Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

The use of Aspilia africana in traditional medicine for the management of ocular diseases has been reported in India and some indigenous communities of Africa. The aim of this study was to investigate the aqueous extract of the flowers of A. africana (AAE) as an anticataract remedy using murine models of diabetic and senile cataracts.Preliminary phytochemical screening of the extract, in vitro antioxidant assays, and in vitro aldose reductase inhibitory activity were performed. For anticataract investigations of the extracts, diabetic cataract was induced by galactose administration in 3-week-old Sprague Dawley rats. The evaluation of experimentally induced age-related cataract was performed by administering sodium selenite to 10-day-old rat pups.The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, glycosides, and saponins. In vitro aldose reductase inhibitory property of the extract on rat lenses revealed that the AAE inhibited the enzyme activity with IC50 of 12.12 µg/ml. For the anticataract investigations, 30, 100, and 300 mg·kg-1AAE-treated rats recorded significantly low (p ≤ 0.0001) cataract scores compared to the negative control rats, indicating a delay in cataractogenesis from the second week of treatment in the galactose-induced cataractogenesis. Similarly, the treatment with AAE caused a significant reduction (p ≤ 0.0001) in cataract scores compared to the negative control rats in the selenite-induced cataractogenesis. Markers of lens transparency, such as aquaporin 0, alpha-A crystallin, and total lens proteins and lens glutathione levels, were significantly preserved (p ≤ 0.05-0.0001) in each cataract model after AAE treatment.The study established the anticataract potential of the aqueous extract of flowers of A. africana in murine models, hence giving scientific credence to its folkloric use in the management of cataract.

Adwoa Frema Amanfo

Samuel Kyei

Yaw Duah Boakye

Clement Osei Akoto

Justice Kwaku Addo

Kofi Oduro Yeboah

Newman Osafo

Anticataract Effect of the Aqueous Extract of the Flowers of Aspilia africana in Murine Model of Diabetic and Age-Related Cataracts

非洲菊水提物花部在糖尿病和老年性白内障小鼠模型中的抗白内障作用

Amritotharanam Kashyam, a specific Ayurvedic drug, was the focus of the current inquiry to evaluate its efficacy. For liver and digestive-related issues, this medication is suggested. This was obtained from a standard Ayurvedic vendor in Chennai (India), and GC-MS analysis was carried out according to the standard procedure. A few critical biomolecules include benzoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, 6,9-octadecadienoic acid, 9-octadecenoic acid, methyl ester (E)-, heptadecanoic acid, 16-methyl, methyl ester, methyl 18-methylnonadecanoate, tetracosanoic acid, distearin, hexadecanoic acid, and 1-(hydroxymethyl)-1,2-ethanediol ester. The obtained biomolecules exhibited some significant therapeutic functions, including acidification, inhibition of arachidonic acid formation, increase in the aromatic amino acid decarboxylase, suppression of uric acid generation, inhibitors of catechol-O-methyltransferase, urine acidifiers, etc. The anticancer and antiviral potential of these phytocompounds were investigated using molecular docking and dynamics. The phytocompounds pharmacokinetic characteristics were investigated using ADME analysis. Through docking and dynamics simulation, in silico tests demonstrated the phytocompounds' inhibitory efficiency against the target proteins. These functions reasonably relate to the medicinal function of Amritotharanam Kashyam. The MTT assay findings demonstrated this medication’s anticancer effects. The ability to be an effective drug is demonstrated by its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and membrane-stabilizing properties.

Lakshmi Sundaram Raman

Anitha Shanmuganathan

Sangeeta Chandrashekar

Prabhu Kaliyaperumal

Elumalai Perumal

Ram Krishna Rao Mudiganti

K. T. Nachammai

Langeswaran Kulanthaivel

Gowtham Kumar Subbaraj

Kirubhanand Chandrasekaran

Bharat Ramrao Sontakke

Senthilkumar Subramanian

Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticarcinogenic Efficacy of an Ayurvedic Formulation: Amritotharanam Kashyam

阿育吠陀配方“阿姆里托塔兰南·卡什亚姆”的抗氧化、抗炎和抗癌功效

This study assessed the awareness, actions, and predictors of actions on adverse drug reaction reporting among patients attending a referral hospital in southern highland Tanzania.A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to August 2022 at Mbeya Zonal Referral Hospital (MZRH) in Mbeya, Tanzania. A total of 792 adult patients with chronic conditions attending outpatient clinics at MZRH were recruited consecutively. A semistructured questionnaire was used to collect demographic characteristics, ADR awareness, and actions when encountering ADR. Data were analyzed using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 23 and results are summarized using frequency and percentages. Binary logistic regression was used to assess the predictors associated with reporting ADR among patients. P value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant.Out of 792, 397 (50.1%) were males and 383 (48.6%) had a primary education level. Only 171 (21.6%) participants previously experienced ADR, and 111 (14.1%) were aware that ADR is an unexpected harm that occurs after medication use. The majority 597 (70.3%) of the participants said will report ADR to healthcare providers, 706 (88.9%) prefer reporting ADR to healthcare providers, and 558 (69.1%) said patients are not aware of the importance of reporting ADR. Patients aged below 65 years of age, unemployed ((AOR (95% CI) = 0.4 (0.18-0.87), self-employed ((AOR (95% CI) = 0.5 (0.32-0.83)), and those who ever encountered ADR ((AOR (95% CI) = 0.1 (0.05-0.11)) were more likely to report the ADR to HCPs compared to the rest.The majority of patients are not aware of what is ADR and the importance of ADR reporting. Most of the patients prefer to report ADR to healthcare providers. We recommend an awareness campaign to raise awareness of the patients on ADR and other methods of ADR reporting.

Nathanael Sirili

Manase Kilonzi

Dorkasi L. Mwakawanga

Juma A. Mohamedi

Joseph Matobo Thobias

Aurelia Clement

Davance Mwasomola

Stella E. Mushy

Awareness, Actions, and Predictors of Actions on Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting among Patients Attending a Referral Hospital in Southern Highland Tanzania

意识到、行动及预测行动在坦桑尼亚南部高原转诊医院患者不良药物反应报告中的作用

Limited aqueous solubility and subsequent poor absorption and low bioavailability are the main challenges in oral drug delivery. Solid dispersion is a widely used formulation strategy to overcome this problem. Despite their efficiency, drug crystallization tendency and poor physical stability limited their commercial use. To overcome this defect, ternary solid dispersions of glyburide: sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG), were developed using the fusion (F) and solvent evaporation (SE) techniques and subsequently evaluated and compared.Physicochemical and dissolution properties of the prepared ternary solid dispersions were evaluated using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and dissolution test. Flow properties were also assessed using Carr's index and Hausner's ratio. The physical stability of the formulations was evaluated initially and after 12 months by comparing dissolution properties.Formulations prepared by both methods similarly showed significant improvements in dissolution efficiency and mean dissolution time compared to the pure drug. However, formulations that were prepared by SE showed a greater dissolution rate during the initial phase of dissolution. Also, after a 12-month follow-up, no significant change was observed in the mentioned parameters. The results of the infrared spectroscopy indicated that there was no chemical interaction between the drug and the polymer. The absence of endotherms related to the pure drug from thermograms of the prepared formulations could be indicative of reduced crystallinity or the gradual dissolving of the drug in the molten polymer. Moreover, formulations prepared by the SE technique revealed superior flowability and compressibility in comparison with the pure drug and physical mixture (ANOVA, P < 0.05).Efficient ternary solid dispersions of glyburide were successfully prepared by F and SE methods. Solid dispersions prepared by SE, in addition to increasing the dissolution properties and the possibility of improving the bioavailability of the drug, showed acceptable long-term physical stability with remarkably improved flowability and compressibility features.

Leila Barghi

Afshin Vekalati

Azin Jahangiri

Stability-Enhanced Ternary Solid Dispersions of Glyburide: Effect of Preparation Method on Physicochemical Properties

格列本脲稳定性增强的三元固体分散体：制备方法对理化性质的影响

Background. Recently, there is a lack of studies comparing the renoprotective effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitors and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors. This study therefore aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of SGLT-2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors on Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods. Patient medication records of all patients who used those two antidiabetic classes at Fort Wachirawut Hospital were reviewed. Renal function tests, blood glucose levels, and other baseline characteristics were collected. Continuous variables were compared within the group using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test and between groups using the Mann–Whitney U test. Results. There were 388 and 691 patients with SGLT-2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors, respectively. The mean estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of the SGLT-2 inhibitor group was significantly lower from baseline at 18 months of treatment, as well as the DPP-4 inhibitor group. However, the trend of eGFR reduction in patients with baseline eGFR &lt;60 mL/min/1.73 m2 was smaller than those with baseline eGFR ≥60 mL/min/1.73 m2. In addition, the fasting blood sugar and haemoglobin A1c levels significantly decreased from baseline in both the groups. Conclusions. Both SGLT-2 inhibitors and DPP-4 inhibitors showed the same trends of eGFR reductions from baseline in Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, SGLT-2 inhibitors should be considered in patients with impaired renal function rather than in all T2DM patients.

Apichaya Chanawong

Suriyon Uitrakul

Supatcha Incomenoy

Natnicha Poonchuay

Renoprotective Effect of Thai Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Treated with SGLT-2 Inhibitors versus DPP-4 Inhibitors: A Real-World Observational Study

SGLT-2抑制剂与DPP-4抑制剂治疗泰国2型糖尿病患者的肾脏保护作用：一项真实世界的观察性研究

Corn, wheat, rice, potato, and cassava starches have been widely used as pharmaceutical excipients. However, the search for cost-effective local starch alternatives is necessary due to the availability and usage constraints. In Ethiopia, various plant species, including Taro Boloso-I, have been explored as potential sources of pharmaceutical starch. It is a variety of

Solomon Gashaw

Afewerk Getachew

Fantahun Mola

Characterization of Acid Hydrolyzed Taro Boloso-I (<i>Colocasia esculenta</i> Cultivar) Starch as a Diluent in Direct Compression of Tablets

塔罗博洛索-I（<i>芋头栽培品种</i>）酸水解淀粉作为片剂直接压制的稀释剂的表征

This study aims to improve the biopharmaceutical, mechanical, and tableting properties of a poorly soluble drug, ibuprofen (IBP), by preparing amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) followed by a sustained-release tablet formulation. A suitable polymer to develop an ASD system was chosen by utilizing the apparent solubility of IBP in various polymer solutions. ASDs containing various ratios of IBP and selected polymer were prepared by the melt fusion (MF) method. ASD containing optimized drug-polymer ratio prepared by freeze-drying (FD) method was characterized and compared physicochemically. The solubility of IBP in water increased 28-fold and 35-fold when formulated as ASD by MF and FD, respectively. Precise formulations showed amorphization of IBP and increased surface area, improving solubility. The dissolution pattern of optimized ASD-IBP in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer after 60 min in MF and FD was enhanced 3-fold. In addition, direct compression tablets comprising optimized ASD granules from MF and FD were made and assessed using compendial and noncompendial methods. ASD-IBP/MF and ASD-IBP/FD formulations showed a similar drug release profile. In addition, 12 h of sustained IBP release from the ASD-IBP-containing tablets was obtained in a phosphate buffer with a pH of 6.8. From the dissolution kinetics analysis, the Weibull model fitted well. The drug release pattern indicated minimal variations between tablets formed using ASD-IBP prepared by both procedures; however, pre- and postcompression assessment parameters differed. From these findings, the application of ASD and sustained-release polymers in matrix formation might be beneficial in improving the solubility and absorption of poorly soluble drugs such as IBP.

Ajam Uddin

Shimul Halder

Nandita Deb

Harinarayan Das

Madhabi Lata Shuma

Ikramul Hasan

Manik Chandra Shill

Syed Shabbir Haider

Impact of Methods of Preparation on Mechanical Properties, Dissolution Behavior, and Tableting Characteristics of Ibuprofen-Loaded Amorphous Solid Dispersions

制备方法对布洛芬载药无定形固体分散体的力学性能、溶出行为及压片特性的影响

The characteristics of injectable hydrogels make them a prime contender for various biomedical applications. Hyaluronic acid is an essential component of the matrix surrounding the cells; moreover, hyaluronic acid's structural and biochemical characteristics entice researchers to develop injectable hydrogels for various applications. However, due to its poor mechanical properties, several strategies are used to produce injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogel. This review summarizes published studies on the production of injectable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid polysaccharide polymers and the biomedical field's applications for these hydrogel systems. Hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels are divided into two categories based on their injectability mechanisms: in situ-forming injectable hydrogels and shear-thinning injectable hydrogels. Many crosslinking methods are used to create injectable hydrogels; chemical crosslinking techniques are the most frequently investigated technique. Hybrid injectable hydrogel systems are widely investigated by blending hyaluronic acid with other polymers or nanoparticulate systems. Injectable hyaluronic acid hydrogels were thoroughly investigated and proven to demonstrate potential in various medical fields, including delivering drugs and cells, tissue repair, and wound dressings.

Hadeia Mashaqbeh

Batool Al-Ghzawi

Fatima BaniAmer

Exploring the Formulation and Approaches of Injectable Hydrogels Utilizing Hyaluronic Acid in Biomedical Uses

探索利用透明质酸在生物医学应用中的可注射水凝胶的配方与方法

This study aimed at developing and optimizing the orally dispersible thin film (ODTF) containing a plant-derived drug-curcumin (CUR). CUR belongs to a biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS) class IV compound that requires improving its water solubility and tissue permeability preceding formulation. An ODTF was applied to produce a solid dispersion matrix for CUR to resolve such solubility and permeability problems. The film-forming polymers used in the study were cellulose-based (hydroxypropyl methylcellulose/HPMC and carboxymethylcellulose/CMC) and saccharide-based maltodextrin (MDX). Poloxamer (POL) was also employed as surfactant and solubilizer. The solvent casting technique was applied to produce the films. The ethanolic solution of CUR was mixed with an aqueous solution of POLs and then incorporated into different film-forming polymers prior to casting. The processing of the CUR with POL solution was intended to aid in the even dispersion of the drug in the polymeric matrices and enhance the wettability of the films. The physical state and properties of the films were characterized in terms of their morphology, crystallinity of the drug, and phase miscibility of the mixtures. The dissolution profile of the films was also evaluated in terms of dissolution rate and dissolution efficiency. The obtained ODTF products were smooth and flat-surfaced. Physical characterization also indicated that the CUR was homogeneously dispersed in the ODTFs and no longer existed as crystalline material as revealed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The CUR was also not phase-separated from the films as disclosed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Such dispersion was achieved through the solubilizing effect of POLs and compact polymeric film matrices that prevented the CUR from recrystallization. Furthermore, the ODTFs also improved the dissolution of CUR by 3.2-fold higher than the raw CUR. Overall, cellulose-based films had favorable physical properties compared with saccharide-based films.

Helmy Yusuf

Orchidea Meidy Nurintan Savitri

Nadia Natsya Al-Khalifi

Lavinia Gunawan

Brian Karno Chairul

M. Agus Syamsur Rijal

Dewi Isadiartuti

Retno Sari

Cellulose- and Saccharide-Based Orally Dispersible Thin Films Transform the Solid States and Dissolution Characteristics of Poorly Soluble Curcumin

基于纤维素和糖类的口服分散薄膜改变难溶姜黄素的固体状态和溶解特性

Depression affects an estimated 350 million people worldwide and is implicated in up to 60% of suicides. Only about 60-70% of patients respond to antidepressant therapy. One of the factors causing patients to not attain therapeutic goals is herb-drug interactions.

Christian C. Ndu

Wonder K. M. Abotsi

Priscilla K. Mante

Investigation of Herb-Drug Interactions between Xylopia aethiopica, Its Principal Constituent Xylopic Acid, and Antidepressants

探究西洛皮亚非洲椒及其主要成分西洛皮酸与抗抑郁药物之间的草药-药物相互作用

Abbreviation	Adv. Pharmacol. Pharm. Sci.
Journal Impact	1.96
Quartiles(Global)	PHARMACOLOGY & PHARMACY(Q3)

ISSN	2633-4682, 2633-4690
h-index	46

Publication Information	Publisher: Hindawi Limited，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2020，Proportion of original research papers: 83.33%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：17 Weeks

Advances in Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences

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