n = 32), with autoimmune thyroid pathology (n = 18) and healthy individuals (n = 15) was performed. The study included ophthalmological examination and blood sampling to determine the concentration of antibodies to the thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor, interleukin 17A (IL-17A), hypoxia inducible factor 1a (HIF-1a), TBK-active products and calculation of total antioxidant activity. Results . An increase in the concentration of TBK-active products in the clinical group was revealed compared with the control (p &lt; 0.001). The total antioxidant activity was reduced at all phases of GO activity than in the control (p &lt; 0.001). The level of HIF-1α did not differ in the study groups (H = 3.29; p = 0.51). Direct moderate correlations were found between the concentration of IL-17A and the level of TBA-active substances (p = 0.001), as well as inverse moderate correlations with the value of total antioxidant activity (p = 0.007). The activity of GO had weak correlations with total antioxidant activity (p &lt; 0.001). Significant correlations between indicators of oxidative stress and tissue hypoxia were not found. Conclusion . In GO, regardless of the activity phase, there is an imbalance between the parameters of the “lipid peroxidation – antioxidant protection” system, which is manifested by an increase in TBA-active substances while reducing the total antioxidant activity. The indicators of tissue hypoxia did not differ in the study groups. The revealed correlations between the autoimmune inflammation activity in the orbit and oxidative stress emphasize the pathogenetic conditionality of the antioxidant drugs appointment in the therapy of GO.

E. S. Taskina

S. V. Kharintseva

T. M. Karavaeva

Indicators of oxidative stress and tissue hypoxia in various phases of Graves’ orbitopathy activity

格雷夫斯眼病活动各阶段氧化应激和组织缺氧的指标

Background . T cell immunity is known to play a central role in controlling SARSCoV- 2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus 2) infection, so it is critical to understand its role in recovery from COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), especially in the unfavorable conditions of the North.The aim. To assess the immune status of women after COVID-19 living in the subarctic region of the Russian Federation. Materials and methods . We examined a total of 50 women aged 36–46 years, including 38 vaccinated women 6 and 12 months after recovery from COVID-19 and 12 women (control group) who had not had COVID-19 and had not been vaccinated (Arkhangelsk region). We studied leukocyte count, leukogram and lymphocyte phenotypes (CD5+, CD8+, CD10+, CD16+, CD95+). Results. The contribution of monocytes to the formation of the adaptive immune response among female residents of the subarctic region decreases in those who have had mild COVID-19 and increases in those who have had moderate COVID-19. It was found that the imbalance in the formation of the immune response after COVID-19 is formed due to innate immunity (CD16+, neutrophils (r = 0.89; p &lt; 0.001)), affects the adaptive immunity and depends on the severity of the disease and the time since recovery. The most significant contribution to the formation of the adaptive immune response was established due to cellmediated cytotoxicity (CD8+, CD16+) and the activity of apoptotic processes (CD95+) both after 6 and 12 months and does not depend on the severity of the COVID-19. The adaptive immune response formed 6 months after COVID-19 with a high level of cell-mediated cytotoxicity and activity of apoptotic processes prevailing over lymphoproliferation persists after 12 months, which indicates a tense state of immune homeostasis. Conclusion . In the examined women who had recovered from COVID-19, cellmediated cytotoxicity (CD8+, CD16+) is associated with the activation of the monocyte system, has a prolonged effect of up to 12 months and depends on the severity of the previous COVID-19 in 66.7–90 % of cases.

L. S. Shchegoleva

E. Yu. Shashkova

M. S. Kabbani

O. E. Filippova

Immune status in women after COVID-19 living in the subarctic region

亚北极地区新冠肺炎康复女性免疫状态研究

It is quite difficult to determine both the method and timing of healing of a burn wound in children at the initial stages of treatment and during a visual clinical examination. In the treatment of thermal burns in children, preference is given to conservative methods, although they do not always lead to optimal healing of the burn. The use of PRP (platelet-rich plasma) in the treatment of burn wounds can have a beneficial effect on the timing and quality of healing of burned skin. Also, in certain cases, it allows to avoid surgical intervention in order to restore damaged skin or helps to reduce the volume and number of surgical operations when there is a shortage of donor resources. We present three clinical cases of using allogeneic PRP for the treatment of thermal burns of different etiologies (flame, hot liquid, contact). The use of PRP of the allogeneic type is due to the fact that children with burn injuries have limitations and contraindications to the use of autologous PRP. Allogeneic PRP and its use allow to reduce the time of epithelization of burn wounds of IIIAB degree (2–3 degrees according to ICD-10) and in some cases avoid surgical intervention to restore damaged skin. Its main advantages are good tolerability, relative availability, absence of contraindications and ease of use. Presented clinical examples for the first time clearly demonstrate the high effectiveness of allogeneic PRP in the treatment of thermal burns of different etiologies in children.

N. M. Shapetska

M. P. Potapnev

Yu. G. Degtyarev

I. N. Zelianko

Clinical examples of the use of allogeneic platelet-rich plasma for the treatment of thermal skin burns in children

同种异体富血小板血浆治疗儿童热烧伤的临床实例

Background . Among the environmental factors that influence the increase in the frequency of occurrence of psychoemotional states, great importance is attributed to the light conditions. However, the mechanisms of behaviour regulation in the mammals in non-standard light conditions and the role of melatonin in this process have not been fully studied. The aim of the study . To assess the effects of specific northern light conditions and melatonin on the behavior of Mesocricetus auratus. Methods . The animals were divided into 4 groups: LD (control), NL (northern light conditions), and LD + mel and NL + mel (melatonin, 100 μg/animal). The study of behavioral reactions, the level of emotional and phobic anxiety state of animals was carried out in the “Open field” and “Dark chamber with holes” installations. Results . Keeping M. auratus in NL had a negative effect on their behavior – a decrease in motor activity (horizontal and vertical) and the “hole-exploratory behavior”, an increase in the number of freezing and grooming reactions and the time of the first peeking out of the upper hole were revealed. It was shown that melatonin contributed to an increase in exploratory activity and a decrease in the number of anxiety acts in NL + mel group compared to NL group; the opposite effect of the hormone on these parameters was observed in LD + mel group. Conclusion . The obtained results indicate the important role of photoperiod and melatonin in regulating the behavior of seasonally breeding species.

E. P. Antonova

I. V. Baishnikova

A. G. Kizhina

V. A. Ilyukha

Effect of northwestern photoperiod and exogenous melatonin on the psychoemotional state of the Syrian hamsters (Mesocricetus auratus)

西北光周期和外源褪黑素对叙利亚仓鼠（Mesocricetus auratus）心理情绪状态的影响

Background . Acute upper respiratory tract infections and influenza, while maintaining high epidemiological, social and economic significance, have a major effect on the public health of countries and individual regions. The aim . To study the impact of influenza vaccination on the manifestations of the epidemic process of influenza and acute upper respiratory tract infections in the Irkutsk region. Materials and methods . Epidemiological analysis of the incidence of acute upper respiratory tract infections and influenza, analysis of influenza mortality and the impact of vaccination on these infections were performed using continuous samples of statistical data from the Directorate of Rospotrebnadzor in the Irkutsk Region for the period of 2003–2022 (forms 2, 5). Results . The intensity of the epidemic process of acute upper respiratory tract infections among the general population, children and adults during the observation period was characterized by an uneven course with a tendency towards increase. The dynamics of the incidence of acute upper respiratory tract infections in children and adults demonstrates multidirectional trends over the compared periods. The incidence of influenza in the general population had a steady downward trend, the decrease rate was –8.4 %. At the same time, there are significant changes in the intensity of the epidemic process in the compared periods. The proportion of adults increased in the structure of cases of acute upper respiratory tract infections, and the proportion of children increased in the structure of cases of influenza. Significant changes in the epidemic seasons of influenza are shown. Since the beginning of routine influenza vaccination in the region, the number of vaccinated people has increased annually – from 23.6 to 61.7 % of the population. Against the background of the influenza vaccination campaign, a statistically significant decrease in the incidence of acute upper respiratory tract infections among the general population and children under 14 years of age was registered (p &lt; 0.01). Conclusion . In the Irkutsk region, the epidemiological disadvantage for the studied infections persists. Increasing the regulated indicators of population coverage with preventive influenza vaccinations (75 % and more) will help reduce the incidence rate.

T. A. Bayanova

I. D. Zarva

N. A. Kravchenko

E. S. Stukova

Analysis of the incidence of influenza and acute upper respiratory tract infections under conditions of routine influenza vaccination

常规流感疫苗接种条件下流感及急性上呼吸道感染发病率分析

Background . Modern small incision surgery involves the use of injection systems for implanting intraocular lenses (IOLs) into a capsule bag. As with any other stage of cataract phacoemulsification, there are also risks of complications during implantation, consisting in damage to IOLs of varying severity from microcracks of optics to detachment of haptic lens elements. There is no convincing data on the effect of micro-destruction of the optical part of the IOL on the functional results of lens surgery, however, damage to the lens support elements affects the effective position of the IOL, which leads to visual defects (glare, flare) and the inability to achieve calculated refraction. Pinching and/or detachment of the IOL haptics during implantation is a rare situation that every ophthalmic surgeon can encounter. At the same time, there are isolated works on this topic in the literature that do not describe ways to prevent and resolve this complication. The aim . To demonstrate, using clinical examples, surgical tactics for pinching and tearing of haptics of intraocular lenses during implantation. Material and methods. Clinical cases are presented using the example of patients with pinching and detachment of IOL haptics during implantation. Results . The presented clinical cases reflect the features of surgery for damage to the supporting elements of the intraocular lens. Conclusion . Pinching of haptic elements in the injector during implantation surgery can be resolved by simple dissection of the cartridge with a keratome knife. In the case of a haptic detachment, the use of the method of rear “capture” of IOL optics in the presence of a haptic stump of sufficient size (1 mm or more) allows the lens to be securely fixed in the central position.

A. O. Direev

E. V. Egorova

Pinching and detachment of the intraocular lens haptics during implantation

植入过程中眼内晶状体袢的挤压与脱离

Juvenile idiopathic arthritis is a chronic inflammatory joint disease in children under 16 years of age associated with pathological immune response to various antigens. Probable factors are infectious and immunogenetic. The process begins with the activation of humoral immunity. One of the key components of juvenile idiopathic arthritis pathogenesis is damage to the vascular endothelium. Immune complex vasculitis develops with hemostasis and microcirculation disorders in synovial membrane. Proinflammatory cytokines are produced, causing the destruction of the synovial membrane of the joint, cartilage, bone, contributing to the chronicity of the inflammatory process. In patients with rheumatic diseases, hemostatic changes occur in 4.5–63 % of cases, especially with high activity of the inflammatory process. In juvenile idiopathic arthritis, hemostasis disorders include thrombinemia, decreased antithrombin III, increased D-dimer level, and decreased fibrinolysis activity. Thrombodynamics test in adults with rheumatoid arthritis has shown the presence of a chronic hypercoagulable state. Rheumatoid arthritis is a risk factor for thrombotic complications in adults. There are no data on the study of thrombodynamic parameters in juvenile idiopathic arthritis. Currently, the pathogenetic commonality between autoimmune diseases such as systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, and immune-mediated antiphospholipid syndrome is known. The mechanisms of development of antiphospholipid syndrome are associated with an imbalance in the hemostasis system under the influence of autoantibodies to phospholipids of cell membranes, which can interact with endothelial cells, various components of the coagulation system, causing thrombotic complications. The importance of studying immune-mediated antiphospholipid syndrome in juvenile idiopathic arthritis is beyond doubt, but data on this issue in the pediatric population are extremely limited, including the relationship of antiphospholipid syndrome with immune hemostasis parameters. Single studies of immune-mediated antiphospholipid syndrome in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis indicate that antiphospholipid syndrome markers are found in all variants of juvenile idiopathic arthritis, although thrombotic complications are rare.

M. V. Gomellya

A. V. Mironova

T. S. Krupskaya

A. V. Tatarinova

Cytokine status and hemostasis disorders in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis

儿童幼年特发性关节炎中的细胞因子状态和止血障碍

Publication Information	Publisher: Scientific Centre for Family Health and Human Reproduction Problems，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2017，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	7 weeks

Acta Biomedica Scientifica

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