Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence

Rapid development of biotechnology has led to the generation of vast amounts of multi-omics data, necessitating the advancement of bioinformatics and artificial intelligence to enable computational modeling to diagnose and predict clinical outcome. Both conventional machine learning and new deep learning algorithms screen existing data unbiasedly to uncover patterns and create models that can be valuable in informing clinical decisions. We summarized published literature on the use of AI models trained on omics datasets, with and without clinical data, to diagnose, risk-stratify, and predict survivability of patients with non-malignant liver diseases. A total of 20 different models were tested in selected studies. Generally, the addition of omics data to regular clinical parameters or individual biomarkers improved the AI model performance. For instance, using NAFLD fibrosis score to distinguish F0-F2 from F3-F4 fibrotic stages, the area under the curve (AUC) was 0.87. When integrating metabolomic data by a GMLVQ model, the AUC drastically improved to 0.99. The use of RF on multi-omics and clinical data in another study to predict progression of NAFLD to NASH resulted in an AUC of 0.84, compared to 0.82 when using clinical data only. A comparison of RF, SVM and kNN models on genomics data to classify immune tolerant phase in chronic hepatitis B resulted in AUC of 0.8793–0.8838 compared to 0.6759–0.7276 when using various serum biomarkers. Overall, the integration of omics was shown to improve prediction performance compared to models built only on clinical parameters, indicating a potential use for personalized medicine in clinical setting.

Cristina Baciu

Cherry Xu

Mouaid Alim

Khairunnadiya Prayitno

Mamatha Bhat

Artificial intelligence applied to omics data in liver diseases: Enhancing clinical predictions

Introduction Computerized sentiment detection, based on artificial intelligence and computer vision, has become essential in recent years. Thanks to developments in deep neural networks, this technology can now account for environmental, social, and cultural factors, as well as facial expressions. We aim to create more empathetic systems for various purposes, from medicine to interpreting emotional interactions on social media. Methods To develop this technology, we combined authentic images from various databases, including EMOTIC (ADE20K, MSCOCO), EMODB_SMALL, and FRAMESDB, to train our models. We developed two sophisticated algorithms based on deep learning techniques, DCNN and VGG19. By optimizing the hyperparameters of our models, we analyze context and body language to improve our understanding of human emotions in images. We merge the 26 discrete emotional categories with the three continuous emotional dimensions to identify emotions in context. The proposed pipeline is completed by fusing our models. Results We adjusted the parameters to outperform previous methods in capturing various emotions in different contexts. Our study showed that the Sentiment_recognition_model and VGG19_contexte increased mAP by 42.81% and 44.12%, respectively, surpassing the results of previous studies. Discussion This groundbreaking research could significantly improve contextual emotion recognition in images. The implications of these promising results are far-reaching, extending to diverse fields such as social robotics, affective computing, human-machine interaction, and human-robot communication.

Fatiha Limami

Boutaina Hdioud

Rachid Oulad Haj Thami

Contextual emotion detection in images using deep learning

With the recent explosion in the amount, the variety, and the dimensionality of available data, identifying, extracting, and exploiting their underlying structure has become a problem of fundamental importance for data analysis and statistical learning. Topological data analysis ( tda ) is a recent and fast-growing field providing a set of new topological and geometric tools to infer relevant features for possibly complex data. It proposes new well-founded mathematical theories and computational tools that can be used independently or in combination with other data analysis and statistical learning techniques. This article is a brief introduction, through a few selected topics, to basic fundamental and practical aspects of tda for nonexperts.

Frédéric Chazal

Bertrand Michel

Front. Artif. Intell.

An Introduction to Topological Data Analysis: Fundamental and Practical Aspects for Data Scientists

Deep neural networks (DNNs) are typically trained using the conventional stochastic gradient descent (SGD) algorithm. However, SGD performs poorly when applied to train networks on non-ideal analog hardware composed of resistive device arrays with non-symmetric conductance modulation characteristics. Recently we proposed a new algorithm, the Tiki-Taka algorithm, that overcomes this stringent symmetry requirement. Here we build on top of Tiki-Taka and describe a more robust algorithm that further relaxes other stringent hardware requirements. This more robust second version of the Tiki-Taka algorithm (referred to as TTv2) 1. decreases the number of device conductance states requirement from 1000s of states to only 10s of states, 2. increases the noise tolerance to the device conductance modulations by about 100x, and 3. increases the noise tolerance to the matrix-vector multiplication performed by the analog arrays by about 10x. Empirical simulation results show that TTv2 can train various neural networks close to their ideal accuracy even at extremely noisy hardware settings. TTv2 achieves these capabilities by complementing the original Tiki-Taka algorithm with lightweight and low computational complexity digital filtering operations performed outside the analog arrays. Therefore, the implementation cost of TTv2 compared to SGD and Tiki-Taka is minimal, and it maintains the usual power and speed benefits of using analog hardware for training workloads. Here we also show how to extract the neural network from the analog hardware once the training is complete for further model deployment. Similar to Bayesian model averaging, we form analog hardware compatible averages over the neural network weights derived from TTv2 iterates. This model average then can be transferred to another analog or digital hardware with notable improvements in test accuracy, transcending the trained model itself. In short, we describe an end-to-end training and model extraction technique for extremely noisy crossbar-based analog hardware that can be used to accelerate DNN training workloads and match the performance of full-precision SGD.

Tayfun Gokmen

Enabling Training of Neural Networks on Noisy Hardware

Social media has become an important resource for discussing, sharing, and seeking information pertinent to rare diseases by patients and their families, given the low prevalence in the extraordinarily sparse populations. In our previous study, we identified prevalent topics from Reddit via topic modeling for cystic fibrosis (CF). While we were able to derive/access concerns/needs/questions of patients with CF, we observed challenges and issues with the traditional techniques of topic modeling, e.g., Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), for fulfilling the task of topic extraction. Thus, here we present our experiments to extend the previous study with an aim of improving the performance of topic modeling, by experimenting with LDA model optimization and examination of the Top2Vec model with different embedding models. With the demonstrated results with higher coherence and qualitatively higher human readability of derived topics, we implemented the Top2Vec model with doc2vec as the embedding model as our final model to extract topics from a subreddit of CF ("r/CysticFibrosis") and proposed to expand its use with other types of social media data for other rare diseases for better assessing patients' needs with social media data.

Bradley Karas

Sue Qu

Yanji Xu

Qian Zhu

Experiments with LDA and Top2Vec for embedded topic discovery on social media data—A case study of cystic fibrosis

Many industries utilize deep learning methods to increase efficiency and reduce costs. One of these methods, image segmentation, is used for object detection and recognition in localization and mapping. Segmentation models are trained using labeled datasets; however, manually creating datasets for every application, including deep-level mining, is time-consuming and typically expensive. Recently, many papers have shown that using synthetic datasets (digital recreations of real-world scenes) for training produces highly-accurate segmentation models. This paper proposes a synthetic segmentation dataset generator using a 3D modeling framework and raycaster. The generator was applied to a deep-level mining case study and produced a dataset containing labeled images of scenes typically found in this environment, therefore removing the requirement to create the dataset manually. Validation showed high accuracy segmentation after model training using the generated dataset (compared to other applications that use real-world datasets). Furthermore, the generator can be customized to produce datasets for many other applications.

Wilhelm Johannes Kilian

Jaco Prinsloo

Jan Vosloo

Stéphan Taljaard

A synthetic segmentation dataset generator using a 3D modeling framework and raycaster: a mining industry application

使用3D建模框架和光线投射器的合成分割数据集生成器：矿业应用

A novel methodology for dataset augmentation in the semantic segmentation of coil-coated surface degradation is presented in this study. Deep convolutional generative adversarial networks (DCGAN) are employed to generate synthetic input-target pairs, which closely resemble real-world data, with the goal of expanding an existing dataset. These augmented datasets are used to train two state-of-the-art models, U-net, and DeepLabV3, for the precise detection of degradation areas around scribes. In a series of experiments, it was demonstrated that the introduction of synthetic data improves the models' performance in detecting degradation, especially when the ratio of synthetic to real data is carefully managed. Results indicate that optimal improvements in accuracy and F1-score are achieved when the ratio of synthetic to original data is between 0.2 and 0.5. Moreover, the advantages and limitations of different GAN architectures for dataset expansion are explored, with specific attention to their ability to produce realistic and diverse samples. This work offers a scalable solution to the challenges associated with creating large and diverse annotated datasets for industrial applications of coil coating degradation assessment. The proposed approach provides a significant contribution by improving model generalization and segmentation accuracy while reducing the burden of manual data annotation. These findings have important implications for industries relying on coil coatings, as more efficient and accurate degradation detection methods are enabled.

Dominik Stursa

Pavel Rozsival

Petr Dolezel

Efficient dataset extension using generative networks for assessing degree of coating degradation around scribe

利用生成网络高效扩展数据集以评估刻痕周围涂层降解程度

Introduction The convergence of healthcare with the Internet of Things (IoT) and Artificial Intelligence (AI) is reshaping medical practice with promising enhanced data-driven insights, automated decision-making, and remote patient monitoring. It has the transformative potential of these technologies to revolutionize diagnosis, treatment, and patient care. Purpose This study aims to explore the integration of IoT and AI in healthcare, outlining their applications, benefits, challenges, and potential risks. By synthesizing existing literature, this study aims to provide insights into the current landscape of AI, IoT, and AIoT in healthcare, identify areas for future research and development, and establish a framework for the effective use of AI in health. Method A comprehensive literature review included indexed databases such as PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Key search terms related to IoT, AI, healthcare, and medicine were employed to identify relevant studies. Papers were screened based on their relevance to the specified themes, and eventually, a selected number of papers were methodically chosen for this review. Results The integration of IoT and AI in healthcare offers significant advancements, including remote patient monitoring, personalized medicine, and operational efficiency. Wearable sensors, cloud-based data storage, and AI-driven algorithms enable real-time data collection, disease diagnosis, and treatment planning. However, challenges such as data privacy, algorithmic bias, and regulatory compliance must be addressed to ensure responsible deployment of these technologies. Conclusion Integrating IoT and AI in healthcare holds immense promise for improving patient outcomes and optimizing healthcare delivery. Despite challenges such as data privacy concerns and algorithmic biases, the transformative potential of these technologies cannot be overstated. Clear governance frameworks, transparent AI decision-making processes, and ethical considerations are essential to mitigate risks and harness the full benefits of IoT and AI in healthcare.

Poshan Belbase

Rajan Bhusal

Sapana Sharma Ghimire

Shreesti Sharma

Bibek Banskota

Assuring assistance to healthcare and medicine: Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence, and Artificial Intelligence of Things

保障医疗与医药的辅助：物联网、人工智能及人工智能物联网

The use of Financial Technology (Fintech) has been proposed as a promising way to bridge the gender gap, both financially and socially. However, there is evidence that Fintech is far from achieving this objective, and that women's perceptions of Fintech usages are not clear. Therefore, the main objective of the this study is to segment women's perceptions toward Fintech tools and interpret these segments using machine learning methods. Two primary segments of women were produced, namely a “Fintech-friendly” group and a “Fintech-sceptical” group. The importance and reasonings behind the aforementioned segmentation are then examined. The most prominent factors affecting a woman being in the “Fintech-friendly” group are the perceived benefits of Fintech tools compared to the traditional ones, such as ease of usage, time-space convenience, and its advantageous nature. Finally, for Fintech stakeholders, implications for usability, ease, Fintech education, and tailored experiences may be advantageous approaches.

Christos Adam

Segmenting female students' perceptions about Fintech using Explainable AI

使用可解释人工智能细分女学生对金融科技的看法

The construction industry is rapidly adopting Industry 4.0 technologies, creating new opportunities to address persistent environmental and operational challenges. This review focuses on how Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), and Deep Learning (DL) are being leveraged to tackle these issues. It specifically explores AI’s role in predicting air pollution, improving material quality, monitoring worker health and safety, and enhancing Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) for construction. This study evaluates various AI and ML models, including Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Support Vector Machines SVMs, as well as optimization techniques like whale and moth flame optimization. These tools are assessed for their ability to predict air pollutant levels, improve concrete quality, and monitor worker safety in real time. Research papers were also reviewed to understand AI’s application in predicting the compressive strength of materials like cement mortar, fly ash, and stabilized clay soil. The performance of these models is measured using metrics such as coefficient of determination ( R 2 ), Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE). Furthermore, AI has shown promise in predicting and reducing emissions of air pollutants such as PM2.5, PM10, NO 2 , CO, SO 2 , and O 3 . In addition, it improves construction material quality and ensures worker safety by monitoring health indicators like standing postures, electrocardiogram, and galvanic skin response. It is also concluded that AI technologies, including Explainable AI and Petri Nets, are also making advancements in CPS for the construction industry. The models’ performance metrics indicate they are well-suited for real-time construction operations. The study highlights the adaptability and effectiveness of these technologies in meeting current and future construction needs. However, gaps remain in certain areas of research, such as broader AI integration across diverse construction environments and the need for further validation of models in real-world applications. Finally, this research underscores the potential of AI and ML to revolutionize the construction industry by promoting sustainable practices, improving operational efficiency, and addressing safety concerns. It also provides a roadmap for future research, offering valuable insights for industry stakeholders interested in adopting AI technologies.

Eliezer Zahid Gill

Daniela Cardone

Alessia Amelio

Revolutionizing the construction industry by cutting edge artificial intelligence approaches: a review

通过前沿人工智能方法革新建筑行业：综述

短名	Front. Artif. Intell.
Journal Impact	2.81
国际分区	COMPUTER SCIENCE, INFORMATION SYSTEMS(Q2)

ISSN	2624-8212
h-index	32

涉及主题	计算机科学人工智能数学生物机器学习心理学哲学医学经济工程类物理政治学统计法学语言学程序设计语言地理认识论操作系统业务社会学
出版信息	出版商: Frontiers Media SA，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 是
基本数据	创刊年份: 2018，原创研究文献占比: 86.50%，自引率:3.30%， Gold OA占比: 99.85%
期刊费用	$2125详情
平均审稿周期	网友分享经验：13 Weeks

Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence

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