Water Reuse

ABSTRACT Climate change disrupts water cycles, impacting arid regions’ water resources. This study aims to evaluate and rank the risk related to the availability of inflow to the Zayandehrud dam, Isfahan, Iran, under historical and future periods by using reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability criteria. Evaluation and ranking of runoff risk in the upstream Zayandehrud Dam Basin was done using methods based on the runoff risk index (viz., the weighted addition method and the multiplication method) and methods based on the runoff risk ranking (viz., Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution and simultaneous evaluation of criteria and alternatives). The subjective, objective, and hybrid methods were used to attribute the weights of the three criteria. The main results revealed that (1) the average monthly runoff during the historical period is lower than in the future periods, specifically, an increase of the runoff of about 30–60% compared to the historical period; (2) in the considered basin, the weight of the resiliency criterion compared to others increased in all periods, indicating the importance of the resiliency of the dam system and the manageability of this system in the conditions of climate change; and (3) the runoff risk in the historical period was higher than in the future period, however, in all periods the runoff risk is in the ‘high risk’ range.

Mohammad Mahdi Dorafshan

Mohammad Hossein Golmohammadi

Carlo De Michele

Saeid Eslamian

Risk analysis of inflow to the Zayandehrud Dam under historical and future scenarios using reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability indicators: a comparative study of the runoff risk index and runoff risk ranking methods

使用可靠性、恢复力和脆弱性指标对扎扬德鲁德大坝在历史和未来情景下的入流量进行风险分析：径流风险指数与径流风险排序方法的比较研究

ABSTRACT Decentralized wastewater treatment systems can help mitigate the water crisis. Their successful implementation depends not only on their technological design but also on the level of public support. We aim to assess how a pro-environmental social identity framing in which we present a decentralized wastewater treatment system as an environmentally responsible neighborhood initiative may increase public support of these systems. Two experimental studies examined the impact of pro-environmental social identity framing on public acceptance of decentralized wastewater systems in Groningen (the Netherlands) (n = 92) and Santiago de Compostela (Spain) (n = 208). As expected, pro-environmental social identity framing increased public acceptance in both studies, irrespective of the extent to which people identify with their neighborhood. Specifically, participants in the pro-environmental social identity framing condition displayed more positive attitudes, more positive and less negative emotions, and higher voting intentions toward the decentralized wastewater systems compared to those in the control condition. These results suggest that connecting such systems to shared neighborhood identities can be an effective strategy for overcoming barriers to their implementation. Our study offers valuable insights for policymakers, community leaders, and environmental advocates to craft messages to promote the adoption of decentralized wastewater systems.

Cristina Gómez-Román

Lise Jans

Linda Steg

Sergio Vila-Tojo

José-Manuel Sabucedo

‘Yes, we care’: pro-environmental social identity framing to promote acceptance of decentralized wastewater treatment systems

“是的，我们在乎”：通过环保社会身份框架促进分散式污水处理系统的接受度

ABSTRACT Maximizing the reuse of domestic wastewater is a critical objective, spurred by the pressing need to avoid water loss, reduce environmental discharges, and manage irrigation water demand. In the City of Cape Coral (FL, USA), thousands of old-fashioned and inefficient irrigation systems have been installed over the past 50 years. The city has adopted year-round external water use restrictions, but demands continue to increase. In 2020, peak 24-h irrigation water demands exceeded 177,914 m3. In response to recurrent dry seasons and growing demand over the past 20 years, the city has diversified its water resources. The city uses brackish groundwater with reverse osmosis treatment to produce drinking water and reuses 100% of its wastewater effluent for irrigation by blending the treated wastewater with fresh water from 483 km of freshwater canals. To promote efficient irrigation water use among consumers, a new approach has been adopted to automate private irrigation systems. The Environmental Resource Assessment and Management System Integrated Urban Water Model was used to simulate water management scenarios. The simulation showed that increasing automatic irrigation efficiency can save millions of cubic meters of irrigation water and help the city meet the future build-out peak-day demand of 219,758 m3/d, as estimated by the Blaney–Criddle method.

Jeffery Pearson

Seneshaw Tsegaye

Thomas M. Missimer

A comprehensive approach to an urban water reuse system to meet irrigation demand and conserve water: City of Cape Coral, FL, USA

满足灌溉需求和节约用水的城市水回用系统综合方法：美国佛罗里达州开普科勒尔市

ABSTRACT In regions lacking centralized water supply and electricity grid connections, capacitive deionization (CDI) offers a promising approach with its modular and energy-efficient characteristics for low-salinity solutions. This research evaluates the feasibility of using a photovoltaic (PV)-powered CDI system as an off-grid, household-based water purification solution for groundwater desalination in rural Uganda. In this work, the CDI system was integrated with a PV system, comprising an ultrafiltration unit for pretreatment, a CDI stack for desalination, and a PV array for power supply. As evidenced by the performance analysis of the CDI stack in a single-pass mode, the system exhibited commendable desalination efficiency with a salt removal efficiency (&amp;gt;60%) and stable energy performance (0.110 ± 0.014 kWh/mol) observed under different influent conductivities (500–3,000 μS/cm). When applied to groundwater desalination, the CDI-based system successfully reduced the conductivity to meet Uganda's potable water standard (1,500 μS/cm), achieving a water recovery of 63%, and an energy consumption of less than 1.5 kWh/m3. Consequently, the CDI-based system effectively couples with the PV system to meet daily water needs solely through solar energy, demonstrating the practical implementation of innovative off-grid water desalination solutions in resource-constrained settings.

Yu-Ting Hsieh

Chen-Shiuan Fan

Sofia Ya Hsuan Liou

Chia-Hung Hou

Off-grid photovoltaic-powered capacitive deionization for groundwater desalination in rural Africa

非洲农村地区离网光伏电容去离子技术用于地下水淡化

ABSTRACT A 4 L/min pilot study of a pretreatment process for brackish water desalination, known as the Mineral Recovery Enhanced Desalination process, was designed and tested. The objectives of the process are to (1) reduce the volume and mass of concentrate requiring disposal, (2) remove scale-forming constituents, (3) recover commodity minerals, and (4) increase feed water recovery by a subsequent desalination system. The process consists of (1) air stripping to remove dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), (2) high pH precipitation and membrane filtration to remove high-purity magnesium hydroxide, (3) ion exchange (IX) to remove calcium, and (4) nanofiltration (NF) to remove sulfate. The pretreated water consists of a monovalent salt solution with low scaling potential that allows increased feed water recovery and reduced waste production. The IX regenerant containing calcium can be combined with the high sulfate concentrate from the NF process to precipitate gypsum. The system achieved more than 98% removal of calcium, magnesium, and sulfate and more than 90% removal of DIC. No fouling of NF and reverse osmosis membranes was observed. A steady-state model was developed and calibrated to calculate the chemical quality and material balances for water and major ions.

Bruce Thomson

Kerry Howe

C. Odell Lee

The Mineral Recovery Enhanced Desalination (MRED) process for improved brackish water desalination

矿物回收增强脱盐（MRED）工艺用于改进苦咸水脱盐

ABSTRACT Fluoride levels in drinking water pose a significant environmental threat, and adsorption is a common technique. However, many adsorbent materials have drawbacks such as poor adsorption capabilities, extended contact times, high pH levels, and large dosages. A biochar-based magnetic composite adsorbent has been developed for water defluoridation using a chemical co-precipitation process to immobilize iron particles on the biochar surface. X-ray diffraction analysis, Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller, and scanning electron microscopy were used to analyse the composite. The central composite design was used to design laboratory tests, which included four input variables: solution pH, dosage, contact time, and initial concentration. The adsorbent dosage was 5.92 g/L, the aqueous pH was 5.79, the contact time was 66.48 min, and the initial fluoride concentration was 12.38 mg/L. The removal efficiency was predicted to be 98.61%, with a 98.55% removal efficiency at optimum conditions. The study concluded that the composite adsorbent can be a reliable and sustainable solution for fluoride removal from water.

Deginet Takele

Adane Woldemedhin Kalsido

Mohammed Wamolo Wotee

Synthesis of bagasse-derived magnetic biochar for the removal of fluoride from water solution

甘蔗渣衍生磁性生物炭的合成及其对水溶液中氟离子的去除作用

ABSTRACT Industrial digestates from short-fibre residues, generated in paper recycling mills, are driving interest in resource recovery. This study aims to explore their potential for water recovery. Understanding particle dynamics aids in optimizing dewatering for digestate management. The particle size distribution in this study revealed significant fractions: &amp;lt;0.63 μm (6–20%), 0.63–20 μm (38–52%), and &amp;gt;20 μm (11–16%). Pre-treatment with Na4P2O7 and H2O2 enhances settling and lowers total dissolved solids (TDSs) but results in variation of size distribution. Additionally, this study investigates further water reuse in paper mills, focusing on the quality of ultrafiltration (UF) permeate obtained from the digestate of short fibres. UF permeate analysis reveals deviations from freshwater standards in paper mills. Despite effective TS removal, UF permeate falls short of paper mill water standards due to high TDSs, electrical conductivity, and nutrient concentrations, necessitating further downstream treatment with nanofiltration or reverse osmosis. A substantial reduction of permeate flux from 31 to 5 L/(m2·h) over the time indicated fouling and inefficient membrane wash. The silt density index of the UF membrane at 30 min registered 2.1, suggesting potential fouling. Further investigations on optimizing UF operations to enhance permeate flux and exploring alternative UF membranes are required.

Dheeraja Cheenakula

Rida Hilmi

Ivan Semchuk

Jürgen Pettrak

Isabel Kuperjans

Markus Grömping

Silvio Beier

Investigation of particle size distribution and ultrafiltration of digestates from short-fibre residues in paper mills

纸厂短纤维残渣消化物的粒径分布及超滤研究

Abbreviation
Journal Impact	4.13
Quartiles(Global)	WATER RESOURCES(Q1)

ISSN	2709-6092, 2709-6106
h-index	30

Publication Information	Publisher: IWA Publishing，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: Yes
Basic data	Year of publication: 2021，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:2.30%， Gold OA Rate: 100.00%
Journal Fees	$2750Details
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：7 Weeks

Water Reuse

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Risk analysis of inflow to the Zayandehrud Dam under historical and future scenarios using reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability indicators: a comparative study of the runoff risk index and runoff risk ranking methods

‘Yes, we care’: pro-environmental social identity framing to promote acceptance of decentralized wastewater treatment systems

A comprehensive approach to an urban water reuse system to meet irrigation demand and conserve water: City of Cape Coral, FL, USA

Off-grid photovoltaic-powered capacitive deionization for groundwater desalination in rural Africa

The Mineral Recovery Enhanced Desalination (MRED) process for improved brackish water desalination

Risk analysis of inflow to the Zayandehrud Dam under historical and future scenarios using reliability, resiliency, and vulnerability indicators: a comparative study of the runoff risk index and runoff risk ranking methods

A comprehensive approach to an urban water reuse system to meet irrigation demand and conserve water: City of Cape Coral, FL, USA

‘Yes, we care’: pro-environmental social identity framing to promote acceptance of decentralized wastewater treatment systems

Synthesis of bagasse-derived magnetic biochar for the removal of fluoride from water solution

Investigation of particle size distribution and ultrafiltration of digestates from short-fibre residues in paper mills