AWWA Water Science

Abstract Lithium was included in the fifth Unregulated Contaminants Monitoring Rule, signaling the Environmental Protection Agency's interest in regulating lithium. Many questions regarding occurrence, health effects, and treatability of lithium exist. This review primarily focuses on the relationship between lithium chemistry and treatability. Sampling indicates nationwide lithium occurrence in drinking water. Yet, lithium is not included in the Integrated Risk Information System, reflecting a lack of censuses regarding its health effects. Aqueous lithium is a monovalent cation with size, charge density, and solubility properties that present treatment challenges. Lithium's growing economic value is stimulating new extraction and isolation technologies, but these may not be transferable to drinking water treatment. Currently, reverse osmosis is the only full‐scale drinking water treatment technology that can reliably remove significant levels (&gt;50%) of lithium. Focusing future research efforts on electrodialysis and inorganic ion sieves may yield significant gains in effectiveness and readiness for the drinking water industry.

Julie A. Korak

Philip J. Brandhuber

Joseph E. Goodwill

Lithium in drinking water: Review of chemistry, analytical methods, and treatment technologies

饮用水中的锂：化学、分析方法及处理技术综述

Abstract Interest is growing in direct potable reuse where advanced‐treated water and raw water are blended and fed directly to a water treatment plant (WTP). However, the impacts of raw water augmentation on treatability at drinking water treatment plants have not been studied extensively. A pilot‐scale treatment system, consisting of coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, and filtration, was set up at a WTP to treat potential future blends of advanced‐treated water and current raw water. The pilot plant was run with blends from 20% to 100% advanced‐treated water at a range of filtration rates (2–9 gpm/sf) and coagulant doses. Under all conditions, filterable water was produced, achieving acceptable turbidity removal. Turbidity removal by sedimentation was variable (30%–90%). Filtration performance was more consistent, exceeding 90% turbidity reduction under all conditions and achieving lower headloss accumulation rates at higher advanced‐treated water share. These results are optimistic for potable reuse schemes featuring raw water augmentation.

Hari Seshan

Michael J. Adelman

Paige J. Russell

Joseph Quicho

Daniel Daft

Thomas Watson

A pilot‐scale study of potable reuse impacts on surface water treatment

饮用水回用对地表水处理影响的试点规模研究

Abstract In 2015, the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) set a target fluoride level for drinking water at 0.7 mg/L to maximize oral health benefits while minimizing any potential harms. Using water fluoridation operational data reported by water systems to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Water Fluoridation Reporting System (WFRS) during 2016–2021, this study assesses how water systems performed around this target. The authors summarize completeness of data reporting, assess the distribution of monthly average fluoride readings (MAFR) values, and evaluate precision in maintaining fluoride levels. About 69% of adjusting systems provided data, with an average completeness of 63.8% among them. MAFR mean was 0.71 mg/L (SD: 0.20 mg/L), indicating that water systems have primarily adopted the USPHS target. About 76% of MAFRs fell ± 0.1 mg/L around the reporting system point's mean, indicating feasibility in maintaining precision around a target. State programs and water systems could work together to improve data quality and educate operators on best practices.

Theresa J. Boehmer

Erin K. Hamilton

Srdjan Lesaja

Bertram Thomas

Lorena Espinoza

Rachel Kaufmann

Chandresh N. Ladva

2015 United States Public Health Service optimal fluoride level adherence and operation among adjusting water systems in 40 states: 2016–2021

2015年美国公共卫生服务最佳氟化物水平在40个州调整水系统中的遵守情况与运营：2016-2021年

Abstract An established body of research over many decades has identified the importance of both bulk‐water and pipe scale surface microenvironment buffering to meet distribution system pH targets and reduce corrosivity toward metallic piping and components. Buffer intensity quantifies the ability of water to resist pH changes, and the greater the buffer intensity, the more resistant the water is to pH changes. To provide a practical tool for exploring buffer intensity, a buffer intensity simulator (BIS) was implemented in open‐source R code, incorporating typical chemical species (e.g., carbonate and orthophosphate) that contribute to drinking water buffer intensity along with temperature and ionic strength impacts. The BIS was verified against a parallel spreadsheet implementation and is publicly available at https://github.com/USEPA/BIS . Simulations were conducted to illustrate impacts related to buffer intensity using three practical scenarios: carbonate buffering in drinking waters, temperature impacts, and free ammonia presence from chloramine use and/or source water presence.

David G. Wahman

Michael R. Schock

Darren A. Lytle

Drinking water buffer intensity simulator (<scp>BIS</scp>): Development and practical simulations

饮用水缓冲强度模拟器（BIS）：开发与实际模拟

Abstract The proliferation of harmful cyanobacterial blooms poses a threat to the ecosystem and human health. Microcystins (MCs) are the most frequently detected cyanotoxin released by cyanobacteria, including Microcystis sp. Our study aimed to isolate potential MC‐degrading bacteria in Sri Lankan freshwater and determine their possible MC‐degradation pathways. Twenty‐two morphologically distinct bacterial strains from 13 freshwater bodies were isolated following the enrichment assay. MC‐biodegradation assays further confirmed the MC‐degradation potential of 21 strains, with Bacillus being the predominant genus. The strain Bacillus altitudinis BL1, isolated from Beira Lake, showed the highest efficiency in Microcystis sp. cell lysis (80%) and MC‐degradation (87%). PCR assay results confirmed the absence of mlr ABCD genes in all strains, indicating the presence of uncharacterized alternative MC‐degradation mechanisms that require further exploration. The dual functions of Microcystis sp. cell lysis and MC‐degradation in 21 strains support developing efficient bacteria‐mediated strategies to remediate microcystins and eradicate Microcystis ‐blooms in tropical freshwaters.

Madhuni Madhushika Wijesooriya

Kanaji Masakorala

Widana Gamage Shirani Manel Kumari

The role of genus <i>Bacillus</i> in biodegradation of microcystins: Implications for the removal of cyanotoxins from tropical freshwaters

芽孢杆菌属在微囊藻毒素生物降解中的作用：对热带淡水除藻毒素的启示

ISSN	2577-8161
h-index	14

Publication Information	Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2019，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

AWWA Water Science

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Lithium in drinking water: Review of chemistry, analytical methods, and treatment technologies

A pilot‐scale study of potable reuse impacts on surface water treatment

2015 United States Public Health Service optimal fluoride level adherence and operation among adjusting water systems in 40 states: 2016–2021

Drinking water buffer intensity simulator (BIS): Development and practical simulations

The role of genus Bacillus in biodegradation of microcystins: Implications for the removal of cyanotoxins from tropical freshwaters

Lithium in drinking water: Review of chemistry, analytical methods, and treatment technologies

A pilot‐scale study of potable reuse impacts on surface water treatment

2015 United States Public Health Service optimal fluoride level adherence and operation among adjusting water systems in 40 states: 2016–2021

Drinking water buffer intensity simulator (BIS): Development and practical simulations

The role of genus Bacillus in biodegradation of microcystins: Implications for the removal of cyanotoxins from tropical freshwaters