Annals of Child Neurology

Hye Ri Jeon

Young Jun Ko

Anna Cho

Hunmin Kim

Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy in an 8-Year-Old Boy

8岁男孩反复性眼肌麻痹性神经痛

Several reports in both adults and children have demonstrated an association between coronavirus disease 2019 and a variety of central and peripheral neurological insults.These can vary from mild symptoms, such as headaches and anosmia, to severe conditions like stroke, seizures, and encephalopathy [1].Furthermore, instances of acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) have been documented among severe COVID-19 cases in adults, along with a handful in the pediatric population [2].ANE is an unusual form of encephalopathy, characterized by bilateral symmetrical lesions primarily found in the thalami and brain stem in infants and children [3].Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) is a newly identified clinical syndrome associated with COVID-19.It is characterized by potentially severe inflammation and bears similarities to Kawasaki disease, and it can occur in children [4].The clinical manifestations of MIS-C are diverse, including gastrointestinal symptoms, cardiac disease, mild or absent respiratory symptoms, and variable incidence of rash, red eyes, and changes to the oral mucous membrane [4].In this report, we present two cases of COVID-19-associated ANE accompanied by MIS-C.To our knowledge, this study presents the first reported cases of COVID-19-associated ANE in the pediatric population of Korea.

Da Som Park

Seok Won Yoon

Dong Hyun Kim

Young Se Kwon

Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Children with COVID-19 Accompanied by Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

儿童COVID-19合并多系统炎症综合征中的急性坏死性脑病

Purpose: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a permanent, non-progressive disorder of the developing brain. Tizanidine is an effective treatment for spastic CP; however, insufficient evidence exists regarding its effect on motor function and side-effect profile. This review explored the effects and safety of tizanidine in treating spasticity among pediatric patients with CP.Methods: Two reviewers conducted a literature search. The Cochrane risk of bias tool and the 14-item National Institutes of Health Quality Assessment Tool were used to evaluate the risk of bias. A systematic review was performed for relevant studies.Results: Five studies were included: three randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and two observational studies. The control group received a placebo in two RCTs, while baclofen was used in the remaining studies. Tizanidine dosage and duration varied across reports, except for the two observational studies. Excepting one observational study, tizanidine was associated with a greater improvement on the modified Ashworth scale. Pain reduction was also greater with tizanidine treatment compared to the placebo, as evidenced by one RCT. Three studies evaluating gross motor function reported superior results with tizanidine compared to baclofen. Two RCTs indicated similar safety profiles between tizanidine and the placebo. The remaining studies reported a more favorable safety profile for tizanidine than baclofen.Conclusion: The studies examined in this review reported beneficial effects of tizanidine on spasticity, pain, and gross motor function. Tizanidine usage was associated with no serious adverse events, reflecting a better safety profile than baclofen. Nevertheless, high-quality RCTs are recommended to support tizanidine administration in pediatric patients.

Anna Dominique Py Castro

Maria Antonia Aurora Moral Valencia

Effect of Tizanidine on Spasticity in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review

替扎尼定对脑瘫患儿痉挛的影响：一项系统综述

Neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) is characterized by severe acute pain around the shoulder, followed by upper extremity weakness and muscle atrophy.NA often occurs after triggering events, such as viral or bacterial infection, vaccination, or surgery.Although rare in children, it has been reported in individuals as young as 7 weeks old [1-3].NA is not well-known among pediatricians and has seldom been reported in the pediatric population.Physicians often fail to recognize it, contributing to a mean delay of 3 to 9 months before diagnosis.This diagnostic delay can result in delayed treatment and a poor prognosis [2][3][4].Although NA is more commonly observed in adults, pediatricians should be aware of this condition to prevent any delay in diagnosis.In this report, we present the case of an adolescent girl with NA who was diagnosed using magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) and recovered well after steroid treatment.This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Daegu Catholic University Medical Center (CR-23-048).The requirement for

Seung Min Yang

Young Hwan Kim

Kye Hyang Lee

Diagnosis of Neuralgic Amyotrophy in an Adolescent Girl Using Magnetic Resonance Neurography: A Case Study

青少年女孩神经痛性肌萎缩的磁共振神经成像诊断：病例研究

Purpose: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has prompted the use of telemedicine as an alternative method for providing continuous epilepsy care. This study was conducted to validate and administer a web-based questionnaire to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) regarding telemedicine among caregivers of children with epilepsy at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center (PCMC). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by a primary investigator from the child neurology section of PCMC between July 2022 and October 2022 and consisted of two phases. In phase 1, content validation and pre-testing of the Filipino version of the questionnaire were conducted with 29 caregivers. Phase 2 involved the web-based administration of the final version of the questionnaire to 89 caregivers. Results: The resulting questionnaire comprised four main sections: demographics, KAP. Regarding caregivers’ knowledge, 70.8% had not heard of telemedicine before participating in teleconsultations at PCMC. However, most participants were able to correctly identify its purposes (86.4%), benefits (87.6%), and barriers (78.7%). All aspects of the caregivers’ attitudes demonstrated positive agreement with the Likert scale of attitudes, with &lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt; values of &lt;0.01, which indicated statistical significance. The most common device used was a cellular phone, and most caregivers identified Facebook Messenger, Viber, and Zoom as the most useful platforms. Conclusion: Our study revealed low awareness of the availability of telemedicine services but good knowledge of its purposes, benefits, and barriers. Caregivers exhibited positive attitudes toward telemedicine, with Facebook Messenger identified as the most useful platform.

Grael M. Dumallay

Lucy Kathrina F. Banta-Banzali

Telemedicine in Developing Countries: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Caregivers of Children with Epilepsy Regarding Telemedicine at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center

发展中国家的远程医疗：菲律宾儿童医疗中心癫痫患儿护理人员对远程医疗的知识、态度和实践

Purpose: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is among the most prevalent neurodevelopmental disorders in childhood, and its incidence has increased in recent years. However, the frequency of ADHD varies significantly across different countries and regions. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of ADHD among primary school children in Hyderabad, India, as well as to raise awareness about ADHD among teachers.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study included 700 school-aged children between 5 and 12 years old, selected according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The teachers' version of the Vanderbilt Assessment Scale, a rating scale grounded in Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) diagnostic criteria, was employed to diagnose ADHD. Results: The prevalence of ADHD in this study was 9.57% (67 out of 700), with a mean age of 8.9 years. ADHD was more prevalent in boys than in girls, with a sex ratio of 3:1. The combined type of ADHD was the most common (52.3%), followed by the attention deficit type (29.8%) and the hyperactive-impulsive type (17.9%). Conclusion: The prevalence of ADHD among schoolchildren in middle-income countries, such as India, is sufficiently high to impose a significant societal burden. Therefore, it is imperative that all elementary school teachers receive training on how to screen for indicators of ADHD.

Habib G. Pathan

Shalini Akunuri

Shabahat Tayyab

Zafar Sultana

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Children in Hyderabad, South India

印度南部海得拉巴市小学生注意缺陷多动障碍的流行率

Purpose: Temporal lobe resection can be categorized as either temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE), which involves cortical resection confined to the temporal lobe, or temporal plus epilepsy (TPE), which entails temporal resection along with involvement of additional extratemporal regions. We compared these forms within a pediatric population.Methods: We identified 136 patients who underwent temporal resection over a 17-year period and investigated the differences in the clinical profiles and seizure outcomes between TLE and TPE.Results: Of the total sample, 110 patients (80.9%) presented with TLE and 26 (19.1%) with TPE. Significant differences were observed between the groups in age at seizure onset (TLE: 6.3 years, TPE: 0.9 years; P=0.001), age at epilepsy surgery (TLE: 14.2 years, TPE: 9.2 years; P=0.002), the proportion of patients with a history of infantile epileptic spasm syndrome (IESS) (TLE: 6 [5.5%], TPE: 8 [30.3%]; P&lt;0.001), electroclinical presentation with IESS or Lennox-Gastaut syndrome (LGS) (TLE: 11 [10.0%], TPE: 13 [50.0%]; P&lt;0.001), the presence of focal temporal hypometabolism on positron emission tomography (TLE: 74 [68.5%], TPE: 11 [44.0%], P=0.021), and the use of intracranial electroencephalogram monitoring (TLE: 58 [52.7%], TPE: 21 [80.8%]; P=0.009). Furthermore, multivariate analysis identified the epileptic presentation of IESS or LGS as a significant predictor of TPE (P=0.049). The rates of seizure outcomes of International League Against Epilepsy class 1–3 at 1 year of follow-up were 83.8% for the entire cohort, 89.1% for TLE, and 61.5% for TPE (P=0.002).Conclusion: TPE appears to represent a substantial subset of pediatric temporal resections. The variation in seizure outcomes between groups underscores the importance of predicting TPE in advance, with implications for effective treatment planning.

Jun Chul Byun

Hye Eun Kwon

Hoon-Chul Kang

Joon Soo Lee

Heung Dong Kim

Temporal Lobe Surgery in Pediatric Patients: From Temporal Lobe Epilepsy to Temporal Plus Epilepsy

儿童颞叶手术：从颞叶癫痫到颞叶加癫痫

Rahul Sinha

Karishma Rajpoot

Ananya Uniyal

V. Sabid Syed

Perceived Mental Health and Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Armed Forces in a Tertiary Care Center of North India: A Cross-Sectional Study

印度北部三级护理中心军队中自闭症谱系障碍儿童母亲感知的心理健康和生活质量：一项横断面研究

Jieun Choi

Welcome from the New Editor-in-Chief: Leading Pediatric Neurology into a New Era of Innovation and Progress

新任主编寄语：引领儿科神经病学迈入创新与进步的新时代

涉及主题	医学生物计算机科学心理学精神科内科学神经科学
出版信息	出版商: Korean Child Neurology Society，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 是
基本数据	创刊年份: 2019，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%
平均审稿周期	网友分享经验：8 Weeks

Annals of Child Neurology

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Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy in an 8-Year-Old Boy

Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy in Children with COVID-19 Accompanied by Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome

Effect of Tizanidine on Spasticity in Pediatric Patients with Cerebral Palsy: A Systematic Review

Diagnosis of Neuralgic Amyotrophy in an Adolescent Girl Using Magnetic Resonance Neurography: A Case Study

Telemedicine in Developing Countries: Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Caregivers of Children with Epilepsy Regarding Telemedicine at the Philippine Children’s Medical Center

Recurrent Painful Ophthalmoplegic Neuropathy in an 8-Year-Old Boy

Prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among Primary School Children in Hyderabad, South India

Temporal Lobe Surgery in Pediatric Patients: From Temporal Lobe Epilepsy to Temporal Plus Epilepsy

Perceived Mental Health and Quality of Life in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Armed Forces in a Tertiary Care Center of North India: A Cross-Sectional Study

Welcome from the New Editor-in-Chief: Leading Pediatric Neurology into a New Era of Innovation and Progress

ISSN	2635-909X, 2635-9103
h-index	4