Current Research in Neurobiology

Future neuroscience and biomedical projects involving non-human primates (NHPs) remain essential in our endeavors to understand the complexities and functioning of the mammalian central nervous system. In so doing, the NHP neuroscience researcher must be allowed to incorporate state-of-the-art technologies, including the use of novel viral vectors, gene therapy and transgenic approaches to answer continuing and emerging research questions that can only be addressed in NHP research models. This perspective piece captures these emerging technologies and some specific research questions they can address. At the same time, we highlight some current caveats to global NHP research and collaborations including the lack of common ethical and regulatory frameworks for NHP research, the limitations involving animal transportation and exports, and the ongoing influence of activist groups opposed to NHP research.

Peter Janssen

Tadashi Isa

Jose Lanciego

Kirk Leech

Nikos Logothetis

Mu-Ming Poo

Anna S. Mitchell

Visualizing advances in the future of primate neuroscience research

可视化灵长类神经科学研究的未来进展

In children, hearing loss has been associated with hyperactivity, disturbed social interaction, and risk of cognitive disturbances. Mechanistic explanations of these relations sometimes involve language. To investigate the effect of hearing loss on behavioral deficits in the absence of language, we tested the impact of hearing loss in juvenile rats on motor, social, and cognitive behavior and on physiology of prefrontal cortex. Hearing loss was induced in juvenile (postnatal day 14) male Sprague-Dawley rats by intracochlear injection of neomycin under general anesthesia. Sham-operated and non-operated hearing rats served as controls. One week after surgery auditory brainstem response (ABR) measurements verified hearing loss or intact hearing in sham-operated and non-operated controls. All rats were then tested for locomotor activity (open field), coordination (Rotarod), and for social interaction during development in weeks 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 24 after surgery. From week 8 on, rats were trained and tested for spatial learning and memory (4-arm baited 8-arm radial maze test). In a final setting, neuronal activity was recorded in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). In the open field deafened rats moved faster and covered more distance than sham-operated and non-operated controls from week 8 on (both p < 0.05). Deafened rats showed significantly more play fighting during development (p < 0.05), whereas other aspects of social interaction, such as following, were not affected. Learning of the radial maze test was not impaired in deafened rats (p > 0.05), but rats used less next-arm entries than other groups indicating impaired concept learning (p < 0.05). In the mPFC neuronal firing rate was reduced and enhanced irregular firing was observed. Moreover, oscillatory activity was altered, both within the mPFC and in coherence of mPFC with the somatosensory cortex (p < 0.05). Hearing loss in juvenile rats leads to hyperactive behavior and pronounced play-fighting during development, suggesting a causal relationship between hearing loss and cognitive development. Altered neuronal activities in the mPFC after hearing loss support such effects on neuronal networks outside the central auditory system. This animal model provides evidence of developmental consequences of juvenile hearing loss on prefrontal cortex in absence of language as potential confounding factor.

Jonas Jelinek

Marie Johne

Mesbah Alam

Joachim K. Krauss

Andrej Kral

Kerstin Schwabe

Hearing loss in juvenile rats leads to excessive play fighting and hyperactivity, mild cognitive deficits and altered neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex

幼鼠听力丧失导致过度打斗和多动、轻度认知缺陷及前额叶皮层神经活动改变

Gaoyuan Ma

Jonathan M. Chan

Katrina H. Worthy

Marcello G.P. Rosa

Nafiseh Atapour

Rapid degeneration and neurochemical plasticity of the lateral geniculate nucleus following lesions of the primary visual cortex in marmoset monkeys

初级视觉皮层损伤后绢毛猴外侧膝状核的快速退变与神经化学可塑性

Chrysa Retsa

Ana Hernando Ariza

Nathanael W. Noordanus

Lorenzo Ruffoni

Micah M. Murray

Benedetta Franceschiello

A psychophysically-tuned computational model of human primary visual cortex produces geometric optical illusions

一个心理物理学调谐的计算模型模拟人类初级视觉皮层产生几何光学错觉

Matthew A. Bennett

Lucy S. Petro

Clement Abbatecola

Lars F. Muckli

Retinotopic biases in contextual feedback signals to V1 for object and scene processing

视觉皮层V1区在物体和场景处理中对反馈信号的视网膜拓扑偏倚

Silke Kreitz

Bruno Pradier

Daniel Segelcke

Saeedeh Amirmohseni

Andreas Hess

Cornelius Faber

Esther M. Pogatzki-Zahn

DISTINCT FUNCTIONAL CEREBRAL HYPERSENSITIVITY NETWORKS DURING INCISIONAL AND INFLAMMATORY PAIN IN RATS

大鼠切口性和炎性疼痛期间独特的功能性脑超敏网络

A fundamental problem in neuroscience is how neurons select for their many inputs. A common assumption is that a neuron's selectivity is largely explained by differences in excitatory synaptic input weightings. Here we describe another solution to this important problem. We show that within the first order visual thalamus, the type of inhibition provided by thalamic interneurons has the potential to alter the input selectivity of thalamocortical neurons. To do this, we developed conductance injection protocols to compare how different types of synchronous and asynchronous GABA release influence thalamocortical excitability in response to realistic patterns of retinal ganglion cell input. We show that the asynchronous GABA release associated with tonic inhibition is particularly efficient at maintaining information content, ensuring that thalamocortical neurons can distinguish between their inputs. We propose a model where alterations in GABA release properties results in rapid changes in input selectivity without requiring structural changes in the network.

Deyl Djama

Florian Zirpel

Zhiwen Ye

Gerald Moore

Charmaine Chue

Christopher Edge

Polona Jager

Alessio Delogu

Stephen G. Brickley

The type of inhibition provided by thalamic interneurons alters the input selectivity of thalamocortical neurons

丘脑中间神经元提供的抑制类型改变丘脑皮质神经元的输入选择性

Publication Information	Publisher: Elsevier B.V.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2020，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:
Journal Fees	$2500Details
Average review cycle	20 weeks

Current Research in Neurobiology

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Visualizing advances in the future of primate neuroscience research

Hearing loss in juvenile rats leads to excessive play fighting and hyperactivity, mild cognitive deficits and altered neuronal activity in the prefrontal cortex

Rapid degeneration and neurochemical plasticity of the lateral geniculate nucleus following lesions of the primary visual cortex in marmoset monkeys

A psychophysically-tuned computational model of human primary visual cortex produces geometric optical illusions

Retinotopic biases in contextual feedback signals to V1 for object and scene processing

Rapid degeneration and neurochemical plasticity of the lateral geniculate nucleus following lesions of the primary visual cortex in marmoset monkeys

A psychophysically-tuned computational model of human primary visual cortex produces geometric optical illusions

Retinotopic biases in contextual feedback signals to V1 for object and scene processing

DISTINCT FUNCTIONAL CEREBRAL HYPERSENSITIVITY NETWORKS DURING INCISIONAL AND INFLAMMATORY PAIN IN RATS

The type of inhibition provided by thalamic interneurons alters the input selectivity of thalamocortical neurons