ACS Agricultural Science and Technology

Rapid and accurate detection of milk somatic cell count (SCC) is of great significance for monitoring dairy cow udder health and ensuring milk quality. The conventional direct microscopic somatic cell counting method is low cost, but the accuracy of measured results is usually poor. While the flow cytometry method is widely used, which can accurately generate milk somatic cell count, the equipment cost is usually high. To address these issues, a customized multichamber chip was designed for milk somatic cell counting, combining cell fluorescent staining reagents and specially designed cell counters. The validation testing results with 30 samples with different somatic cell counts showed that the proposed method was highly consistent with two commercial milk somatic cell counters. In addition, the microchamber chip for SCC showed good reproducibility with the coefficients of variation <10%. Therefore, the easy-to-use multichamber chip-based SCC method provides a useful tool for tracking daily milk quality and controlling the incidence of mastitis.

Xiaoyun Sun

Ruiming Zhao

Nan Wang

Juan Zhang

Ruibin Xie

Bin Xiao

Shuang Wen

Jie Gao

Ailiang Chen

ACS Agricultural Science & Technology

Rapid Milk Somatic Cell Counting Based on a Customized Multichamber Chip

Roots of Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) are a promising alternative source of natural rubber latex (NRL). This study demonstrated the novel possibility of extracting, stabilizing, and concentrating NRL from roots of TKS with a high solid content. In addition, some colloidal characteristics of the isolated products, which are of interest for latex processing, were determined. A scaled-up extraction sequence based on previous studies of flow extraction was applied with a setup comprised of an industrial slicer, stirring stations, and a hydraulic press. Significant amounts of natural rubber (NR) were separated along with removed biomass. Stabilization of NRL was successfully maintained during latex isolation using ammonia-free stabilizing solutions consisting of an ethanolamine/ethanolamine hydrochloride (ETA/ETA-HCl) buffer, sodium oleate, sodium sulfite, and benzalkonium chloride. Purified and preconcentrated raw latex was obtained through repeated creaming and redilution. While a direct further concentration of raw latex proved difficult, the isolation of latex with a high solid content was achieved through redilution before the final centrifugation. Gravimetry indicated a solid content of >54%. The products were characterized by a high viscosity, and dilution was possible without coagulation. ζ-potential (ZP) was determined to be −60 mV and approved the successful stabilization of high solid latex. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) confirmed the possibility of maintaining a bimodal particle size distribution (PSD) with hydrodynamic diameters of 104–231 nm for the first mode and 522–830 nm for the second mode.

Johannes Ramsauer

Philipp Polzer

Werner Kunz

Isolation and Investigation of Natural Rubber Latex from Taraxacum kok-saghyz with a High Solid Content

高固体含量Taraxacum kok-saghyz天然橡胶胶乳的分离与研究

The only commercially relevant source for natural rubber (NR) is the Para rubber tree, Hevea brasiliensis. The need to find new sources of NR is increasing rapidly due to challenges from climate change and environmental impacts. NR from Taraxacum kok-saghyz (TKS) is a promising alternative. To compete with the pricing of NR from the rubber tree, an economically viable extraction system with a high output of NR is needed. The mechanisms involved in the separation of rubber from other plant constituents and potential rubber agglomeration during mechanical extraction processes are described through experimental results but not as extraction models. To analyze these mechanisms, two different wet-mill extraction system setups are investigated in this study: single-stage extraction and two-stage extraction with premilling. Two extraction models for mechanical rubber extraction mechanisms are identified and described: (i) the Model of Rolling Shear Mechanism with mild extraction behavior and rubber agglomeration, and (ii) the Model of Abrasion Shear Mechanism, which limits the rubber yield and promotes fast rubber agglomeration. The insights into the mechanisms are described and discussed through sieve analysis, rubber yield, dirt content, microscopic analyses, and viscoelastic analyses of the extracted rubber.

Clemens Fichtner

Hazem Fathelbab

Philipp Weißgraeber

Insight into Mechanical Extraction Mechanisms of Natural Rubber Extraction from Taraxacum kok-saghyz

天然橡胶从Taraxacum kok-saghyz中机械提取机制的深入研究

This study was conducted to optimize a targeted plant proteomics approach from signature peptide selection and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analytical method development and optimization to sample preparation method optimization. Three typical protein extraction and precipitation methods, including trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone method, phenol method, and TCA/acetone/phenol method, and two digestion methods, including trypsin digestion and LysC/trypsin digestion, were evaluated for selected proteins related to the impact of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) on wheat (Triticum aestivum) plant growth. In addition, we compared two plant tissue homogenization methods: grinding freeze-dried tissue and fresh tissue into a fine powder using a mortar and pestle aided with liquid nitrogen. Wheat plants were grown under a 16 h photoperiod (light intensity 150 μmol·m-2·s-1) for 4 weeks at 22 °C with a relative humidity of 60% and were watered daily to maintain a 70-90% water content in the soil. Processed samples were analyzed with an optimized LC-MS/MS method. The concentration of selected signature peptides for the wheat proteins of interest indicated that the phenol extraction method using fresh plant tissue, coupled with trypsin digestion, was the best sample preparation method for the targeted proteomics study. Overall, the optimized approach yielded the highest total peptide concentration (68,831 ng/g, 2.4 times the lowest concentration) as well as higher signature peptide concentrations for most peptides (19 out of 28). In addition, three of the signature peptides could only be detected using the optimized approach. This study provides a workflow for optimizing targeted proteomics studies.

Weiwei Li

Arturo A. Keller

Optimization of Targeted Plant Proteomics Using Liquid Chromatography with Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)

基于液相色谱-串联质谱（LC-MS/MS）的靶向植物蛋白质组学优化

Bruna Moreira Freire

Camila Neves Lange

Caroline Cristine Augusto

Fernanda Ribeiro Onwuatu

Gustavo Dell’Arno Principe Rodrigues

Joana Claudio Pieretti

Amedea Barozzi Seabra

Bruno Lemos Batista

Foliar Application of SeNPs for Rice Biofortification: a Comparative Study with Selenite and Speciation Assessment

水稻生物强化中的SeNPs叶面施用：与亚硒酸盐的比较研究及形态分析

Dhivya Viswanathan

Abisha Christy Christudoss

R. Seenivasan

Amitava Mukherjee

Decoding Plant Hormesis: Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles and the Role of Soil EPS in the Growth Dynamics of Allium sativum L.

解码植物逆境反应：氧化铈纳米颗粒与土壤EPS在大蒜生长动力学中的作用

Plant infiltration techniques, particularly agroinfiltration, have transformed plant science and biotechnology by enabling transient gene expression for genetic engineering of plants or genomic studies. Recently, the use of infiltration has expanded to introduce nanomaterials and polymers in plants to enable nonnative functionalities. Despite its wide use, the impact of the infiltration process per se on plant physiology needs to be better understood. This study investigates the effect of syringe infiltration, a commonly employed technique in plants, using a typical infiltration buffer solution. Noninvasive and real-time monitoring methods, including high-resolution thermal imaging and a porometer/fluorometer, were used to study the physiological responses and stress levels of the infiltrated plants. Our results revealed localized cell damage at the infiltration site due to syringe compression, but the overall cell viability and tissue integrity were largely unaffected. Thermography showed a temporary temperature increase of the leaves and stomatal conductance alterations postinfiltration, with leaf recovery in 3–6 days. Additionally, fluorescence measurements indicated a 6% decrease in maximum quantum efficiency (Fv/Fm) and a 34% decrease in photosystem II (ΦPSII) quantum yield, persisting for 5 days after infiltration, suggesting sustained photosystem efficiency changes. Our work highlights the need to consider the effect of infiltration when performing biological studies and aims to facilitate the optimization of protocols commonly used in plant science and biotechnology.

Cyril Routier

Carmen Hermida-Carrera

Eleni Stavrinidou

Investigating the Effect of Syringe Infiltration on Nicotiana tabacum (Tobacco)

研究注射渗透对烟草的影响

Plant protoplasts are very useful in plant biotechnology, molecular biology, and cell biology. However, an efficient method for protoplast production remains a challenge for many economically important dicotyledonous vegetables, including lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Herein, a protocol was optimized for efficient protoplast production from various tissues (leaf and shoot apex) of different lettuce subtypes (romaine, loose-leaf, and semiheading lettuces) by optimizing the major factors affecting protoplast yielding. The optimized protocol yields protoplasts up to 2.0 × 107/g (fresh weight, FW) with viability more than 85%, which is 3–10 times higher than those previously reported. This optimized protocol was also found to be applicable to other dicotyledonous plants (bok choy (Brassica parachinensis), celery cabbage (Brassica pekinensis), and Arabidopsis thaliana) for efficient protoplast production from leaves and shoot apexes. Moreover, an optimized poly(ethylene glycol)-mediated transient expression system (TES), using lettuce shoot apex protoplasts generated via the aforementioned protocol, exhibited high transfection efficiency exceeding 80%. This was further evidenced by the elevated expression levels and subcellular localization of four representative plasma membrane transporters: AAP2, ABCG22, ALMT10, and OATP. In conclusion, the optimized protoplast production protocol along with TES developed in this study will be useful tools for the functional analyses of genes in lettuce and other important dicotyledonous vegetables.

Lei Xiang

Rui-Xin Li

Qing-Jun Zheng

Zan-Tang Huang

Peng-Fei Yu

Zhuo-Xing Shi

Yan-Wen Li

Hai-Ming Zhao

Quan-Ying Cai

Xue-Wen Hou

Ce-Hui Mo

Qing X. Li

Optimization of Protoplast Isolation and Transient Expression Systems for Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

生菜(Lactuca sativa L.)原生质体制备与瞬时表达系统的优化

Quantifying dermal and inhalation exposure to nanopesticides is essential for risk assessment and management. This study investigated the potential dermal and inhalation exposures characteristics of applying nanopesticides in wheat fields and assessed the associated occupational health risks for workers exposed to nanopesticides. The mean recoveries of the established analytical methods ranged from 70% to 104%, the relative standard deviations ranged from 1.6 to 11.2%, and the limits of quantification were 1 μg/kg. The total dermal (and inhalation) exposures were as follows: 6153.192 ± 2006.998 μg (0.001 ± 0.001 μg), 3337.832 ± 464.828 μg (<0.001 μg), 5117.742 ± 1174.357 μg (0.003 ± 0.002 μg), and 4351.127 ± 527.835 μg (0.001 μg) when spraying different tebuconazole formulations including suspension concentrate, nanoemulsion, nanocapsules, and microcapsules, respectively. The exposure of spraying nanopesticides was generally not significantly different from that of conventional pesticide formulations. The thighs exhibited the highest exposure among workers during operation, so protective measures for the operator's legs should be strengthened. The operator is recommended to wear long clothes and pants and prefer back-to-wind moving backward for spraying operations to minimize exposure. All risk quotients were less than 1, indicating that the occupational health risks associated with spraying tebuconazole nanopesticides and conventional formulations under poor, moderate, and better protection precautions remain acceptable. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for the safe use and risk management of nanopesticides.

Kuan Wang

Wenbo Zhang

Haixiang Gao

Xinglu Pan

Xiaohu Wu

Jun Xu

Yongquan Zheng

Manli Yu

Fengshou Dong

New Insights into Occupational Exposure and Risk Assessment of Nanopesticides and Conventional Pesticides for Agricultural Workers

农业工人纳米农药与常规农药职业暴露及风险评估的新见解

Slugs pose a significant threat to agriculture, causing substantial crop damage and economic losses. Traditional molluscicides harm nontarget organisms and endanger ecosystems. Environmentally friendly molluscicides that ensure safety for humans and animals and promote sustainable agriculture are urgently needed. This study is the first to explore the fumigant toxicity, contact toxicity, and repellent effects of four monoterpenoids (geraniol, citral, geranyl nitrile, and citronellal) against Philomycus bilineatus. Compared to metaldehyde, monoterpenoids exhibited stronger contact toxicity, leading to rapid slug elimination (within 4 h), while metaldehyde caused death in slugs over a longer period of 48 h. Among the monoterpenoids, citral has weaker contact toxicity compared with the other three compounds, and geranyl nitrile (GN) and citronellal have stronger fumigant toxicity than the other two compounds. In terms of repellence and antifeeding effects, citral has the weakest toxicity. GN and citronellal stand out with excellent molluscidal activity (LC50 values of 0.10 and 0.14 g/L, respectively). The computational results based on the density functional theory (DFT) indicate that appropriate energy gaps, electrophilicity indices, and molecular softness correlate with the high molluscidal activity of monoterpenoids. From the computational results of this study, GN and citronellal, which have a moderate energy gap (approximately 0.200 eV), show the best effectiveness in controlling the slugs. In addition, unlike metaldehydes, which have a long half-life and limited biodegradability, these monoterpenoids have low toxicity and are easily degradable in the environment, making them more environmentally friendly. These findings underscore the potential of monoterpenoid compounds as eco-friendly alternatives for managing slugs in agriculture and gardens, thereby reducing reliance on traditional chemical pesticides.

Abbreviation	ACS Agric. Sci. Technol.
Journal Impact	2.16
Quartiles(Global)	CHEMISTRY, APPLIED(Q2)

ISSN	2692-1952
h-index	11

Publication Information	Publisher: American Chemical Society，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2021，Proportion of original research papers: 85.71%，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate: 2.28%

ACS Agricultural Science and Technology

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience