ACS Applied Polymer Materials

The fire resistance property of epoxy resin is crucial for its engineering applications. In this work, a eugenol-based flame retardant containing phosphorus (P) and silicon (Si) groups (EGN-Si/P) was synthesized via the Williamson etherification and subsequent hydrosilylation reaction. The resulting EGN-Si/P was used as a flame retardant for bisphenol A epoxy resin (DGEBA). The resulting epoxy resin passed the UL-94 V-0 rating and had a high limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of 28% when only 0.5 wt % Si/P content was introduced into the hybrid system. The results of cone calorimetry tests demonstrated that compared to those of DGEBA, the peak heat release rate and the total heat release of EGN-Si/P reduced by 49.6 and 46.8%, respectively, when 2 wt % Si/P was loaded into the hybrid system. The Si and P synergistically promote the formation of a stable carbon residue, which served as an effective thermal insulation layer to shield the underlying matrix from the exterior heat irradiation. This eugenol-based P and Si synergistic flame retardant opens a pathway to develop sustainable high-performance flame-retardant biobased polymer materials for practical application.

Min Yu

Tongtong Zhang

Jie Li

Jihuai Tan

Meng Zhang

Yonghong Zhou

Xinbao Zhu

Facile Synthesis of Eugenol-Based Phosphorus/Silicon-Containing Flame Retardant and Its Performance on Fire Retardancy of Epoxy Resin

基于丁香酚的含磷/硅阻燃剂的简易合成及其对环氧树脂阻燃性能的影响

A poly(triazine-phosphamide) BPGA constituted of benzene melamine and phenyl phosphonic dichloride was synthesized and characterized, and the synergistic flame-retardant properties and mechanism of BPGA/melamine cyanurate (MCA) in polyamide 6 (PA6) were investigated. The combination of BPGA and MCA with a mass ratio of 7/7 exerted the best flame-retardant effects in improving flame retardancy (higher LOI value), self-extinguishing property (higher UL 94 grade), and higher quality retention (more char residue). BPGA/MCA showed a good synergistic charring effect, forming more high-temperature thermally stable residues with rich P–N cross-linked structures due to the interactions or reactions between BPGA and MCA in condensed phase; especially, the former significantly affected the thermal decomposition behavior of the matrix. In the gas phase, the combination of BPGA and MCA supplied a sustained high content of noncombustible gases in flame during the main degradation stage of the matrix, which facilitated the dilution of the concentration of flammable gases and oxygen. Meanwhile, P-containing radicals resulting from the thermal decomposition of BPGA could quench the free-radical chain reactions during combustion, thereby suppressing the flame. Thus, this lifted flame-retardant efficiency mainly contributed to the gas-phase flame inhibition mechanism without ignoring the shielding effect of char layers in the condensed phase.

Hao Shan

Lili Yan

Bo Xu

Dong Wang

Menglin Wu

Polyphosphamide Containing Triazine and Melamine Cyanurate for Flame-Retardant PA6

Structural battery electrolytes (SBEs) possess both high ionic conductivity and high mechanical strength and stiffness. These emerging materials are critical components in load-bearing structural batteries, which offer mass and volume savings beneficial to electrified transportation and aerospace applications. However, in extreme cold (< −40 °C), conventional liquid electrolytes freeze or become too viscous to conduct ions. Further, liquid electrolytes alone are unsuitable for structural batteries because liquids cannot bear structural loads. Here, we report a two-phase solid–liquid structural battery electrolyte capable of conducting ions in extreme cold. Specifically, the structural battery electrolyte consists of a bicontinuous solid, cross-linked bisphenol A-ethoxylated dimethacrylate resin and a lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (LiTFSI)/fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC)-diglyme-based liquid electrolyte. The relative liquid/solid content was varied, and ionic conductivities of 1.62 × 10–4 S/cm at −10 °C and 7.44 × 10–6 S/cm at −40 °C were obtained for the case of 90 wt % liquid/10 wt % solid. When the liquid content of the structural battery electrolyte was increased from 50 to 90 wt %, the modulus decreased from 0.910 GPa to 8.13 × 10–4 GPa at 25 °C, and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) decreased from 14.9 to 0.0582 MPa. These findings culminated in the application of the structural electrolyte to a graphite vs lithium metal half-cell battery operated at 0.1 C-rate where it exhibited a charging capacity of 353 mAh g–1 (∼95% of graphite's theoretical capacity). Taken together, these results have immediate relevance to the electrification of automobiles, aircraft, and spacecraft.

Sayyam Deshpande

Vishaal Vidyaprakash

Suyash Oka

Smita S. Dasari

Kai-Wei Liu

Chen Wang

Jodie L. Lutkenhaus

Micah J. Green

Low-Temperature Structural Battery Electrolytes Produced by Polymerization-Induced Phase Separation

Yehan Yang

Mengxia Xu

Zhu Luo

Ruhui He

Jikai Xie

Shenglong Yang

Hu Chen

Huaibin Li

Long-Chain-Branched Polypropylene with an Ester Group as an Effective Compatibilizer To Improve the Performance of PP/PET Blends

含酯基长链支化聚丙烯作为有效相容剂改善PP/PET共混物性能

The encapsulating film of current foldable smartphone touchscreens consists of a flexible, colorless polyimide substrate, layered stepwise with a top hard coat, an antireflection coat, and last with an outermost antifingerprint layer. A flexible polymer substrate is essential to overcoming the inherent bendability limitations of the hard coat. This study explores a different approach to encapsulating film fabrication. This method involves the infusion of GPOSS (octakis(3-glycidyloxypropyl)silsesquioxane), GPOSS-FC6 (GPOSS with a perfluorinated hexyl group), and a cationic ring-opening initiator into electrospun nylon nanofiber mat pores and subsequently photocuring the GPOSS mixture to create a composite. The resulting film is transparent, omniphobic, and remarkably flexible. A 40 μm thick free-standing composite film alone can endure over 1000 bending cycles with a 1 mm radius without cracking. Additionally, it exhibits superior wear resistance by withstanding hundreds of steel wool abrasions, surpassing that of a cured neat F-GPOSS hard coating. This study highlights the remarkable reinforcing effect of electrospun nanofibers on hard materials, enhancing simultaneously the normally exclusive properties: flexibility and abrasion resistance. The reported material should find applications in various fields beyond foldable touchscreens.

Sean Chun Keat Tan

Guojun Liu

Free-Standing Flexible Composite Film That Is Transparent, Omnipohobic, and Resistant against Steel Wool Abrasion

自支撑柔性复合薄膜：透明、全疏性且耐钢丝绒磨损

Much attention has been paid to nonspherical polymer particles, which have hidden and intriguing properties compared to those of conventional spherical particles. Polymeric nanofibers are one type of nonspherical nanomaterial, but fabricating such nanofibers stably suspended in water and controlling their aggregation and dispersion properties remain a challenge. Herein, we propose a top-down method to fabricate nonspherical and fragmented nanofibers stably suspended in water. We use a simple procedure: (i) electrospinning of the polystyrene nanofibers, (ii) fragmentation by homogenizer, and (iii) surface modification of the fragmented nanofibers. Intriguingly, the fragmented nanofibers after precipitation were bulkily packed together, compared to spherical particles, due to their nonspherical shape and the stiffness derived from polystyrene. Using this unique property, we demonstrate that fragmented nanofibers with a bulky aggregation property can provide specific, visual, and highly sensitive detection of antigen. The fragmented nanofibers may be a candidate carrier for an alternative to a conventional latex turbidimetric immunoassay.

Hayato Yokose

Naoya Ichihara

Yosuke Okamura

Fragmented Nanofibers with Bulky Aggregation Behavior for a Turbidimetric Immunoassay

用于浊度免疫分析的分段纳米纤维与庞大聚集行为

Epoxy-amine polymerization was investigated as a synthetic method for developing poly(β-hydroxyl amine)s with active tertiary amino pendant groups. Primary amines bearing pyridinyl, imidazolyl, dimethylamino, diethylamino, and dibutylamino groups, along with controls bearing mild groups, were used in the polymerization with diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A. While optimized solution polymerization was established by using the primary amines substituted with mild groups, only dibutylamino groups were incorporated as active tertiary amino pendant groups into thermoplastic polymer without gelation. In bulk polymerization, the presence of all additional tertiary amino groups led to cross-linking. Model reactions showed two pathways where the tertiary amino groups involve cross-linking, which varied depending on the nucleophilicity and steric effects of the tertiary amino groups. The choice of tertiary amino group and stoichiometric imbalance between epoxy and amino monomers affected the physical properties of the resulting thermosetting polymers, which possess partially quaternized backbones with β-hydroxyl and active tertiary amino pendant groups.

Chang-Geun Chae

Jun Woo Park

Kyulee Jung

Yong Seok Kim

Dong-Gyun Kim

Sungmin Park

Hyun Kim

Woohwa Lee

Epoxy-Amine Polymerization to Access Poly(β-hydroxyl amine)s with Active Tertiary Amino Pendant Groups

环氧-胺聚合制备含活性叔氨基侧基的聚(β-羟基胺)

Priyanka Dutta

Anuj Sharma

Videsh Kumar

Govind Gupta

Ultrasensitive NO2 Gas Sensor at Room Temperature Based on a Glycerol-Cross-Linked PEDOT:PSS-MoS2 Nanocomposite

基于甘油交联PEDOT:PSS-MoS2纳米复合材料的超灵敏室温NO2气体传感器

Hangzhou Wang

Xiaobin Li

Jun Shi

Xiaoyan Xiong

Chenguang Kong

Cunzhi Li

Youcheng Huang

Shumin Jiang

Kun Wu

Li Yang

A Photocurable Polyurethane System with Reconfigurable Disulfide Bonds Featuring High Transmittance and Low Shrinkage

一种具有高透光率和低收缩率的可重构二硫键光固化聚氨酯体系

Impregnated decorative paper is an important and high-value wood-based panel decorative material. However, traditional melamine–urea–formaldehyde impregnated decorative paper (MUFP) suffers from formaldehyde emission and brittleness. Therefore, it is crucial to develop high-performance, formaldehyde-free, flexible impregnated decorative paper as an alternative to MUFP. Here, a layer-by-layer self-assembly strategy is adopted to prepare high-performance, formaldehyde-free polyamide epichlorohydrin (PAE)/poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/melamine (MA) impregnated decorative paper (PMPP). The first PAE resin layer acts as a wet strength agent, while the second PVA/MA resin layer acts as a toughening agent, forming a dual network structure through chemical and hydrogen bonding. Due to the unique layer-by-layer self-assembled dual-network structure, the elongation at break and work of fracture of PMPP is 4.4% and 265.50 mJ, respectively. These values are nine- and eight-times higher than those of MUFP, respectively, demonstrating the excellent toughness of PMPP. Additionally, PMPP is subjected to water activation and hot pressing, and its surface properties meet the GB/T15102–2017 Chinese national standard. In addition, the formaldehyde emission of PMPP is only 0.01 mg/L, which meets the environmental standards of China's GB/T 28995–2022 (≤1.5 mg/L), Europe's EN 717–1 (≤0.5 mg/L), and Japan's JAS 234:2003 (<0.3 mg/L). Thus, this work offers a novel approach to achieve high-performance, formaldehyde-free, flexible impregnated decorative paper.

Na Wang

Yuyan Jiang

Liangxian Liu

Zetan Lu

Haiyu Li

Ming Wei

Dexiu Min

Yanjun Xie

Jian Li

Zefang Xiao

Shaoliang Xiao

High-Strength, High-Flexibility, Formaldehyde-Free Impregnated Decorative Paper Based on Polyamide Epichlorohydrin/Poly(vinyl alcohol)/Melamine via Layer-by-Layer Self-Assembly

高强度、高柔性、无甲醛浸渍装饰纸基于聚酰胺环氧氯丙烷/聚乙烯醇/三聚氰胺通过层层自组装

Abbreviation	ACS Appl. Polym. Mater.
Journal Impact	4.45
Quartiles(Global)	POLYMER SCIENCE(Q1)

ISSN	2637-6105
h-index	50

Publication Information	Publisher: American Chemical Society，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2019，Proportion of original research papers: 98.67%，Self Citation Rate:4.50%， Gold OA Rate: 7.93%

ACS Applied Polymer Materials

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