American Journal of Biological Anthropology

To investigate whether the Cayo Santiago, Puerto Rico (Latitude: 18.1564°N; temperature range 19°C to 32°C) rhesus macaque population has acclimated to their tropical island conditions since arriving from Lucknow, India (Latitude: 26.8470°N; temperature range 8°C to 41°C) in 1938.
Using the derived skeletal collection, measurements were taken of long bone lengths, diaphyseal circumference, and body weight using 635 (237 males and 398 females) skeletally mature individuals. Measurements sampled colony members born over a 51‐year time span at Cayo Santiago, from 1951 to 2002.
Results demonstrated that body weights and diaphyseal circumferences significantly declined in both males and females. Long bone lengths relative to body weight and diaphyseal circumference also increased in females. Whereas body weight, long bone length and diaphyseal circumference declined at near parallel rates in males.
The population has acclimated to homogenous, tropical, conditions of the Caribbean island since their arrival over 80 years ago. Trends in both sexes aligned with Bergmann's rule, though females displayed a greater decline in body weight, as well as greater affinity with Allen's rule, than did males. Buffering effects related to male competition may be responsible for this discrepancy. Overall, the Cayo Santiago populations, as shown over a significant period (1951–2002) of their history, have acclimated to their island conditions by decreasing in size and altering body proportions.

George Francis

Qian Wang

Coming to the Caribbean—acclimation of Rhesus macaques (<i>Macaca mulatta</i>) at Cayo Santiago

来到加勒比海——猕猴（<i>Macaca mulatta</i>）在凯约圣地适应环境

Trabecular bone anisotropy, describing preferential trabecular co‐alignment, is a proxy for its long‐term loading history. Trabecular anisotropy varies locally, thus rendering averaged calculations across an entire bone inutile. Here we present a 3D trabecular anisotropy mapping method using vector fields where each vector reflects the extent of local co‐alignment of the elementary units of surface. 3D anisotropy maps of hundreds of thousands of vectors were visualized by their magnitude and direction. Similarly, volume fraction was mapped as 3D scalar fields. We constructed anisotropy and volume fraction maps using micro‐computed tomography of four presumably nonpathologic human calcanei and compared their anisotropy signature with pathologically loaded calcanei in club foot and calcaneonavicular ankylosis. In the nonpathologic calcaneus, a pattern of four anisotropy trajectories (bands) was consistently identified as dorsal, plantar, Achilles', and peroneal bands. Both pathologic specimens deviated from the nonpathologic maps. The calcaneus in the congenitally disused club foot showed very low local anisotropy values, no co‐oriented bands, and low volume fraction. The ankylosed calcaneus showed lower anisotropy than the nonpathologic calcaneus, but not to the same extent as the club foot, and showed patchy high volume fraction. The directionality of co‐oriented bands was barely discernable in the ankylosed calcaneus as compared to nonpathologic calcaneus. The anisotropy signature of the nonpathologic calcaneus is consistent with a kinetic loading pattern attributable to walking. The loss of this kinetic loading results in an absent/vanishing anisotropy signature. Such 3D mapping adds new dimensions to quantitative bioimaging of bone and the understanding of skeletal adaptation.

Natalie Reznikov

Huilin Liang

Marc D. McKee

Nicolas Piché

Technical note: Mapping of trabecular bone anisotropy and volume fraction in <scp>3D</scp> using <scp>μCT</scp> images of the human calcaneus

技术说明：利用人类跟骨的μCT图像在三维空间中绘制骨小梁各向异性和体积分数图

Sleeping ecology plays a key integrative role in the primates' lives. Selecting an adequate sleeping site is therefore critical, but both extrinsic (e.g., predation, thermoregulation) and intrinsic factors (e.g., body size, circadian activity) need to be considered simultaneously. There is, however, a notable lack of comprehensive comparative analyses of sleeping ecology within primates. We explored the links among body size, circadian activity, and sleeping site choice in phylogenetically controlled comparative analyses across all major primate lineages.
We compiled published information on body size, circadian activity, and sleeping site choice of extant primates. We performed ancestral state reconstructions for the different sleeping sites and used comparative phylogenetic analyses to quantify associations between sleeping site preference, body size and circadian pattern.
Comparative analyses across 390 species revealed that primate sleeping site usage was best predicted by circadian activity patterns. Nocturnal species were more likely to use tree holes and nests, whereas diurnal primates were more likely to sleep on trees. Ancestral reconstructions indicated a relative ambiguity among states for several nodes, especially within strepsirrhines, whereas “on trees” was the most likely sleeping site type within haplorrhines.
The main intrinsic predictor of sleeping site choice in primates has links to two extrinsic factors: predation risk and thermoregulation. Thermoregulatory and anti‐predator benefits accrue for nocturnal species that rest in nests or tree holes. Body size only poses a constraint for shelter use in larger species. Comparative studies of resting ecology are integral for reconstructing primate evolution and for revealing complex adaptations in arboreal mammals.

Luca Pozzi

Malte Voskamp

Peter M. Kappeler

The effects of body size, activity, and phylogeny on primate sleeping ecology

身体大小、活动和系统发育对灵长类睡眠生态的影响

The ongoing risk of emerging infectious disease has renewed calls for understanding the origins of zoonoses and identifying future zoonotic disease threats. Given their close phylogenetic relatedness and geographic overlap with humans, non‐human primates (NHPs) have been the source of many infectious diseases throughout human evolution. NHPs harbor diverse parasites, with some infecting only a single host species while others infect species from multiple families.
We applied a novel link‐prediction method to predict undocumented instances of parasite sharing between humans and NHPs. Our model makes predictions based on phylogenetic distances and geographic overlap among NHPs and humans in six countries with high NHP diversity: Columbia, Brazil, Democratic Republic of Congo, Madagascar, China, and Indonesia.
Of the 899 human parasites documented in the Global Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology Network (GIDEON) database for these countries, 12% were shared with at least one other NHP species. The link prediction model identified an additional 54 parasites that are likely to infect humans but were not reported in GIDEON. These parasites were mostly host generalists, yet their phylogenetic host breadth varied substantially.
As human activities and populations encroach on NHP habitats, opportunities for parasite sharing between human and NHPs will continue to increase. Our study identifies specific infectious organisms to monitor in countries with high NHP diversity, while the comparative analysis of host generalism, parasite taxonomy, and transmission mode provides insights to types of parasites that represent high zoonotic risk.

Courtney S. Werner

Koray Kasan

Julie K. Geyer

Mohamad Elmasri

Maxwell J. Farrell

Charles L. Nunn

Using phylogeographic link‐prediction in primates to prioritize human parasite screening

利用灵长类动物的系统地理学链接预测优先筛选人类寄生虫

Guanglin He

Yunhe Zhang

Lan‐Hai Wei

Mengge Wang

Xiaomin Yang

Jianxin Guo

Rong Hu

Chuan‐Chao Wang

Xianqing Zhang

The genomic formation of Tanka people, an isolated “gypsies in water” in the coastal region of Southeast China

中国东南沿海地区孤立的“水上吉普赛人”——疍民的基因组形成

Jessica Dimka

Taylor P. Doren

Heather T. Battles

Pandemics, past and present: The role of biological anthropology in interdisciplinary pandemic studies

过去与现在的流行病：生物人类学在跨学科流行病研究中的作用

Abbreviation	Am. J. Biol. Anthropol.
Journal Impact	1.62
Quartiles(Global)	EVOLUTIONARY BIOLOGY(Q4)

ISSN	2692-7691
h-index	138

Publication Information	Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2022，Proportion of original research papers: 96.91%，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate: 19.49%

American Journal of Biological Anthropology

Journal Citation Format

A journal article with 1 author

A journal article with 2 authors

A journal article with 3 authors

A journal article with 5 or more authors

Books Citation Format

Thesis Citation Format

Web sites Citation Format

Patent Citation Format

Staying up late manually editing references? ivySCI automatically matches journals and helps you generate references with a single click.

Share Submission Experience

Coming to the Caribbean—acclimation of Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at Cayo Santiago

Technical note: Mapping of trabecular bone anisotropy and volume fraction in 3D using μCT images of the human calcaneus

The effects of body size, activity, and phylogeny on primate sleeping ecology

Using phylogeographic link‐prediction in primates to prioritize human parasite screening

The genomic formation of Tanka people, an isolated “gypsies in water” in the coastal region of Southeast China

Coming to the Caribbean—acclimation of Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) at Cayo Santiago

The effects of body size, activity, and phylogeny on primate sleeping ecology

Using phylogeographic link‐prediction in primates to prioritize human parasite screening

Pandemics, past and present: The role of biological anthropology in interdisciplinary pandemic studies

The genomic formation of Tanka people, an isolated “gypsies in water” in the coastal region of Southeast China