Chemical Methodologies

One of the most common causes of death in today's society is cancer. The treatments used in the treatment of cancers have their own side effects that have created many problems in the complete treatment of cancer. In classical and conventional drug delivery systems, the drug is distributed aimlessly and generally throughout the body, and the cells take part in the drug from the blood based on their position relative to the drug. As a result, a significant amount of the drug is wasted and eliminated without being used by the body. The most important disadvantages of the old methods of drug delivery are drug wastage, high cost of raw materials, the occurrence of side effects related to the dose, physical and chemical incompatibilities, as well as clinical drug interactions. Nano-liposomes are nanometer-scale liposomes that are one of the most useful drug delivery systems in the field of drug release and retention, which both provides a higher level than liposomes and increases solubility and access to bioavailability as well as improved drug release. Important reasons for the use of nano-liposomes in the pharmaceutical industry are their similarity to cell membranes and trapping of hydrophobic and hydrophilic substances, drug delivery to the target tissue, control of drug flow in the bloodstream and good biocompatibility. Another important feature of nano-liposomes is the coating of water-soluble drugs in the central aqueous portion and fat-soluble drugs within its bilayer membrane. Nano liposomes can be effective in reducing drug toxicity and increasing drug efficacy. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26457776.2021.5.2.6.2

Ali Hatami

Amir Heydarinasab

Azim Akbarzadehkhiyavi

Farshid Pajoum Shariati

An Introduction to Nanotechnology and Drug Delivery

纳米技术与药物递送简介

In the current study, we attempted to introduce a novel approach to stop the fire spread in all type of fires and improve the fire and explosion safety for LNG storage. In so doing, we relied on the application of innovative technology “Sogda”. The design of a screen Sogda consists of two parallel metallic grids stretched over metallic frames. Active special water spray nozzles located between two parallel fixed grids creates water film on the surface of grid and water vapor droplet-air medium in the space between two parallel grids. This complex process partially attenuates the radiant heat flow from 45 to 100 kW/m2 or more times, representing mainly in electromagnetic waves in an IR diapason, as a result of thermo-physical effects and it is optical phenomena that prevent the passage of explosive, toxic gases.

Abykanova B.

Karatayeva K.

Shazhdekeyeva N.

Suleimenova B.

Bekova G.

Kochshanova G.

Yerekeshova A.

Urazgaliyeva M.

A Novel Approach to Stop the Fire Spread, Hazardous Gases and Radionuclides

一种新型方法阻止火灾蔓延、有害气体和放射性核素

Lipid polymer hybrid nanoparticles [LPHNPs] are a system of nanoparticles which are a mixture of lipid monolayer shell and biodegradable polymer core developed for intelligent drug delivery of anti-cancer drugs. The present study aimed to develop and optimize LPHNPs for targeted delivery of etoposide anticancer drug through designing an experiment with Response Surface Methodology [RSM] and Central Composite Design [CCD] with quantitative control of three independent variables of lipid, polymer and polyvinyl alcohol [PVA] percentage which examined their effect on nanoparticle size and encapsulation efficiency [EE]. LPHNPs were prepared by one-step nanoprecipitation method. The results showed the optimizing of the tested values ​​of polymer, lipid and %PVA. Lipid-polymer hybrid formulation was reported to be about 14% after 80 hr. The cytotoxicity effect of etoposide-containing LPHNPs for lung cancer cell lines A-549 and Calu6 showed higher antitumor activity compared with the free drug used. Further, the results showed that the high polymer concentration led to more space for drug enclosure and created a relatively compact matrix; therefore, the drug encapsulation efficiency increased as the amount of polymer increased. In LPHNPs, increasing the amount of polymer, lipid and increasing the percentage of PVA used in nanocarrier synthesis generally improved particle size and encapsulation efficiency. The results also showed that LPHNPs could be effective for the delivery of hydrophobic drugs such as etoposide.
DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26457776.2021.5.2.5.1

Fatemeh Zare Kazemabadi

Mehdi Ardjmand

Development, Optimization and In vitro Evaluation of Etoposide loaded Lipid Polymer Hybrid Nanoparticles for controlled Drug Delivery on Lung Cancer

依托泊苷脂质聚合物杂化纳米粒的制备、优化及体外评价用于肺癌的控释药物递送

Using a solid-phase extraction for the determination of VPA, this study aimed to prepare a valproic acid (VPA) imprinted silica gel adsorbent by surface molecular imprinting technique. VPA-imprinted silica adsorbent was characterized by FTIR spectroscopy. The VPA adsorption from solutions was studied in SPE mode. All influenced parameters on adsorption efficiency, including the elution concentration, MIP amount, VPA concentration, pH and salting effect, sample flow rate, column performance repeatability (relative standard deviation) were optimized independently. The prepared adsorbent showed significant adsorption capacity and selectivity for VPA. In the condition of sodium hydroxide solution (0.1 M), MIP polymer (250 mg), VPA (10-4M), sample flow rate (1 ml min-1), pH around 2-6 in the presence of 4 % NaCl, total VPA retention showed better reproducibility than 5%. Recovery of VPA was about 94.6 to 98.1% and the relative standard deviation was less than 5.69%.  These results demonstrated that the prepared adsorbent can be used to measure VPA in biological samples.

Elahe Karimi

Naser Abbasi

Shahryar Abbasi

Mohammad Taghi Vardini

Solid-phase Extraction of Valproic Acid Using a Surfaced Imprinted Silica Gel Adsorbent

表面印迹硅胶吸附剂固相萃取丙戊酸

In this study, two efficient applications for a novel modified polymer (polyethylene terephthalate [PET] modified with AgCl nanoparticles) were proposed and experimentally evaluated. First, PET-AgCl NPs were applied as an adsorbent to remove methylene blue (MB) dye, and the effect of pH, incubation time, concentration of MB, and temperature on the dye removal were studied and optimized to improve dye removal efficiency. The optimum condition included pH 9, temperature 45 ⁰C, and incubation time 24 h. The adsorption fitted the Temkin isotherm model. In the other part of the study, a composite of PET-AgCl NPs with multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was used to modify the gold electrode in order to detect MB dye.  The modified electrode exhibited a linear detection range, 5 μM to 10 nM, with a detection limit of 4.6 nM. DOR: https://dorl.net/dor/20.1001.1.26457776.2021.5.2.2.8

Mitra Alidadykhoh

Hossein Pyman

Hamideh Roshanfekr

Application of a New Polymer Agcl Nanoparticles Coated Polyethylene Terephetalat [PET] as Adsorbent for Removal and Electrochemical Determination of Methylene Blue Dye

新型聚合物AgCl纳米颗粒包覆聚对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯[PET]作为吸附剂用于亚甲基蓝染料的去除和电化学测定

This study describes preparation a new series of complexes from metal ions Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) with Schiff base (L) derived from condensation of vanillin with ethylenediamine . Structures of the ligands were identified using IR, UV-Vis, Mass, elemental analysis and 1H-NMR techniques. All prepared complexes have been identified by recording the melting points, conductivity, FT-IR , UV-Vis spectroscopy, metal analysis by atomic absorption, elemental analysis (CHNO) and measuring magnetic and. All compounds studies biological activity (E. Coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger), the activity of bacteria was examined and the results showed that their mineral complexes have good antibacterial activities.

Sahar Mohammed Kareem

Naser Shaalan

Synthesis, Charactarization, and Biological Activity Study of Some New Metal Ions Complexes with Schiff Base Derived from Vanilin and Ethylenediamine

合成、表征及生物活性研究：以香草醛和乙二胺为原料的Schiff碱与一些新金属离子配合物

This study describes a rapid and sensitive method for determination of Losartan potassium (LOS-K) in pure and medication forms. The method is depended upon the reaction of LOS-K with Silicotungestic acid in salt medium for the formation of a white precipitate. The new precipitate was monitored and measured using homemade Ayah 6SXI-T-2D Solar cell analyzer in combination with a continuous flow injection technique. Reagent concentration, acid medium, flow rate, sample volume, purge time, and delay coil reaction are all chemical and physical characteristics that have been investigated and optimized. The linear dynamic range of LOS-K was 0.05-2 mMol/L with linearity percentage (r2%) 99.56 %. Limit of detection (LOD) was 3.62 µg/sample and LOQ=18.28 µg/sample. A comparison between developed method and classical methods (UV-Spectrophotometry at λmax= 232 nm) was made. The proposed method was successfully applied for determination of LOS-K in the pharmaceutical samples and can be used as an alternative method.

Firas T. Kareem

Mohammad K. Hammood

Determination of the Quantity of Losartan Active Ingredient in the Medication Formulations via Turbidimetric-Flow Injection Technique

通过浊度-流动注射技术测定药物制剂中洛沙坦活性成分的含量

At four different temperatures, a sol-gel technique was used to create ZnS semiconductor nanoparticles using zinc acetate and Sodium sulphid as source materials of Zn and S, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to determine the particle size and surface morphology of the produced ZnS nanoparticles, showing a spherical ZnS particle with a diameter of about 24 nm. The cubic crystal structure of ZnS was found by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The zinc-sulfur band can be seen at 420 cm-1 in spectroscopy. The visible and ultraviolet absorption spectra of ZnS NP revealed a blue shift at a maximum of 315 nm.

Alaa Abd Al-Zahra

Abdul Karim M. A. Al-Sammarraie

Synthesis and Characterization of Zinc Sulfide Nanostructure by Sol Gel Method

溶胶-凝胶法制备硫化锌纳米结构的合成与表征

To further study novel N-aceyl, N-thiourea and imidazole derivatives were synthesized. We used a multi-step reaction protocol that began with symmetrical 4-amino- 1,2,4-Triazole [I]. The new Schiff base [II] was derived by condensation of compound [I] with 4-aminoacetophenone in Ethanol and some drops from glacial acetic acid as a catalyst, whereas the Schiff base [III] was synthesized by reacting compound [II] with 4-hydroxyacetophenone in ethanol. N- acyl derivative [IV] was prepared by addition reaction of acetyl chloride to azomethine group of Schiff base [III]  in dry benzene. Then, N-thiourea derivative [V] was prepared from reaction of thiourea with N-aceyl derivative [IV] in alkaline solution. The third step involved cyclization reaction of derivative [V] with 2-hydroxy-1,2-diphenylethan-1-one in dimethyl formamide (DMF) to obtain new imidazole derivative [VI]. The synthesized compounds were characterized on the spectroscopic data and their physical properties. Also, we studied the anti-bacterial activity of the prepared compounds against three types of bacteria: Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, some of which showed best antibacterial activity comparable with Ampicillin, as standard antibiotic. Furthermore, the cytotoxic effect of various concentrations of the prepared compounds [II] and [VI] was investigated against MCF-7 (human breast carcinoma cells), Hep G2 (human liver cancer cell line) and WRL-68 (human hepatic cell line), revealing a moderate activity at 400 μl/ml, which had no effect on the growth of normal WRL-68 cells, and confirmed the safety of using this type of molecules in medications.

Shamsalmiluk Mohammed Abdulghani

Muna Sameer Al-Rawi

Jumbad Hermiz Tomma

Synthesis of New 1,2,4-Triazole Derivatives with Expected Biological Activities

新型1,2,4-三唑衍生物的合成及其预期生物活性

Corrosion is considered as the most common cause of steel material property degradation, while coatings are effective and popular corrosion protection methods. Coatings come in a variety of forms, each with its own set of effectiveness, methods and constituents. This study used an electrochemical oxidation approach to make Poly [N-(4-Methoxy Phenyl) maleamic acid] from monomer [N-(4-Methoxy Phenyl) maleamic acid] (NPM) in a 3.5% seawater solution. On a low carbon steel [L.C.S] electrode (working electrode), a polymer film was produced. The polymer was created, according to infrared, SEM and FTIR examinations. Using the electrochemical polarization approach, the anticorrosion function of polymer films on L.C.S was examined. Also, adding nanoparticles (NP), like CuO and ZnO to the monomer solution improved the polymers anticorrosion. The results revealed that there was an increase in the L.C.S corrosion rate with the increase of temperature from 293K to 323K, while the values related to coatings polymer inhibition efficiency improved with NPs addition. For the corrosion of L.C.S in salt medium prior to and following polymeric coating, thermodynamic and kinetic activation parameters were estimated. The impact of preparing polymers on certain bacteria strains was also investigated.

Rawaa Abbas Mohammed

Khulood A. Saleh

Conducting Poly[N-(4-Methoxy Phenyl)Maleamic Acid]/Metals Oxides Nanocomposites for Corrosion Protection and Bioactivity Applications

导电聚[N-(4-甲氧基苯基)马来酰胺酸]/金属氧化物纳米复合材料用于腐蚀防护和生物活性应用

Abbreviation	Chem. Methodol.
Journal Impact	3.51
Quartiles(Global)	CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q2)

Publication Information	Publisher: Sami Publishing Company，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2022，Proportion of original research papers: 98.94%，Self Citation Rate:5.70%， Gold OA Rate: 1.80%

Chemical Methodologies

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