Acta Hydrologica Slovaca

Martin Kubáň

Juraj Parajka

Ján Szolgay

Silvia Kohnová

Kamila Hlavčová

Patrik Sleziak

Adam Brziak

Acta hydrologica Slovaca

Improvement of runoff simulation efficiency using satellite soil moisture data for typical monthly runoff regimes in Austria

利用卫星土壤湿度数据提高奥地利典型月径流模式径流模拟效率

Dams are designed and built to withstand severe destabilising conditions, including seepage problems, which are very often linked to localized discontinuity stress in the rock foundations, or in the banks.This situation allows water to take different circulation paths, and consequently jeopardizes the stability of the dam and reduces its useful capacity.The Beni Haroun dam, located in the North-Eastern part of Algeria on the Oued El-Kebir, with a water storage capacity of about 1 billion m 3 , the dam is located on a Ypresian (Karst) limestone mass with an estimated annual leakage volume of 31.536hm 3 .The present work focuses on the identification of the water leakage origin in the Beni Haroun dam, using a hydrogeological approach, which consists in interpreting the correlation between the water level in the reservoir and that in the piezometers installed around the dam, for the period 2003 to 2021.The results revealed some interesting findings.

Lynda Chebbah

Abdesselem Kabour

Characterization of leakage water flows in the subsoil of Beni Haroun dam by hydrogeological approach

贝尼哈伦大坝下土壤渗漏水流的水文地质特征研究

Increasing population led to the increasing demand to food, raw materials, water and energy, followed by the increasing intensification of land use, and increasing industrial and agricultural production.This led to fossil fuels combustion and related carbon dioxide emissions, to building of structures impermeable to water as industrial infrastructure, transport facilities and dwelling structures, which basically change land properties, structure of water and energy fluxes of biosphere, and to climate change of the Earth.The aim of this paper is to quantify the influence of modified evaporating surfaces by land use changes on water and energy fluxes in modified ecosystems.The influence of land use changes on energy fluxes in the boundary layer of atmosphere is compared to the influence of carbon dioxide concentration increase.It was demonstrated that the contribution of land use changes can be more significant than the influence of carbon dioxide emissions on atmosphere boundary layer temperature.

Viliam Novák

The influence of land use change on transport of water and energy in ecosystem and climate change

土地利用变化对生态系统和气候变化中水与能量传输的影响

Biochar is a widely known soil amendment.In the presented study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of biochar produced from Swedish willow ((Salix schwerinii x S. viminalis) x S. viminalis), ground into three different size fractions (<125µm, 125µm-2 mm and >2 mm) on selected hydrophysical properties of silty loam soils.Biochar was applied in the amount of 1.5% per weight of dry matter and the results were compared with pure silty loam soil (control).Data of biochar application impact on the selected hydrophysical properties of silty loam soil were statistically analyzed.In general, our results suggest that applied different size fractions of biochar does not have a statistically significant effect on particle density, however does have an effect on bulk density, porosity and saturated hydraulic conductivity of silty loam soil.With regard to bulk density, a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) was observed compared to the control and it ranged from 4.18 to 8.13% from the smallest to the largest biochar fraction.The decrease of bulk density further led to a statistically significant increase (p<0.05) in porosity of all three treatments.Saturated hydraulic conductivity tended to increase as the size fraction of the biochar used was progressively reduced.This increase ranged from 63.77% (for biochar with size fraction >2 mm) to 112.42% (for biochar with size fraction <125µm) compared to pure silty loam soil (control).

Lucia Toková

Natália Botková

Justína Vitková

Lenka Botyanszká

Kamil Skic

Angelika Gryta

Impact of the biochar fraction sizes on the selected hydrophysical properties of silty loam soil

生物炭粒径对粉壤土选定亲水物理性质的影响

Water reservoirs are important source in supplying inhabitants with drinking water of high-quality.In total, there are 8 reservoirs in Slovakia for drinking water supply purpose.The youngest of them is the Turček reservoir located in the middle of Slovakia, which is also the object of this study.In the article, we deal with the thermal stratification in it during 3 seasons (spring, summer, autumn).Based on the analysis of data provided by the operator of the reservoir from its operation start, it came out that the thermal stratification in the reservoir occurs significantly during the summer.In the given hydro-climatic conditions, it starts at the end of April and ends in October.We also analyzed the existence of the thermocline layer, which occurs mainly in the summer, but also in spring and in autumn, but not so significantly and regularly.Thermal stratification can be classified also by Thermocline Strength Index (TSI) that indicates the steepness of the thermocline or the average gradient of the thermocline layer, so the part of the study was focused also to this indicator.

Adrián Varga

Yvetta Velísková

Marek Sokáč

Valentín Sočuvka

Pavol Mikula

Analysis of seasonal changes of thermal stratification in reservoir for drinking water supply (Slovakia, Turček reservoir)

饮用水供应水库（斯洛伐克，图尔采克水库）热分层季节变化分析

Application of soil modifiers is a widely used practice in agriculture to improve soil quality in support of good agricultural practices.This paper presents an assessment of the effect of zeolite modifiers combined with four soils of Polish and Slovakian origin on their hydrophysical properties.Under laboratory conditions, the characterization of the applied soil additives was carried out along with particle soil analysis.In addition, the prepared soil mixtures were examined using contact angle and saturated hydraulic conductivity.The results suggest that the increase in hydrophobicity occurred mainly after the application of fly ash, and the values for Polish Silty clay soil and Slovak soils: Sandy soil, Silt loam soil, and Silty clay soil compared to the control changed from 73.02° to 96.22°; 8.67° to 24.88°; 29.23° to 33.94° and 19.9° to 26.16° respectively.The increase in hydrophobicity could be explained by the higher CaO content of the high-carbon fly ash compared to the other materials.The parameters of saturated hydraulic conductivity were reduced after the application of all zeolite materials in the case of Polish Silty clay and Slovak Sandy soils.By filling the space between the soil particles, the porous soil additives decreased the hydraulic conductivity.In Slovak soils such as Silty loam soil and Silty clay soil, the opposite effect was observed.The soil additives increased the number and size of pores, which resulted in faster filtration of water and thus an increase in the saturated hydraulic conductivity value.

Katarzyna Grygorczuk-płaneta

Agnieszka Tomczyk

Rafał Panek

Katarzyna Szewczuk-karpisz

Study on hydrophysical and chemical parameters of Polish and Slovak soils modified with zeolitic additives

波兰和斯洛伐克土壤改性沸石添加剂的水理和化学参数研究

There are increasing demands in cities to reduce the amount of impermeable areas and mitigate water runoff from extreme rainfall.Vegetated roofs are a promising nature-based solution for stormwater management in urban areas.In this study, the retention of rainwater on a roof substrate with different depths and during different rainfall intensities was evaluated.An experiment was conducted in laboratory conditions using a small rainfall simulator.A commercial roof substrate was tested, where by 3 different depths of a substrate were chosen (7, 10, and 14 cm) then, a 15-minute rainfall with 3 intensities (1.3; 2.7, and 3.8 mm min -1 ) was applied.The study revealed variations in higher rainfall intensities of 2.7 mm and 3.8 mm min -1 .A comparison was made using substrate with a depth of 7-10 cm, indicating an 8-16% increase in water retention capacity.The roof substrate with a depth of 10-14 cm increased its retention capacity by 12%.The water retention results can be considered as the maximum limit of possible retention for a 15-minute duration of rainfall at specific 3 intensities.This experiment showed that a longer duration of rain is needed to determine the peak discharge attenuation rate.

Jana Grečnárová

Michaela Danáčová

The effect of the substrate depth on hydrological performance of a vegetation roof: Laboratory study

基质深度对植被屋顶水文性能的影响：实验室研究

On September 4, 2023, Thessaly, Greece, underwent a catastrophic flood due to Medicane Daniel.Extreme rainfall, ranging from 305 mm to 1096 mm between 4 and 12 September, caused extensive damage to the infrastructure, agriculture and houses.Seventeen casualties were recorded.This study is aimed at using radar data from earth observation satellites to detect the inundated areas and evaluate the impact of the flood.Sentinel images were acquired from Copernicus Open Acess Hub For 7, 10, 13, and 19 September, 2023, along with a CORINE Land use/Land cover map.Processing the satellite images involved several steps, including their calibration, noise removal, filtering, and polarization adjustments.Flooded areas were quantified for the specified dates, thereby revealing substantial coverage of the land.The damage assessment focused on irrigated and non-irrigated land and pasture areas, highlighting the impact's severity.The highest impact was noticed on September 7 in irrigated land (95.62%).The second phase incorporated the Flood Water Depth Estimation Tool (FwDET) to estimate the floodwater depths and reveal the maximum depths near riverbanks.The maximum floodwater depth was also noticed on September 7 and reached 9.49 m.This study employed advanced remote sensing and GIS techniques, allowing for a rapid estimation of flood characteristics and assessment of Medicine Daniel's damage to the Thessaly prefecture from September 4 to 12, 2023.

Evangelos Leivadiotis

Aris Psilovikos

Evaluating flood events caused by Medicane “Daniel” in the Thessaly District (Central Greece) using remote sensing data and techniques

使用遥感数据和技术评估地中海飓风“丹尼尔”在塞萨利地区（希腊中部）引发的洪水事件

Leaf area index (LAI) is an important vegetation leaf structure parameter in forest and agricultural ecosystems.In the paper, we deal with the estimation of leaf area index (LAI) and woody area index (WAI) values in a decline climax spruce forest.The research is conducted on the Červenec research plot at an altitude of 1,420 m a.s.l. in the Western Tatra Mountains in the Jalovecký Creek catchment.We carried out the initial measurements during June, August and October 2023.We estimated the values of the LAI and WAI in the mature living and dead spruce stands using hemispherical photography and HemiView software.LAI and WAI values weren´t corrected with clumping index.The average values in the living and dead forest stands were 4.7 and 3.0, respectively.In addition to the estimation of the spruce canopy layer LAI, we measured the LAI values of the understorey vegetation in the living, dead stand and in an open area using the SunScan instrument and the SunData software.The highest LAI values of the understorey in the living stand (1.9), in the dead stand (5.3) and in an open area (2.9) were obtained in August, when the vegetation was fully leafy.On the other hand, the lowest LAI values in the understorey were reached in the living stand (1.2) and in an open area (1.8) in October, when the vegetation was already without leaves.

Martin Jančo

Michal Danko

Ladislav Holko

Estimation of the leaf area index in a decline spruce forest in the Western Tatra Mountains for determination of rainfall interception

西塔特拉山衰退云杉林叶面积指数估算及其对降雨截留的确定

This paper was focused to find out the impact of silting of Gabčíkovo-Topoľníky channel on the flow conditions at this channel.There were performed the detailed field measurements of bed sediment thicknesses along the Gabčíkovo-Topoľníky since the year 1993 to 2023.Based on the calculation of the values of the average thickness of the bed sediments, there was determined the longitudinal distribution of the bed sediments along the Gabčíkovo-Topoľníky channel, the percentage of silting of the flow area in this channel and the values of the volumes of bed sediments in this channel during the monitored period, which was the main objective and the reasons of this research.This paper relates to evaluation of results from the field measurements at Gabčíkovo-Topoľníky channel during whole monitored period since the year 1993 to 2023, especially compares the results from measurements between the year 1993 and 2023.Gabčíkovo-Topoľníky channel is one from three main channels of Žitný Ostrov (Rye Island) channel network.The area of Žitný Ostrov (ŽO) is flat land and the velocities in all channels of channel network are very slow.The occurrence of small velocities is considered for main reason of sediment`s aggradation at channel bed.The flow profile of channels is reduced by increased thickness of bed sediments.Consequently, the permanent sedimentation process is unfavourably changing not only the cross-section of channel, but also its longitudinal profile.The channel´s capacity is therefore significantly reduced, e. g. the channel conveys much lower flow as a result of obstruction, lowering the efficiency at channel performance.The volume of sediments is also growing.Bed sediments, their thickness and texture have the important impact to interaction between surface water in channels of ŽO network and groundwater in its surroundings.The results of these measurements are summed up in all tables and figures of this paper and their comparison indicates the growing trend of longitudinal silting of this channel and the volume quantity of bed sediments during the observed period -30 years.

Renáta Dulovičová

Bed sediment dynamics in the Gabčíkovo-Topoľníky channel: The three-decade case study

加布契科沃-托波洛尼克渠道的床沙动力学：三十年案例研究

出版信息	出版商: Slovak Academy of Sciences, Institute of Hydrology，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2019，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:

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