Complex Psychiatry

This study developed potential blood-based biomarker tests for diagnosing and differentiating schizophrenia (SZ), bipolar disorder type I (BD), and normal control (NC) subjects using mRNA gene expression signatures. A total of 90 subjects (n = 30 each for the three groups of subjects) provided blood samples at two visits. The Affymetrix exon microarray was used to profile the expression of over 1.4 million probesets. We selected potential biomarker panels using the temporal stability of the probesets and also back-tested them at two different visits for each subject. The 18-gene biomarker panels, using logistic regression modeling, correctly differentiated the three groups of subjects with high accuracy across the two different clinical visits (83-88% accuracy). The results are also consistent with the actual data and the "leave-one-out" analyses, indicating that the models should be predictive when applied to independent data cohorts. Many of the SZ and BD subjects were taking antipsychotic and mood stabilizer medications at the time of blood draw, raising the possibility that these drugs could have affected some of the differential transcription signatures. Using an independent Illumina data set of gene expression data from antipsychotic medication-free SZ subjects, the 18-gene biomarker panels produced a receiver operating characteristic curve accuracy greater than 0.866 in patients that were less than 30 years of age and medication free. We confirmed select transcripts by quantitative PCR and the nCounter® System. The episodic nature of psychiatric disorders might lead to highly variable results depending on when blood is collected in relation to the severity of the disease/symptoms. We have found stable trait gene panel markers for lifelong psychiatric disorders that may have diagnostic utility in younger undiagnosed subjects where there is a critical unmet need. The study requires replication in subjects for ultimate proof of the utility of the differential diagnosis.

Marquis Philip Vawter

Robert Philibert

Brandi Rollins

Patricia L. Ruppel

Terry W. Osborn

Exon Array Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

精神分裂症与双相障碍鉴别诊断的外显子阵列生物标志物

Brandon J Coombes

Catharina Lavebratt

Mikael Landén

Mirko Manchia

Peter Falkai

Liping Hou

Raffaella Ardau

Claire O'Donovan

Mazda Adli

Stefan Herms

Frank Bellivier

Pavla Stopkova

Barbara Arias

Kazufumi Akiyama

Thomas Stamm

Nirmala Akula

Paul D Shilling

Po-Hsiu Kuo

Philip B Mitchell

Nina Dalkner

Ewa Ferensztajn-Rochowiak

Thomas G Schulze

Christian Simhandl

Michael Bauer

Joanna M Biernacka

Andrea Pfennig

Alfonso Tortorella

Mario Maj

Caterina Chillotti

Norio Ozaki

Julie S Garnham

Gustavo Turecki

Susan L McElroy

Marina Mitjans

Janice M Fullerton

Maria Del Zompo

Sergi Papiol

Guy A Rouleau

Susan G Leckband

Tadafumi Kato

Eva Reininghaus

Antoni Benabarre

Peter P Zandi

Beth Larrabee

Lina Martinsson

Francis J McMahon

Marcella Rietschel

Fernando S Goes

Martin Schalling

Barbara W Schweizer

Janusz K Rybakowski

Louise Frisen

Paul Grof

James B Potash

Katzutaka Shimoda

Palmiero Monteleone

Francesc Colom

Scott R Clark

Klaus Oliver Schubert

Andreas J Forstner

Azmeraw T Amare

Urban Osby

Tatyana Shekhtman

Maria Grigoroiu-Serbanescu

Tomas Novák

Stephane Jamain

Eduard Vieta

J Raymond DePaulo

Claire M Slaney

Michael J McCarthy

Jean-Pierre Kahn

Claudia Pisanu

Esther Jiménez

Franziska Degenhardt

Gonzalo Laje

Stephanie H Witt

Bruno Étain

Pablo Cervantes

Piotr M Czerski

Ryota Hashimoto

Urs Heilbronner

Sarah Kittel-Schneider

Alessio Squassina

Andreas Reif

Marion Leboyer

Caroline M Nievergelt

Ichiro Kusumi

Bernhard T Baune

Abesh Kumar Bhattacharjee

Francis M Mondimore

Susanne Bengesser

Sven Cichon

Markus M Nöthen

Vincent Millischer

Hsi-Chung Chen

Mark A Frye

Peter R Schofield

Jean-Michel Aubry

Joanna Hauser

Barbara König

Association of ADHD and depression polygenic scores with lithium response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics study

注意缺陷多动障碍和抑郁症多基因评分与锂盐反应的关联：一项锂遗传学联盟研究

ADHD 和抑郁症多基因评分与锂响应的关联：一项锂遗传学联盟研究

ADHD和抑郁多基因评分与锂盐反应的关联：一项锂盐遗传学联盟研究

Background: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can occur after a traumatic event. PTSD is characterized by nightmares, flashbacks and avoidance of stressors. It currently affects 2–8% of the population, with military personnel particularly susceptible. Studies show that environmental stressors can induce various epigenetic changes that shape the PTSD phenotype. Despite the significant impact of epigenetic factors on PTSD symptoms and susceptibility, they have not been widely discussed in the literature. This review focuses on describing epigenetic mechanisms in PTSD, especially DNA methylation, chromatin regulation, and noncoding RNA. Summary: The article includes relevant studies published from 2013 to 2023, excluding non-English-language studies or studies with insufficient data. This review investigated gene methylation changes in association with PTSD, including those related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotransmitters, and immune system functioning, as well as the role of histones and regulatory noncoding RNAs. Key Messages: Epigenetic alterations play a crucial role in shaping PTSD susceptibility, symptomatology, and long-term outcomes, highlighting their potential as important markers and therapeutic targets. Understanding these alterations can aid in developing clinical strategies to better predict, prevent, and treat PTSD. However, further large-scale longitudinal studies are needed to establish the temporal relationship between epigenetic changes and the onset of PTSD, as well as to classify other potential epigenetic mechanisms.

Elizaveta Golubeva

Angelina Zeltser

Yana Zorkina

Aleksandra Ochneva

Anna Tsurina

Denis Andreyuk

Georgiy Kostyuk

Anna Morozova

Epigenetic Alterations in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Comprehensive Review of Molecular Markers

创伤后应激障碍的表观遗传改变：分子标志物的综合综述

Background: The loss of smell is a typical diagnostic symptom of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This sensorial deprivation may be expressed as quantitative (anosmia or hyposmia) or qualitative (dysosmnia) alterations as a consequence of anatomical disturbances of the nasal epithelium structure. The olfactory system sends direct neuronal connections to brain structures that are involved in emotional processing, including deep temporal nuclei. This anatomical and functional feature may be related to the occurrence of emotional disorders among COVID-19 patients. Summary: We identify a possible sequence of events, from typical olfactory dysfunction that is associated with COVID-19 and caused by olfactory epithelium damage to disturbances in the quality of life and emotional state of infected patients that is attributable to possible neuroinflammatory processes. Sensorial deprivation causes deleterious actions on mood, negatively affecting quality of life. Olfactory dysfunction that is associated with COVID-19 occurs concurrently with psychological distress, symptoms of anxiety, and depressive disorders and impinges on self-perceived quality of life. Key messages: Changes in mood are certainly associated with multiple factors, including the environment and isolation, but the observation that the virus may penetrate the central nervous system through the olfactory bulb and the connection between the olfactory system and prefrontal and orbitofrontal cortices and the amygdala-hippocampus do not allow one to discard neural factors that are involved in the pathophysiology of emotional symptoms in post-COVID-19 patients. Behavioral symptoms of COVID-19 involve local olfactory actions and the participation of central neuronal systems.

Ana G. Gutiérrez-García

Carlos M. Contreras

Olfactory Epithelium Infection by SARS-Cov-2: Possible Neuroinflammatory Consequences of COVID-19

SARS-Cov-2 对嗅上皮的感染：COVID-19 可能的神经炎症后果

Nurses, who care for patients with various traumas, may also experience post-traumatic stress disorder due to indirect or direct exposure to traumatic situations. This study examined the effectiveness of an Internet-based trauma recovery intervention for Korean nurses.

Sunah Kim

Jinyoung Park

Wongyeong Lee

Goun Kim

Internet-Based Trauma Recovery Intervention for Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial

基于互联网的护士创伤恢复干预：一项随机对照试验

Oral contraceptives (OCs) are an essential medicine used by millions of people every day. Given the widespread usage of these medicines, even a small increase in psychiatric risk could be of clinical significance. Although mood-related side effects are a common reason for OC hesitancy and discontinuation, studies investigating psychiatric responses to OC treatment have had inconsistent results.

Julia Ciarcia

Laura M Huckins

Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Psychiatric Side Effects: A Review

口服避孕药与精神副作用风险：综述

Introduction Major depression (MD) is more common amongst women than men, and MD episodes have been associated with fluctuations in reproductive hormones amongst women. To investigate biological underpinnings of heterogeneity in MD, the associations between depression, stratified by sex and including perinatal depression (PND), and blood biomarkers, using UK Biobank (UKB) data, were evaluated, and extended to include the association of depression with biomarker polygenic scores (PGS), generated as proxy for each biomarker. Method Using female (N=39,761) and male (N=38,821) UKB participants, lifetime major depression (MD) and PND, were tested for association with 28 blood biomarkers. A GWAS was conducted for each biomarker and genetic correlations with depression subgroups were estimated. Using independent data from the Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS were constructed for each biomarker, and tested for association with depression status (n [female cases/controls]=9,006/6,442; n [male cases/controls]=3,106/6,222). Regions of significant local genetic correlation between depression subgroups and biomarkers highlighted by the PGS analysis were identified. Results Depression in females was significantly associated with levels of twelve biomarkers, including total protein (OR=0.90, CI=[0.86,0.94], P=3.9x10-6) and vitamin D (OR=0.94, CI=[0.90, 0.97], P=2.6x10-4), and PND with five biomarker levels, also including total protein (OR=0.88, CI=[0.81, 0.96], P=4.7x10-3). Depression in males was significantly associated with levels of eleven biomarkers. In the independent Australian Genetics of Depression Study, PGS analysis found significant associations for female depression and PND with total protein (female depression: OR=0.93, CI=[0.88, 0.98], P=3.6x10-3; PND: OR=0.91, CI=[0.86, 0.96], P=1.1x10-3), as well as with vitamin D (female depression: OR=0.93, CI=[0.89, 0.97], P=2.0x10-3; PND: OR=0.92, CI=[0.87, 0.97], P=1.4x10-3). The male depression sample did not report any significant results, and the point estimate of total protein (OR=0.98, CI=[0.92-1.04], P=4.7x10-1) did not indicate any association. Local genetic correlation analysis highlighted significant genetic correlation between PND and total protein, located in 5q13.3 (rG=0.68, CI=[0.33, 1.0], P=3.6x10-4). Discussion and Conclusion Multiple lines of evidence from genetic analysis highlight an association between total serum protein levels and depression in females. Further research involving prospective measurement of total protein and depressive symptoms is warranted.

Jacqueline Kiewa

Samantha Meltzer-Brody

Jeannette Milgrom

Jerry Guintivano

Ian B Hickie

David C Whiteman

Catherine M Olsen

Sarah E Medland

Nicholas G Martin

Naomi R Wray

Enda M Byrne

Comprehensive sex-stratified genetic analysis of 28 blood biomarkers and depression reveals a significant association between depression and low levels of total protein in females

28种血液生物标志物的综合性别分层遗传分析与抑郁症的关系揭示了女性总蛋白水平低与抑郁症之间的显著关联

Publication Information	Publisher: S. Karger AG，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2020，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Complex Psychiatry

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Exon Array Biomarkers for the Differential Diagnosis of Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder

Association of ADHD and depression polygenic scores with lithium response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics study

Association of ADHD and depression polygenic scores with lithium response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics study

Association of ADHD and depression polygenic scores with lithium response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics study

Association of ADHD and depression polygenic scores with lithium response: A Consortium for Lithium Genetics study

Epigenetic Alterations in Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: Comprehensive Review of Molecular Markers

Olfactory Epithelium Infection by SARS-Cov-2: Possible Neuroinflammatory Consequences of COVID-19

Internet-Based Trauma Recovery Intervention for Nurses: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Oral Contraceptives and the Risk of Psychiatric Side Effects: A Review

Comprehensive sex-stratified genetic analysis of 28 blood biomarkers and depression reveals a significant association between depression and low levels of total protein in females

ISSN	2673-298X, 2673-3005
h-index	6