Agrosystems, Geosciences and Environment

Abstract Different methods have developed to reduce the risks of potentially toxic elements in contaminated soils. Among them, adsorption is one of the most important and effective strategies. In this research, kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils were investigated. A factorial experiment was conducted based on a completely randomized design with three replications. The factors included three types of adsorbents (sunflower's biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite), four levels of Cd (0, 20, 50, and 100 mg/L as Cd (NO 3 ) 2 ), and three soil samples, differing in their cation exchange capacity, soil organic matter, and calcium carbonate equivalent. Batch experiments were carried out to evaluate Cd adsorption isotherms and kinetic models. Furthermore, the effect of adsorbent dosage, contact time, and initial pH on the adsorption efficiency was examined. Optimizing studies revealed that the best pH for Cd adsorption was 5, while the optimal equilibrium time was achieved at 24 h. The results showed that the Freundlich model fitted to the experimental data slightly better than the Langmuir model. Moreover, the pseudo‐second‐order kinetic model better described the kinetic behavior of Cd adsorption for the investigated adsorbents. The maximum Cd removal efficiency (99%) belonged to soil No. 2 with biochar. Lastly, it was concluded that sunflower biochar, a cheap and cost‐effective adsorbent, had high efficiency in Cd adsorption in calcareous soils.

Reza Keyhaninejad

Aliashraf Amirinejad

Akram Fatemi

Agrosystems Geosciences & Environment

Kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils

钙质土壤中生物炭、活性炭和沸石对镉吸附的动力学研究

Abstract Vertical farming (VF) refers to systems of agriculture where crops are grown in trays stacked vertically by exposing them to artificial light and using sensing technology to improve product quality and yield. In this work, we propose an advanced filtering scheme based on recurrent neural networks (RNNs) and deep learning to enable efficient control strategies for VF applications. We demonstrate that the best RNN model incorporates five neuron layers, with the first and second containing 90 long short‐term memory neurons. The third layer implements one gated recurrent units neuron. The fourth segment incorporates one RNN network, while the output layer is designed by using a single neuron exhibiting a rectified linear activation function. By utilizing this RNN digital filter, we introduce two variations: (1) a scaled RNN model to tune the filter to the signal of interest, and (2) a moving average filter to eliminate harmonic oscillations of the output waveforms. The RNN models are contrasted with conventional digital Butterworth, Chebyshev I, Chebyshev II, and elliptic infinite impulse response (IIR) configurations. The RNN digital filtering schemes avoid introducing unwanted oscillations, which makes them more suitable for VF than their IIR counterparts. Finally, by utilizing the advanced features of scaling of the RNN model, we demonstrate that the RNN digital filter can be pH selective, as opposed to conventional IIR filters.

Rolando Hinojosa‐Meza

Martín Montes Rivera

Paulino Vacas‐Jacques

Nivia Escalante‐Garcia

José Alonso Dena‐Aguilar

Aldonso Becerra Sanchez

Ernesto Olvera‐Gonzalez

Comparative analysis of RNN versus IIR digital filtering to optimize resilience to dynamic perturbations in pH sensing for vertical farming

垂直农业中pH传感动态扰动恢复力的优化：RNN与IIR数字滤波的比较分析

Abstract The evolution and widespread occurrence of herbicide‐resistant weeds pose a major challenge for farmers and crop consultants across North America, warranting integrated management strategies. The adoption of cover crops offer weed suppression and soil health benefits but adds management complexity. A survey, targeting farmers and crop consultants, was conducted during the spring of 2023 to evaluate current cover crop management practices and perceptions in Wisconsin cropping systems. The survey included 26 questions across five sections: respondent profile, cover crop adoption and experience, cover crop management ahead of soybean [ Glycine max (L.) Merr.], cover crop management ahead of corn ( Zea mays L.), and general benefits and challenges of cover crop adoption. Farmers and crop consultants represented most respondents, influencing a total of 29,500 and 557,000 ha, respectively. Waterhemp ( Amaranthus tuberculatus [Moq.] J.D. Sauer) and giant ragweed ( Ambrosia trifida L.) were identified as the most troublesome weeds. Over 90% of respondents use herbicides to terminate their cover crops, and 68% of respondents agree that cover crops improved overall weed control in their farms/clients’ farms to some extent [cereal rye ( Secale cereale L.) as main cover crop species]. Additionally, results demonstrate a strong consensus (85%) on cover crops positively influencing water retention, with 98% agreement on their efficacy in reducing soil erosion. Results from this survey can help guide farmers, agronomists, researchers, and policymakers with cover crop adoption, management, policies, incentives, and future research and education needs in Wisconsin and beyond to support the development of more sustainable and efficient weed and crop management strategies.

Guilherme Chudzik

Jose J. Nunes

Nicholas J. Arneson

Grace Arneson

Shawn P. Conley

Rodrigo Werle

Assessment of cover crop adoption and impact on weed management in Wisconsin corn‐soybean cropping systems

威斯康星州玉米-大豆轮作系统中覆盖作物采用情况及其对杂草管理的影响评估

Abstract Soil degradation is a worldwide problem, causing the declining performance of many plant species. Recently, the application of sediments dredged from aquatic waterways has received attention for their potential as an organic amendment to revive degraded agricultural soils. In Ohio, dredged sediment research has largely focused on the success of corn ( Zea mays ) or soybean ( Glycine max ) following the application of dredged sediments from the Toledo Harbor, neglecting the potential for dredged sediments from the other eight harbors and waterways to change plant performance as well as failing to quantify benefits for other commonly grown crops in the region. In a greenhouse experiment, we applied dredged sediments from the Lorain Harbor to degraded agricultural soils across a variety of application ratios and quantified changes in germination, height over the growing season, final biomass, and yield for canola ( Brassica napus ), tall fescue KY 31 ( Festuca arundinacea ), and corn to better understand the potential for dredged sediments from this location to increase performance for a variety of regionally important plant species. Overall, plants grown on agricultural soils supplemented with dredged sediments from the Lorain Harbor consistently grew taller, faster, and were larger than the 100% dredged sediment treatments. Furthermore, both corn and tall fescue grown on agricultural soil supplemented with dredged sediments had greater yield compared to their counterparts grown on unamended agricultural soil. In whole, outcomes from this research contribute to a growing body of research that support the use of dredged sediments as a soil amendment for agricultural soils.

Maureen E. Roddy

Emily Kalhert

Corry T. Platt

Ashley N. Julian

Megan A. Rúa

Evaluating corn, tall fescue and canola growth on sediments dredged from the Lorain Harbor

评估玉米、高羊茅和油菜在洛雷恩港疏浚沉积物上的生长情况

Abstract Zoysiagrass ( Zoysia spp. Willd.) is a popular choice for commercial and residential lawns, as well as golf course fairways and tees because it requires less light, fertilizer, and mowing compared to bermudagrass ( Cynodon spp.). However, zoysiagrass' slow growth rate compared to other putting green options presents a challenge for both rapid establishment from sprigs and its wider adoption as a putting green surface. It is currently unknown if very frequent irrigation, commonly used in horticultural propagation, can be applied to turfgrass and accelerate establishment from sprigs. Irrigation was applied to Prizm zoysiagrass sprigs across either four or 192 irrigation events from 06:00 a.m. to 10:00 p.m. Prizm zoysiagrass establishment was unaffected by irrigation frequency and averaged 40% turfgrass coverage after 21.6 and 27.3 days in run A and run B, respectively. These results imply that very frequent irrigation did not accelerate establishment. Additional research elucidating zoysiagrass sprig physiology during propagation and development is necessary to better define management practices that hasten establishment.

短名	Agrosyst. geosci. environ.
Journal Impact	1.26
国际分区	AGRONOMY(Q3)

ISSN	2639-6696
h-index	16

涉及主题	生物农学环境科学生态学化学物理地质学有机化学地理工程类植物材料科学冶金量子力学园艺土壤科学热力学土壤水分复合材料
出版信息	出版商: John Wiley and Sons Ltd，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 是
基本数据	创刊年份: 2018，原创研究文献占比: 0.00%，自引率:N.A.， Gold OA占比: 0.00%
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Agrosystems, Geosciences and Environment

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Kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils

Comparative analysis of RNN versus IIR digital filtering to optimize resilience to dynamic perturbations in pH sensing for vertical farming

Assessment of cover crop adoption and impact on weed management in Wisconsin corn‐soybean cropping systems

Evaluating corn, tall fescue and canola growth on sediments dredged from the Lorain Harbor

Irrigation frequency effects on Prizm zoysiagrass establishment from sprigs

Irrigation frequency effects on Prizm zoysiagrass establishment from sprigs

Evaluating corn, tall fescue and canola growth on sediments dredged from the Lorain Harbor

Assessment of cover crop adoption and impact on weed management in Wisconsin corn‐soybean cropping systems

Kinetics of Cd adsorption by biochar, activated carbon, and zeolite in some calcareous soils

Comparative analysis of RNN versus IIR digital filtering to optimize resilience to dynamic perturbations in pH sensing for vertical farming