Agrosystems, Geosciences and Environment

Abstract To meet the turfgrass standards that players expect, golf course superintendents rely on intense irrigation, fertilization, and cultivation programs. However, the overapplication of irrigation water and fertilizer has been shown to have negative effects on water quality. Precision turfgrass management (PTM) is an emerging area of interest as more golf course superintendents are looking to increase input efficiency while simultaneously reducing water and fertilizer input costs, as well as environmental impacts. Our objectives were to (1) use electromagnetic induction (EMI) to determine the spatial variability of apparent electrical conductivity (EC) in sand‐capped fairways and (2) correlate EC to measured soil and turfgrass characteristics to determine the applicability of mapping EC for PTM. Soil samples and EC data were collected in spring 2021 on four sand‐capped fairways from two golf courses (one hybrid bermudagrass and one zoysiagrass) belonging to the same facility in southeast Texas. Apparent EC was found to be positively and significantly correlated with soil volumetric water content (VWC, 0.40 &lt; r &gt; 0.62) and turfgrass normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI; 0.21 &lt; r &gt; 0.46) in three of four fairways, while EC was negatively and significantly correlated with penetration resistance (PR, −0.29 &lt; r &gt; −0.48) in two of four fairways studied. The strengths of these relationships were corroborated by strong visual similarities when comparing spatial maps of EC with those of VWC, NDVI, and PR, indicating that EMI‐based EC data have potential for use in delineating site‐specific management zones for water and fertilizer applications, as well as targeted aeration.

Dallas M. Williams

Chase M. Straw

A. Peyton Smith

Kathryn L. Watkins

Sarah G. Hong

Weston F. Floyd

Briana M. Wyatt

Agrosystems Geosciences & Environment

Using electromagnetic induction to inform precision turfgrass management strategies in sand‐capped golf course fairways

利用电磁感应技术指导沙基高尔夫球场球道精准草坪管理策略

Abstract Mulch from cover crops can suppress weeds and facilitate organic no‐till corn and soybean production. However, research is lacking on the no‐till planting small grain crops into rolled‐crimped cover crops. An experiment was conducted to test the effects of no‐till planting winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) into five cover crops planted in early summer, mid‐summer, and late summer. Cover crops were terminated with a roller‐crimper, and winter wheat was simultaneously no‐till planted in early fall. A “no cover crop” control treatment was also included, where wheat was planted into tilled soil. Cover crop and weed biomass at wheat planting varied by cover crop planting date and species. Early‐summer‐planted sorghum sudangrass [ Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench × S. sudanense (Piper) Stapf.] produced the most cover crop biomass and had among the lowest weed biomass at wheat planting and wheat harvest. However, wheat seedling density and grain yield were relatively low in the early‐planted sorghum sudangrass treatment compared with the other cover crop treatments, indicating a tradeoff between weed suppression and wheat yield. Early‐planted buckwheat ( Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) and early‐planted soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] had among the highest wheat grain yields, but no treatments yielded more than the “no cover crop” control. Wheat grain nitrogen was variable and may have been impacted by multiple factors, including wheat density. Results from this experiment indicate that rolled‐crimped cover crops can facilitate organic no‐till winter wheat production, but more research is needed to overcome tradeoffs and optimize production.

Matthew R. Ryan

Terry J. Rose

Sandra Wayman

Christopher J. Pelzer

Uriel D. Menalled

Rolled‐crimped cover crops for organic no‐till planted winter wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) in the Northeast region of the United States

美国东北地区有机免耕种植冬小麦（<i>Triticum aestivum</i>）的卷曲覆盖作物

Abstract Winter cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.), a commonly used cover crop in corn ( Zea mays L.) systems, has potential to scavenge soil NO 3 –N through a fibrous root system. This study aimed to quantify root and shoot biomass, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N) partitioning in rye cover crop at the time of termination in spring. This was a 1‐year study conducted at a site with a no‐till corn–soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, rye drilled following grain crop harvest, and three N rates applied to corn (0, 135, and 225 kg N ha −1 , respectively). Rye root biomass to 60‐cm depth following corn and 30‐cm depth following soybean was estimated using ingrowth tubes installed in the fall after rye seeding and removed at the time of rye termination in the spring. For rye, 48% and 62% of the total root biomass were present in the top 15‐cm depth, following corn and soybean, respectively. Overall, the shoot biomass, C, and N were significantly greater than for roots, with approximately two times more shoot than root material and only 33%–36% of total plant C and 17%–18% of total plant N in the root biomass. The C:N ratio of root biomass was consistently high (47–52) and at least double that of the shoot (16–23). With high C, low N, and high C:N ratio of the rye roots, inorganic‐N from soil or degrading shoot biomass could be immobilized with root degradation and reduce potential N recycling.

Swetabh Patel

Arshdeep Singh

John E. Sawyer

John P. Lundvall

Root and shoot biomass and nutrient composition of winter rye cover crop following corn and soybean

玉米和大豆后冬黑麦覆盖作物的根、茎生物量及养分组成

Abstract Soil aggregate stability is an important soil physical measurement that is closely related to a range of soil health functions. It is defined by its analytical method and often within‐method variability and inter‐method comparability have not been addressed and quantified. The current Natural Resources Conservation Service Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (KSSL) method for analyzing aggregate stability uses non‐standardized equipment and hand‐sieving techniques and is not easily scalable. The objective of this study was to evaluate and modify an alternative method that uses a single sieve mechanical wet sieving apparatus (MWS method) to produce results comparable to the current KSSL method and evaluate another alternative method that uses multiple sieves in a custom‐fabricated Yoder‐type apparatus. The two methods were evaluated for efficiency, repeatability, and scalability. The MWS method uses standardized equipment and methods, which should be scalable and reproducible in different laboratories. Sample preparation, pretreatment, and sieving parameters of the MWS method were adjusted to produce analytical results which most closely matched the KSSL method. Repeated analysis of soil sample standards showed that within‐method variability of the MWS method was slightly less than in the KSSL method. In a comparison of 90 samples of widely varying properties, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.927, indicating a moderate strength of agreement between the MWS method and KSSL method. Results from a modified Yoder method were not comparable to the KSSL method, and the greater time requirements, procedural complexity, and large equipment footprint were identified as practical limitations for use in large‐scale laboratory applications.

Steven Monteith

Cathy Seybold

Kate Nelson

A practical, reproducible laboratory method for assessing soil aggregate stability

评估土壤团聚体稳定性的实用、可重复实验室方法

Abstract Soil salinity is a global issue that impacts crop production and requires management to contain and ameliorate. Although field‐scale assessments are limited, a recent strategy used to manage salinity in the Northern Great Plains is the wide‐spread adoption of subsurface drainage. Therefore, a study was conducted between 2013 and 2021 on a 57‐ha field in southeastern North Dakota where changes in soil salinity, groundwater quality, and grain yields (soybean [ Glycine max ], wheat [ Triticum aestivum ], and corn [ Zea mays L]) were compared between subsurface tile drained (TD) and undrained (UD) areas at the field scale. Topsoil (0–15 cm) electrical conductivity of saturated paste extract (EC e ) decreased at a rate of 0.15 dS m −1 year −1 for TD but increased 0.03 dS m −1 year −1 for UD. The groundwater electrical conductivity of water (EC w ) decreased 0.5 and 0.3 dS m −1 year −1 for TD and UD, respectively. Soil EC e , chloride (Cl − ), sulfate‐sulfur (SO 4 2− ‐S), calcium (Ca 2+ ), sodium (Na + ), and magnesium (Mg 2+ ) concentrations increased with soil depth for TD and UD. However, these ion concentrations decreased with time for TD and stayed relatively unchanged or increased for UD. Groundwater EC w and ion concentrations decreased over time for TD and to a lesser extent for UD. Groundwater levels increased slightly for TD but increased more for UD, where high water tables caused wet soil conditions resulting in yield reduction in several years. Soybean yields increase by 0.18 and 0.06 Mg ha −1 year −1 for TD and UD, respectively. Wheat grain yield increased over time for TD and UD at similar rates (0.17 and 0.18 Mg ha −1 year −1 , respectively). Corn grain yield increased slightly from 2016 to 2019 for TD, but decreased by 6.2 Mg ha −1 from 2016 to 2019 for UD due to wet soil conditions. Overall, the outcomes of this field‐scale study provide validation of similar outcomes reported in small‐scale studies for subsurface drainage as a management tool for soil salinity in the Northern Great Plains.

Nathan E. Derby

Abbey F. Wick

Thomas M. DeSutter

Aaron Lee M. Daigh

Salinity management with subsurface drainage over 9 years in a soybean–wheat–corn rotation

9年地下排水下的盐分管理在大豆-小麦-玉米轮作中的应用

Abbreviation	Agrosyst. geosci. environ.
Journal Impact	1.26
Quartiles(Global)	AGRONOMY(Q3)

ISSN	2639-6696
h-index	16

Publication Information	Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Ltd，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2018，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%
Journal Fees	$1810Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：24 Weeks

Agrosystems, Geosciences and Environment

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Using electromagnetic induction to inform precision turfgrass management strategies in sand‐capped golf course fairways

Rolled‐crimped cover crops for organic no‐till planted winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Northeast region of the United States

Root and shoot biomass and nutrient composition of winter rye cover crop following corn and soybean

A practical, reproducible laboratory method for assessing soil aggregate stability

Salinity management with subsurface drainage over 9 years in a soybean–wheat–corn rotation

Using electromagnetic induction to inform precision turfgrass management strategies in sand‐capped golf course fairways

Rolled‐crimped cover crops for organic no‐till planted winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Northeast region of the United States

Root and shoot biomass and nutrient composition of winter rye cover crop following corn and soybean

A practical, reproducible laboratory method for assessing soil aggregate stability

Salinity management with subsurface drainage over 9 years in a soybean–wheat–corn rotation