Biomass (Switzerland)

This study investigates a continuous deoxygenation of bio-oil vapor in a catalytic fixed-bed reactor coupled to a continuous drop tube reactor (DTR) for biomass pyrolysis. Beech wood pyrolysis was initially examined without catalysts at various temperatures (500–600 °C). The products were characterised using GC-MS, Karl Fischer titration, GC-FID/TCD, and thermogravimetric analysis. The highest bio-oil yield (58.8 wt.%) was achieved at 500 °C with a 500 mL/min N2 flow rate. Subsequently, ex situ catalytic pyrolysis was performed using an HZSM-5 catalyst in a fixed-bed reactor at a DTR outlet, operating at 425 °C, 450 °C, and 500 °C. The HZSM-5 catalyst exhibited declining deoxygenation efficiency over time, which was evidenced by decreasing conversion rates of chemical families. Principal component analysis was employed to interpret the complex dataset, facilitating a visualisation of the relationships between the experimental conditions and product compositions. This study highlights the challenges of continuous operation as experimental durations were limited to 120 min due to clogging issues. This research contributes to understanding continuous biomass pyrolysis coupled with catalytic deoxygenation, providing insights into the reactor configuration, process parameters, and catalyst performance crucial for developing efficient and sustainable biofuel production processes.

Chetna Mohabeer

Zineb Boutamine

Lokmane Abdelouahed

Antoinette Maarawi

Bechara Taouk

Biomass

Time-Dependent Analysis of Catalytic Biomass Pyrolysis in a Continuous Drop Tube Reactor: Evaluating HZSM-5 Stability and Product Evolution

连续滴管反应器中催化生物质热解的时变分析：评估HZSM-5稳定性与产物演变

This study analyzes the elemental and oxide compositions of three selected agricultural residues—Dried Pawpaw Leaves (DPL), Kola Nut Pod (KNP), and Sweet Orange Peel (SOP)—for their potential as heterogeneous catalysts. Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis identified calcium (25%) and potassium (29%) as the primary elements in DPL and KNP, with calcium oxide (CaO) and potassium oxide (K2O) as the dominant oxides. SOP had a similar composition but lacked vanadium. Calcined residues were analyzed at temperatures ranging from 500 °C to 900 °C using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), revealing stable silicon dioxide (SiO2) content and temperature-dependent variations in CaO and K2O, indicating their catalytic potential for transesterification processes. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed non-uniform, spongy microstructures, enhancing the surface area and catalytic efficiency. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identified functional groups essential for catalytic activity, such as hydroxyls, methyl, and carboxyl. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) confirmed the presence of crystalline phases like calcium carbonate and calcium oxide, crucial for catalytic performance. Experimental biodiesel production using a mixture of the calcined residues (33.33% each of KNPA, SOPA, and DPLA) resulted in the highest biodiesel yield at 65.3%. Model summary statistics, including R2 (0.9824) values and standard deviations (0.0026), validated the experimental design, indicating high precision and prediction accuracy. These results suggest that the selected agricultural residues, when calcined and mixed properly, can serve as effective heterogeneous catalysts, with significant implications for biodiesel production, supporting previous research on the importance of calcium in catalytic processes.

Oyelayo Ajamu Oyedele

Simeon Olatayo Jekayinfa

Abass O. Alade

Christopher Chintua Enweremadu

Catalytic Evaluation of an Optimized Heterogeneous Composite Catalyst Derived from Fusion of Tri-Biogenic Residues

优化异质复合催化剂的催化评价：源自三生物残留融合的催化剂

Background: In the Sahel, one of the largest semi-arid areas in the world, pastoral livestock is the main source of protein for the local population. The quantification of herbaceous biomass in the Sahelian rangelands is of major importance since it provides food for the livestock. The main method used to monitor the biomass consists of cutting, drying, and weighting it. However, indirect methods are available and allow a reliable biomass estimation. Methods: In this study, we developed a non-destructive method for estimating herbaceous biomass for the Sahelian rangelands based on measurements of its height and coverage. Results: Results show that the fit is better in the fenced area. The volume index (height × coverage) provides a better biomass prediction with relative differences between measured and predicted biomass of 11% in 2017 and 8% in 2019. Conclusions: Monitoring herbaceous biomass without destroying it is possible by measuring only its height and coverage.

Ousmane Diatta

Adjoua Ange-Jokébed N’goran

Cofélas Fassinou

Paulo Salgado

Ousmane Ndiaye

Sékouna Diatta

Daouda Ngom

Torbern Tagesson

Simon Taugourdeau

Estimating Herbaceous Aboveground Biomass Using an Indirect Method Based on the Herbaceous Layer Characteristics

基于草本层特征的间接方法估算草本地上生物量

Poor access to electricity in rural communities has been linked to a poor educational system, as electricity is essential for supporting laboratories, technical practice, and long study hours for students. Therefore, this work presents the techno-economic analysis of a hybrid solar PV–agro-wastes (syngas) energy system for electricity, heat, and cooling generation to improve energy access in rural schools. The system is located in Ghana at Tuna (lat. 9°29′18.28″ N and long. 2°25′51.02″ W) and serves a secondary school for enhanced quality education. The system relies on agro-waste (gasifier-generator) and sunlight (solar PV), with a battery energy storage system, to meet the school’s energy demand. The study employs HOMER Pro Version 3.16.2 software to comprehensively analyze technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The system can generate 221,621 kWh of electricity (at a unit cost of electricity of 0.295 EUR/kWh) and 110,896 kWh of thermal energy yearly. The cost of electricity from the proposed system is cheaper than the cost of electricity from an equivalent diesel generator at 0.380 EUR/kWh. The thermal energy can meet the heating demand of the school in addition to powering a vapor absorption chiller. The system is environmentally friendly, with the capacity to sink 0.526 kg of CO2 yearly. Government policies that moderate interest rates for bioenergy/solar PV systems and social solution on feedstock pricing will favor the economic sustainability of the proposed system. The system will address the energy access challenge (SDG 7), enhance the quality of education (SDG 4), and contribute to climate mitigation through carbon sequestration (SDG 13).

Ogheneruona Endurance Diemuodeke

David Vera

Mohammed Moore Ojapah

Chinedum Oscar Nwachukwu

Harold U. Nwosu

Daniel O. Aikhuele

Joseph C. Ofodu

Banasco Seidu Nuhu

Hybrid Solar PV–Agro-Waste-Driven Combined Heat and Power Energy System as Feasible Energy Source for Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa

混合太阳能光伏-农业废弃物驱动的热电联产能源系统：撒哈拉以南非洲学校可行的能源来源

Renewable energy sources are becoming increasingly crucial in the global energy industry and are acknowledged as a significant substitute for fossil fuels. Oil palm fronds are a type of biomass fuel that can be utilized as a substitute for fossil fuels in the combustion process of boilers. Co-firing (HT-FRD) is a beneficial technology for reducing exhaust gas emissions generated by coal-burning power stations. By utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD), this study has modeled and evaluated co-firing palm frond residue (HT-FRD) with hydrothermal treatment into a 315 MWe boiler. In the simulation, six different HT-FRD co-firing ratios, 0%, 5%, 15%, 25%, 35%, and 50%, were used to demonstrate the differences in combustion characteristics and emissions in the combustion chamber. The data indicate that HT-FRD co-firing can enhance temperature distribution, velocity, and unburned particles. All in all, co-firing conditions with 5–15% HT-FRD ratios appear to have the most favorable combustion temperature, velocity, and exhaust gas characteristics.

Sobar Ihsan

None Prabowo

Wawan Aries Widodo

I Nyoman Agus Adi Saputra

None Hariana

Utilization of Palm Frond Waste as Fuel for Co-Firing Coal and Biomass in a Tangentially Pulverized Coal Boiler Using Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis

利用棕榈叶废料作为燃料在切向粉煤锅炉中与煤和生物质共燃的计算流体动力学分析

Plastic pollution is a pressing environmental challenge, necessitating the development of biodegradable alternatives like polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). This study focuses on optimizing PHB production by Neobacillus niacini GS1, a bacterium isolated from a municipal dumping site. By utilizing agricultural residues such as corn flour, wheat bran, and peptone as substrates, we aimed to establish an eco-friendly method for biopolymer production, contributing to sustainable agricultural residue management and bioplastic innovation. The bacterium was identified using morphological, biochemical, and molecular techniques. The optimization process involved adjusting variables such as inoculum age, inoculum size, incubation time, agitation rate, incubation temperature, pH of the medium, carbon sources, and nitrogen sources. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to identify optimal conditions, with the highest PHB yield of 61.1% achieved under specific conditions: 37 °C, pH 7, and an agitation rate of 150 rpm. These findings underscore the potential of Neobacillus niacini GS1 in converting agro-industrial residues into valuable biopolymers, promoting sustainable bioplastic production, and advancing agricultural residue valorization efforts through the use of eco-friendly materials.

Gaurav Shrimali

Ajit Gangawane

Esha Rami

Hardik Shah

Kashyap Thummar

Dipak Kumar Sahoo

Ashish Patel

Jens Ejbye Schmidt

Optimized Polyhydroxybutyrate Production by Neobacillus niacini GS1 Utilizing Corn Flour, Wheat Bran, and Peptone: A Sustainable Approach

利用玉米粉、麸皮和蛋白胨优化新芽孢杆菌GS1生产聚羟基丁酸酯：一种可持续的方法

Publication Information	Publisher: Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute (MDPI)，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2021，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:
Journal Fees	$Details
Average review cycle	6 weeks

Biomass (Switzerland)

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Time-Dependent Analysis of Catalytic Biomass Pyrolysis in a Continuous Drop Tube Reactor: Evaluating HZSM-5 Stability and Product Evolution

Catalytic Evaluation of an Optimized Heterogeneous Composite Catalyst Derived from Fusion of Tri-Biogenic Residues

Estimating Herbaceous Aboveground Biomass Using an Indirect Method Based on the Herbaceous Layer Characteristics

Hybrid Solar PV–Agro-Waste-Driven Combined Heat and Power Energy System as Feasible Energy Source for Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa

Utilization of Palm Frond Waste as Fuel for Co-Firing Coal and Biomass in a Tangentially Pulverized Coal Boiler Using Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis

Time-Dependent Analysis of Catalytic Biomass Pyrolysis in a Continuous Drop Tube Reactor: Evaluating HZSM-5 Stability and Product Evolution

Catalytic Evaluation of an Optimized Heterogeneous Composite Catalyst Derived from Fusion of Tri-Biogenic Residues

Hybrid Solar PV–Agro-Waste-Driven Combined Heat and Power Energy System as Feasible Energy Source for Schools in Sub-Saharan Africa

Estimating Herbaceous Aboveground Biomass Using an Indirect Method Based on the Herbaceous Layer Characteristics

Optimized Polyhydroxybutyrate Production by Neobacillus niacini GS1 Utilizing Corn Flour, Wheat Bran, and Peptone: A Sustainable Approach