Frontiers in Oral Health

Dental mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are multipotent cells present in dental tissues, characterized by plastic adherence in culture and specific surface markers (CD105, CD73, CD90, STRO-1, CD106, and CD146), common to all other MSC subtypes. Dental pulp, periodontal ligament, apical papilla, human exfoliated deciduous teeth, alveolar bone, dental follicle, tooth germ, and gingiva are all different sources for isolation and expansion of MSCs. Dental MSCs have regenerative and immunomodulatory properties; they are scarcely immunogenic but actively modulate T cell reactivity. in vitro studies and animal models of autoimmune diseases have provided evidence for the suppressive effects of dental MSCs on peripheral blood mononuclear cell proliferation, clearance of apoptotic cells, and promotion of a shift in the Treg/Th17 cell ratio. Appropriately stimulated MSCs produce anti-inflammatory mediators, such as transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), prostaglandin E2, and interleukin (IL)-10. A particular mechanism through which MSCs exert their immunomodulatory action is via the production of extracellular vesicles containing such anti-inflammatory mediators. Recent studies demonstrated MSC-mediated inhibitory effects both on monocytes and activated macrophages, promoting their polarization to an anti-inflammatory M2-phenotype. A growing number of trials focusing on MSCs to treat autoimmune and inflammatory conditions are ongoing, but very few use dental tissue as a cellular source. Recent results suggest that dental MSCs are a promising therapeutic tool for immune-mediated disorders. However, the exact mechanisms responsible for dental MSC-mediated immunosuppression remain to be clarified, and impairment of dental MSCs immunosuppressive function in inflammatory conditions and aging must be assessed before considering autologous MSCs or their secreted vesicles for therapeutic purposes.

Alessia Paganelli

Oriana Trubiani

Francesca Diomede

Alessandra Pisciotta

Roberto Paganelli

Immunomodulating Profile of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Comprehensive Overview

牙源性间充质基质细胞的免疫调节特性：全面综述

EDITORIAL article Front. Oral. Health, 12 July 2022Sec. Oral Infections and Microbes https://doi.org/10.3389/froh.2022.971191

Christopher W. Cutler

Gill Diamond

Editorial: Cellular Mechanisms of Aging and Longevity in Oral Health and Disease

述评：口腔健康与疾病中的衰老和长寿细胞机制

Significance Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a chronic orofacial pain disorder that seriously affects quality of life of patients. In recent years, Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) has been regarded as an important innovation in pain management, but there is insufficient evidence of its effectiveness in patients with painful BMS. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of LLLT for immediate pain relief due to BMS. Methods This retrospective study included 94 BMS patients that were treated with an intraoral semiconductor laser (635 nm, 100 mW/cm 2 ). Pain was self-assessed before and immediately after LLLT sessions using a 0-to-10 visual analogue scale (VAS). Paired-samples t -test and multivariable binary logistic regression were used to analyze overall efficacy and its influencing factors. Results After standardized LLLT session, 71.3% of patients reported an immediate pain decrease. Compared to pre-LLLT treatment, the VAS immediately post-LLLT was significantly reduced ( P &amp;lt; 0.001). Mean post-LLLT VAS reduction was 2.2 ± 2.0, equivalent to 39.9% of the initial pain level. Meanwhile, low VAS before treatment, history of smoking or alcohol, xerostomia, and gingival lesions correlated with worse LLLT efficacy. There were no side effects or adverse reactions were noticed by the practitioner or reported by the patients. Conclusions LLLT may provide non-pharmacological, non-invasive, side-effect-free, and rapid pain relief for painful BMS patients. No baseline characteristics affecting overall efficiency were found except for VAS before treatment, history of smoking or alcohol, xerostomia, and gingival lesions.

Wenxin Mu

Shanshan Li

Qian Lu

Juan Wang

Xiaoan Tao

The immediate pain relief of low-level laser therapy for burning mouth syndrome: a retrospective study of 94 cases

低强度激光治疗灼口综合征的即刻疼痛缓解：94例回顾性研究

Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the integrity of non-sterile, powder-free latex gloves used by dental students in various dental specialties. Materials and methods This cross-sectional study involved dental students from Ajman University who provided gloves during various dental specialty procedures. A total of 177 pairs of latex examination powder-free gloves were included and categorized as follows: 43 pairs (24.3%) were used in operative dentistry, 30 pairs (16.9%) in oral surgery, 28 pairs (15.8%) in endodontics, 24 pairs (13.6%) in periodontics, 21 pairs (11.9%) in pedodontics, 13 pairs (7.3%) in prosthodontics, and 18 pairs (10.2%) as control gloves. After use, glove integrity was assessed with a modified water leak test. Results Perforations were identified in 72 cases (40.7%) of gloves, distributed as follows: 22 cases (51.2%) in operative dentistry, 12 cases (40.0%) in oral surgery, 11 cases (39.3%) in endodontics, 11 cases (45.8%) in periodontics, 10 cases (47.6%) in pedodontics, 5 cases (38.5%) in prosthodontics, and 1 case (5.5%) in the control group. There were no statistically significant differences in the loss of glove integrity among different dental specialty procedures (χ 2 = 11.899, p = 0.064) or among different glove usage durations (χ 2 = 1.732, p = 0.785). However, the location of perforations in the experimental groups was statistically significant (χ 2 = 34.427, p &amp;lt; 0.001). The most common locations were the right thumb ( n = 18; 13.7%) and the right index finger ( n = 17; 13%), with no perforations in the left ring finger and only one perforation in the left little finger ( n = 1, 0.08%). There was a statistically significant correlation between the anticipated and actual presence of defects (χ 2 = 32.875, p &amp;lt; 0.001). Conclusions The study found a high rate of glove perforations during dental procedures by undergraduate students, especially in the right thumb and index finger. To reduce cross-infection risks, strict protocols like double gloving, frequent glove changes, and covering wounds with plaster are recommended.

Mohammed Amjed Alsaegh

Mohammed Farooq AlSiraj

Ahmed Naji Alsadoon

Omar Soufi

Okba Mahmoud

Sudhir Rama Varma

Assessment of glove integrity across various dental specialties in a dental school setting

牙科学校环境中各牙科专业手套完整性的评估

Objective Due to their consistent and individualistic patterns, palatal rugae (PR) are used in forensic dentistry as an ancillary method for personal identification. This study aimed to compare the impression of the PR obtained with the classic alginate impression and casting of the plaster model with the impression of the palate made with an intraoral scanner. Both impressions were compared with each other and with the photograph of the palatal rugae. Materials and methods In this study, 19 patients (6 men, 13 women; mean age 28.6 years) were selected. Two different impressions were taken from the maxillae of the participants: a conventional impression using alginate impression material, and an optical impression using an intraoral scanner. The impressions obtained were compared with each other and with the photograph of the palatine rugae of each enrolled patient, using FaceComp™ software. The parameters assessed included absolute and relative distances, perimeters, areas, shape factors, and moments. The statistical analysis was conducted using Python 3.9. Results The data from digital and plaster models were comparable across all six parameters used by the software. The coefficients of correlation and determination were strong to very strong for all six parameters assessed, with no statistically significant differences detected between the two methods of palatal rugae impression. Conclusion Both digital and traditional methods were equally reliable in capturing palatal rugae patterns. The use of FaceComp™ software facilitated accurate comparison and personal identification through the alignment of the preidentified landmarks. Further studies are required to enhance the speed and precision of image acquisition and comparison for broader application in personal identification.

Laura Roselli

Federica Mele

Carmela Suriano

Valeria Santoro

Roberto Catanesi

Massimo Petruzzi

Palatal rugae assessment using plaster model and dental scan: a cross-sectional comparative analysis

使用石膏模型和牙科扫描进行腭皱评估：一项横断面比较分析

Artificial intelligence (AI) is a subfield of computer science with the goal of creating intelligent machines (1) Machine learning is a branch of artificial intelligence. In machine learning a datasets are used for training diagnostic algorithms. This review comprehensively explains the applications of AI in the diagnosis in paediatric dentistry. The online database searches were performed between 25th May 2024 to 1st July 2024. Original research studies that focus on the automated diagnosis or predicted the outcome in Paediatric dentistry using AI were included in this review. AI is being used in varied domains of paediatric dentistry like diagnosis of supernumerary and submerged teeth, early diagnosis of dental caries, diagnosis of dental plaques, assessment of bone age, forensic dentistry and preventive oral dental healthcare kit. The field of AI, deep machine learning and CNN's is an upcoming and newer area, with new developments this will open up areas for more sophisticated algorithms in multiple layers to predict accurately, when compared to experienced Paediatric dentists.

Suba B. Rajinikanth

Densingh Samuel Raj Rajkumar

Akshay Rajinikanth

Ponsekar Abraham Anandhapandian

Bhuvaneswarri J.

An overview of artificial intelligence based automated diagnosis in paediatric dentistry

人工智能在儿童牙科自动诊断中的应用概述

Background Intraoral radiography remains the most widely employed dental radiographic technique for producing geometrically accurate images with minimal distortion and magnification. Despite its common use in the dental office, incorrect projection geometry can be challenging leading to image distortions. To mitigate these inaccuracies specific radiographic landmarks on the face are utilized during periapical radiography. Nallan's lines, proposed in this study may address the perpetual issue. Material and methods In this cross over study, the participants were divided into 2 groups, Group A and Group B comprising nine in the each group. The bisecting angle technique was performed by the participants using a gyroscopic device fitted with a LASER with (Study subjects) and without (Controls) utilizing Nallan's lines on a selected group of teeth using a phantom model. Subsequent images were compared with those images obtained by an oral radiologist using the same model for geometric distortions of the images. This comparative analysis aimed to identify potential geometric distortions within the generated images Results A paired t -test was employed to compare the mean length and breadth of teeth before and after radiographic training. Additionally, a McNemar Test was used to assess the impact of Nallan's lines on technical errors. Both analyses revealed statistically significant improvements post-training ( p &amp;lt; 0.01). To determine if radiographic training affected the performance of volunteers and specialists, a Chi-Square Test was conducted to compare error rates. No statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups, both before and after training. Conclusion The adoption of Nallan's lines may enhance the accuracy and quality of intraoral radiographic images. By adhering to this geometric framework dental practitioners can minimize geometric distortions and thereby repeated radiographic exposures of patients.

Abbreviation	Front. Oral. Health
Journal Impact	2.88
Quartiles(Global)	DENTISTRY, ORAL SURGERY & MEDICINE(Q1)

ISSN	2673-4842
h-index	16

Publication Information	Publisher: Frontiers Media SA，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2020，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 99.68%
Journal Fees	$2125Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：13 Weeks

Frontiers in Oral Health

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Immunomodulating Profile of Dental Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: A Comprehensive Overview

Editorial: Cellular Mechanisms of Aging and Longevity in Oral Health and Disease

The immediate pain relief of low-level laser therapy for burning mouth syndrome: a retrospective study of 94 cases

Assessment of glove integrity across various dental specialties in a dental school setting

Palatal rugae assessment using plaster model and dental scan: a cross-sectional comparative analysis

An overview of artificial intelligence based automated diagnosis in paediatric dentistry

Palatal rugae assessment using plaster model and dental scan: a cross-sectional comparative analysis

Enhancing intraoral radiographic technique: introducing “Nallan's Lines”

The immediate pain relief of low-level laser therapy for burning mouth syndrome: a retrospective study of 94 cases

Assessment of glove integrity across various dental specialties in a dental school setting