Coronaviruses

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic has imposed drastic challenges to the health system and resulted in drastic measures to reduce the high morbidity and mortality rates observed among affected individuals. Pregnant women were faced with an unexpected suspension of anti-natal care with the recommendation of indoor confinement. Telemedicine (Tm), defined as the delivery of healthcare via communication, stood up as a valuable tool to address those needs with its convenience of remote monitoring and ease of use. This review aimed to verify the transition of Tm in obstetrical care, define factors and barriers associated with its acceptance, its performance, and how it evolved during the COVID-19 era to guide its role in modern obstetrics. Four electronic repositories were searched: PubMed, Scopus, WOS, and Google Scholar using the keywords (pregnant, telemedicine, COVID- 19, feto-maternal health, outcome, satisfaction, and health care); eligible studies were included in the analysis. Despite the challenges and difficulties faced by Tm during its early implementation in the pandemic, its effectiveness was demonstrated. Looking back to the lessons learned from the pandemic, Tm stood out as a reliable, safe, cost-effective tool for delivering anti-natal care during lockdown. Its role in alleviating anxiety and stress associated with the pandemic was notable. There are still gaps in our knowledge that need to be researched further, practically, the long-term outcome of Tm follow-up for both the mothers and their babies, and from a lower income countries' perspective as Tm services faced digital literacy in those areas. It has been anticipated that Tm will play a crucial role in modern obstetrics, as an integral part of the health service or as a complete part. Moreover, by adopting the 2 models, pregnant women will have the leverage of to aim for better delivery and outcomes in the presented health care.

Wassan Nori

Amenah Fadhil

Zainab Abdul Ameer Jaafar

The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Telemedicine Evolution in Obstetrical Care During COVID-19

新型冠状病毒大流行对COVID-19期间产科护理中远程医疗发展的影响

Background: This study aimed to investigate the severity of disease and length of hospital stay for COVID-19 patients admitted to a hospital in southeastern Iran. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Kerman, Iran. Data were collected from patients who visited Afzalipour Hospital in Kerman more than twice during the COVID-19 epidemic from the end of February 2020 to March 21, 2021. We conducted two key analyses: 1. Mixed effect logistic regression was used to check the relationship between the variables and COVID-19 severity. 2. Mixed effect linear regression was used to check the relationship between the variables and the length of stay in the hospital. Results: The findings indicated that the most important risk factors for the severity of COVID-19 were heart diseases (OR=1.67,95%CI:1.20-2.30), increasing age (OR=2.23 for age&gt;54, 95%CI:1.70- 2.90), male gender (OR=1.47,95%CI:1.10-1.96), respiratory diseases other than asthma, and frequency of admission (OR=1.60,95%CI:1.20-2.15). All patients who underwent readmission experienced a shorter duration of hospitalization during their subsequent admission (OR=0.94,95%CI:0.91,0.96) and had a higher mortality rate (30% within 14 days, 26.6% between 14-90 days). Patients readmitted at intervals of 14-90 days and greater than 90 days exhibited lower disease severity compared to those readmitted within the 0-14 day period. Conclusion: Examining readmissions, the severity of COVID-19, and the length of hospital stay in affected patients are important factors for planning and allocating resources for COVID-19 management and treatment. These factors can help policymakers develop effective clinical guidelines for hospitalization or outpatient treatment of COVID-19 patients and contribute to reducing the burden of disease in the community.

Milad Ahmadi Gohari

Mohammad Hossein Mehrolhassani

Shoboo Rahmati

Elham Sharifpoor

Hossein Mirzaei

Yunes Jahani

The Severity of Disease and Hospital Length of Stay for the First and Second Admission of COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study from Southeastern Iran

COVID-19患者首次和第二次入院的疾病严重程度及住院时间：伊朗东南部的一项观察性研究

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic is having a devastating impact on public health, with a higher risk of severe illness and mortality in vulnerable groups. Individuals with a history of diabetes are more prone to severe COVID-19. A collection of hyperglycemia, inflammation, and impaired immunity in diabetes, especially in poor glycemic control, notably increases the risk of COVID-19 severity. Hyperglycemia can trigger the release of inflammatory cytokines, highlighting the intricate relationship between glucose metabolism and inflammation, and contributing to cytokine storms that worsen COVID-19 severity. Understanding this relationship enables healthcare providers to develop personalized care strategies for managing blood glucose in diabetic patients, thereby reducing the risk of severe COVID-19 outcomes. This study aims to identify the factors that contribute to the severe outcomes of COVID-19 in patients with diabetes, to better understand and manage this critical combination. Methods: A total of 411 patients with COVID-19 infection referred to the Teaching Hospital of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, were included in this study. The COVID-19 severity was evaluated according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. All information including demographic, clinical, and laboratory data as well as severity and outcome of the disease were compared between diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Results: The diabetic patients had higher blood glucose (210.3 ±114.9 mg/dl) compared to nondiabetics (118.74 ±3.8 mg/dl) upon admission (p=0.0001). Diabetics also experienced more severe COVID-19 infection (p=0.048). Patients with severe COVID-19 had significantly higher blood glucose (168.5 ±12.8 mg/dl) than those with non-severe infection (136.6± 6.3 mg/dl) (p=0.013). Diabetics had higher erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESR) compared to non-diabetics (52.25±2.4 vs. 43.81±1.8 mm/h, p=0.006). Diabetic patients taking ACEIs/ARBs had more severe COVID-19 infection (p=0.031). Conclusion: The study discovered a positive relationship between hyperglycemia and COVID-19 severity, as well as a higher risk of severe COVID-19 among patients taking ACEIs or ARBs.

Zahra Hosseini-Khah

Narges Mirzaei Ilali

Mina Khasayesi

Shirin Sheibani

Fatemeh Ramezani

Zahra Kashi

The Impact of Diabetes-related Factors on the Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Patients: A Descriptive-analytical Study

糖尿病相关因素对住院患者COVID-19感染严重程度及预后的影响：一项描述性-分析性研究

Abstract: An abrupt outbreak of "Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2" was first identified in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China, in December 2019, which was later disseminated globally. Individuals afflicted with this highly transmissible virus contribute to a significant public health crisis. The lack of specific vaccinations and antiviral medications for nCoV-2019, together with the emergence of mutations in the genome of the virus, necessitates a multifaceted approach to drug design and discovery for COVID-19. A comprehensive worldwide supervision plan is essential for the accurate forecast and prevention of viral infections. The SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein plays a crucial role in viral binding, fusion, and entrance, hence influencing the generation and evolution of antibodies and vaccines. The receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein exhibits a significant affinity for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors. It encompasses diverse mutations in the N-terminal domain (NTD) and the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, enhancing immunological efficacy. The B.1.617.2 mutant, also known as the Delta variation, is expected to spread more rapidly than earlier versions. Thus, in this study, we have evaluated the structural characteristics of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and the human ACE2 protein and their interactions and examined putative SPIKE-ACE2 protein-protein inhibitors derived from the phytocompounds of Phyllanthus species. This is the crucial aspect for the advancement of economical clinical trials of individual plant components for the treatment of viral diseases.

Ashokkumar Sibiya

Baskaralingam Vaseeharan

Palaniappan Ramasamy

Sundaresan Bhavaniramya

SARS CoV-2 Delta Variant Spike Protein: Structure, Mechanism, and Docking Interaction with Antiviral Ligands from the Plants of the Phyllanthus Genus

SARS-CoV-2 Delta变异株刺突蛋白：结构、机制及与 Phyllanthus 属植物抗病毒配体的对接相互作用

Abstract: The new XEC variant that has recently been described, a recombinant strain originated from the Omicron sub-lineages KS1.1 and KP3.3 (also known as FLuQE; it is descended from the FLiRT lineage), has since early July, 2024, been confirmed in more than 15 EU countries as well as North America and Asia. Currently, the XEC variant is reported in 27 countries, including America, Britain, and China, with T22N and Q493E in the spike that gives it a transmission advantage, meaning that it may be the dominant strain in this coming winter season. Like past COVID-19 strains, XEC has caused flu-like signs, including fever, sore throat, and body aches. Thus, the high efficacy of vaccines in preventing severe disease and hospitalization cannot negate the necessity to pay attention to XEC, increase public health measures, and improve genomic surveillance due to the high transmissibility of the virus and slight advantage in transmission. This letter urges people worldwide to pay attention to how XEC is spreading and to act quickly to stop new cases from rising, especially among the susceptible groups.

Publication Information	Publisher: Bentham Science Publishers，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2020，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Coronaviruses

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The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Telemedicine Evolution in Obstetrical Care During COVID-19

The Severity of Disease and Hospital Length of Stay for the First and Second Admission of COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study from Southeastern Iran

The Impact of Diabetes-related Factors on the Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Patients: A Descriptive-analytical Study

SARS CoV-2 Delta Variant Spike Protein: Structure, Mechanism, and Docking Interaction with Antiviral Ligands from the Plants of the Phyllanthus Genus

The XEC COVID-19 Variant: A Global Threat Demanding Immediate Action

The Impact of Diabetes-related Factors on the Severity and Outcome of COVID-19 Infection in Hospitalized Patients: A Descriptive-analytical Study

SARS CoV-2 Delta Variant Spike Protein: Structure, Mechanism, and Docking Interaction with Antiviral Ligands from the Plants of the Phyllanthus Genus

The XEC COVID-19 Variant: A Global Threat Demanding Immediate Action

The Impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic on Telemedicine Evolution in Obstetrical Care During COVID-19

The Severity of Disease and Hospital Length of Stay for the First and Second Admission of COVID-19 Patients: An Observational Study from Southeastern Iran

ISSN	2666-7967, 2666-7975
h-index	7