ACM Transactions on Internet of Things

Movement disorders, such as Parkinson's disease, affect more than 10 million people worldwide. Gait analysis is a critical step in the diagnosis and rehabilitation of these disorders. Specifically, step length provides valuable insights into the gait quality and rehabilitation process. However, traditional approaches for estimating step length are not suitable for continuous daily monitoring since they rely on special mats and clinical environments. To address this limitation, we present a novel and practical step-length estimation technique using low-power wearable bend and inertial sensors. Experimental results show that the proposed model estimates step length with 5.49% mean absolute percentage error and provides accurate real-time feedback to the user.

Sizhe An

Yigit Tuncel

Toygun Basaklar

Gokul K. Krishnakumar

Ganapati Bhat

Umit Y. Ogras

<i>MGait</i> : Model-Based Gait Analysis Using Wearable Bend and Inertial Sensors

《MGait》：基于模型的步态分析使用可穿戴弯曲和惯性传感器

Drone delivery is envisioned to be the delivery mode of the future due to its capability to provide autonomous, end-to-end delivery. Such rapid growth of the drone market necessitates careful checks on drone flight delivery, as a failure in any of a drone’s parts can result in an overestimation of the drone’s battery life, an unexpected increase in delivery time, or even a drone crash. Prior works utilize onboard sensors to detect potential drone failures during flight, which is a reactive approach where the problem may have already occurred. In this work, we propose PADrone , a pre-flight and an automated drone abnormality detection system that leverages contactless radio frequency (RF)-based vibration sensing. PADrone utilizes an end-to-end deep learning pipeline to differentiate various abnormalities in motors, propellers, and other drone’s parts, by leveraging their unique vibration fingerprints . PADrone uses a frequency-modulated continuous wave (FMCW) radar-based RF system to capture these unique drone vibrations using an RF bandwidth of 150 MHz in the industrial, scientific, and medical (ISM) band (5.8 GHz). Our real-world evaluations show that PADrone can classify various drone abnormalities with an average accuracy of 97.5%.

Ghozali Suhariyanto Hadi

Soundarya Ramesh

Chan Mun Choon

PADrone: Pre-flight Abnormalities Detection on Drone via Deep RF Sensing

PADrone：基于深度射频感知的无人机飞行前异常检测

Ensuring safety in the mining industry is a critical concern for a nation's industrial advancement. Industry 4.0, characterized by the integration of advanced technologies, is at the forefront of efforts to enhance mining practices. Coal seams contain a range of hydrocarbon gases, predominantly methane, which is released in significant quantities during mining operations. Effectively mitigating methane emissions is imperative. The inclusion of methane forecasting allows for the early identification of potential methane emissions, hence results in significance enhancement in mine safety. The research work is focused on real-time remote monitoring and cloud-based forecasting of methane levels in underground coal mines. An Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) device is developed for data acquisition in underground coal mines, capturing essential parameters such as methane concentration, temperature, and humidity. The collected data are utilized to train LSTM based multivariate forecasting model. The trained model is subsequently deployed in the cloud. The experiment is performed in a mine of Eastern Coalfields Limited, India. After the deployment of the proposed model, the developed IIoT device transmits real-time data, obtained from the mine, to the cloud. Based on the real time data, our model conducts methane forecasting and communicates results back to the IIoT device. The device issues immediate alerts when methane levels surpass predefined thresholds. This ensures enhanced safety in mining operations by providing warnings for both current and forecasted methane concentrations. The forecasted methane concentrations, along with real-time data, are accessible through mobile applications and a web-based dashboard. The accuracy of the proposed model is measured by mean absolute error, mean absolute percentage error and root mean square error, which demonstrate values of 156.95 ppm, 4.23% and 191.53 ppm respectively. A comparative study is performed where our model is evaluated against the multivariate Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), Vector autoregression (VAR) and Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) models. The comparative study demonstrates that our developed model outperforms the others, showing superior results.

Soumyadeep Paty

Arindam Biswas

Supreeti Kamilya

Sonia Djebali

Guillaume Guerard

IoT-Enabled Methane Monitoring and LSTM-Based Forecasting System for Enhanced Safety in Underground Coal Mining

物联网驱动的甲烷监测与基于LSTM的预测系统，用于增强地下煤矿安全

Predicting air quality using multimodal data is crucial to comprehensively capture the diverse factors influencing atmospheric conditions. Therefore, this study introduces a multimodal learning framework that integrates outdoor images with traditional ground-based observations to improve the accuracy and reliability of air quality predictions. However, aligning and fusing these heterogeneous data sources pose a formidable challenge, further exacerbated by pervasive data incompleteness issues in practice. In this paper, we propose a novel incomplete multimodal learning approach (iMMAir) to recovery missing data for robust air quality prediction. Specifically, we first design a shallow feature extractor to capture modal-specific features within the latent representation space. Then we develop a conditional diffusion-driven recovery module to mitigate the distribution gap between the recovered and true data. This module further incorporates two conditional constraints of temporal correlation and semantic consistency for effective modal completion. Finally, we reconstruct incomplete modalities and fuse available data using a multimodal transformer network to predict the air quality. To alleviate the modality imbalance problem, we employ an adaptive gradient modulation strategy to adjust the optimization of each modality. Experimental results demonstrate that iMMAir significantly reduces prediction errors, outperforming baseline models by an average of 5.6% and 2.5% in air quality regression and classification tasks. Our source code and data are available at https://github.com/pestasu/IMMAir.

Jinxiao Fan

Mengshi Qi

Liang Liu

Huadong Ma

Diffusion-driven Incomplete Multimodal Learning for Air Quality Prediction

扩散驱动的多模态学习不完全性用于空气质量预测

Recent advancements in low-power electronics and machine-learning techniques have paved the way for innovative wearable IoT devices. However, these devices suffer from limited battery capacity and computational power. Hence, energy harvesting from ambient sources has emerged as a promising solution for powering low-energy wearables. Optimal management of the harvested energy is crucial for achieving energy-neutral operation and eliminating the need for frequent recharging. This task is challenging due to the dynamic nature of harvested energy and battery energy constraints. To tackle this challenge, we propose tinyMAN, a reinforcement learning-based energy management framework for resource-constrained wearable IoT devices. tinyMAN maximizes the target device utilization under battery energy constraints without relying on the harvested energy forecast, making it a prediction-free approach. It achieves up to 17% higher utility while reducing battery constraint violations by 80% compared to prior work. We also introduce tinyMAN-MO, a multi-objective extension of tinyMan for applications with time-varying energy demands. It learns the trade-off between meeting the application’s energy demand and maintaining the battery energy level. We deployed our framework on a wearable device prototype using TensorFlow Lite for Micro, leveraging its small (less than 120 KB) memory footprint. Evaluations show that tinyMAN-MO operates within 10% of the Pareto-optimal solutions with only 1.98 ms execution time and 23.17 μ J energy consumption overhead.

Umit Ogras

A Comprehensive Multi-Objective Energy Management Approach for Wearable Devices with Dynamic Energy Demands

一种针对动态能量需求的可穿戴设备综合多目标能量管理方法

Multi-sensor IoT devices often rely on renewable energy and batteries to support diverse field deployments. A device’s sensors use significant energy, so careful energy management is needed to maximize its operating time while meeting application requirements. Model Predictive Control (MPC), a successful energy management technique for other application domains, requires significant computational resources usually not available in typical IoT sensing devices. We develop and evaluate a low-complexity approximation to MPC for IoT device operations powered by renewable (solar) energy, where the approximation is guided by the charging characteristics of real batteries. The complex MPC optimization problem is solved by decomposing it into a time-dependent energy allocation problem, and a task-dependent sensor scheduling problem, each of which is solvable with cubic time complexity. We utilize a novel combination of an incremental max-min fair allocation method and a recursive dynamic programming-like procedure. This low-complexity predictive optimization step is integrated with a very simple parabola-based adaptive solar prediction to provide a full system solution, termed Predictive EneRgy Management for IoT (PERMIT) , that can be implemented in lightweight IoT devices. PERMIT is evaluated through experiments on a solar-powered Raspberry Pi device with multiple sensors. We also complement our evaluations with simulations based on real device data traces. Results show that PERMIT’s low-complexity algorithm approximates the exact MPC solution very closely. PERMIT also performs significantly better than Signpost, a comparable IoT energy management solution.

Elizabeth Liri

K. K. Ramakrishnan

Koushik Kar

Geoff Lyon

Puneet Sharma

Efficient and Lightweight Model-Predictive IoT Energy Management

高效轻量级模型预测物联网能源管理

The development of the Digital Twin (DT) approach is tilting research from initial approaches that aim to promote early adoption to sophisticated attempts to develop, deploy, and maintain applications based on DTs. In this context, we propose a highly dynamic and distributed ecosystem where containerized DTs co-evolve with an orchestration middleware. DTs provide digitalized representations of the targeted physical systems, while the orchestration middleware monitors and re-configures the deployed DTs in light of application constraints, available resources, and the quality of cyber-physical entanglement. First, we lay out the reference scenario. Then, we discuss the limitations of current approaches and identify a set of requirements that shape both DTs and the orchestration middleware. Subsequently, we describe a blueprint architecture that meets those requirements. Finally, we report empirical evidence on both the feasibility and the effectiveness of a proof-of-concept implementation of the proposed ecosystem.

Abbreviation	ACM Trans. Internet Things
Journal Impact	3.68
Quartiles(Global)	TELECOMMUNICATIONS(Q2)

ISSN	2577-6207, 2691-1914
h-index	12

Publication Information	Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2020，Proportion of original research papers: 93.75%，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate: 1.15%

ACM Transactions on Internet of Things

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience

MGait : Model-Based Gait Analysis Using Wearable Bend and Inertial Sensors

PADrone: Pre-flight Abnormalities Detection on Drone via Deep RF Sensing

IoT-Enabled Methane Monitoring and LSTM-Based Forecasting System for Enhanced Safety in Underground Coal Mining

Diffusion-driven Incomplete Multimodal Learning for Air Quality Prediction

A Comprehensive Multi-Objective Energy Management Approach for Wearable Devices with Dynamic Energy Demands

PADrone: Pre-flight Abnormalities Detection on Drone via Deep RF Sensing

IoT-Enabled Methane Monitoring and LSTM-Based Forecasting System for Enhanced Safety in Underground Coal Mining

Diffusion-driven Incomplete Multimodal Learning for Air Quality Prediction

Efficient and Lightweight Model-Predictive IoT Energy Management

An Entanglement-Aware Middleware for Digital Twins