Animal Diseases

Abstract Muscular atrophy accompanied by neuromuscular junction (NMJ) denervation is often observed after long-term chronic diseases and aging and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Here, we report that histone methyltransferase G9a is elevated in the muscle of muscular atrophy model mice and that muscle-specific deficiency of G9a ( Ehmt2 Ckmm− KO) alleviates muscular atrophy in both aged and denervated mice. Moreover, increased nerve-to-myofiber ratios and increased Agrin-Lrp4-MuSK signaling, which maintains NMJ, are found in aged Ehmt2 Ckmm− KO mice. Together, these data suggest that G9a promotes muscular atrophy and disrupts NMJ; thus, inhibiting the G9a level may be a potential therapy for muscular atrophy.

Ying Jin

Wei Kang

Xiaoge Ji

Yihao Zhou

Ling Zheng

G9a promotes muscular atrophy in chronic aging and acute denervation

G9a促进慢性衰老和急性失神经支配中的肌肉萎缩

Abstract Frequent extreme heat events around the world not only pose a major threat to human health but also cause significant economic losses to the livestock industry. The existing management practices are insufficient to fully prevent heat stress with an urgent need to develop preventive medicines. The aim of this study was to develop an anti-heat stress Chinese herbal formula (CHF) via big data analysis techniques and to evaluate its anti-heat stress effect and mechanism of action via pharmacodynamic evaluation and network pharmacology analysis. Many anti-heat stress CHFs were collected from the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) database. Three alternative CHFs were obtained via unsupervised entropy hierarchical clustering analysis, and the most effective CHF against heat stress, Shidi Jieshu decoction (SJD), was obtained by screening in a mouse heat stress model. In dry and hot environments, SJD significantly improved the heat tolerance of AA broilers by 4–6°C. In a humid and hot environment, pretreatment with 2% SJD resulted in 100% survival of Wenchang chickens at high temperatures. The main active ingredients of SJD were identified as muntjacoside E, timosaponin C, macrostemonoside H and mangiferin via ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS) and database comparison. The active ingredients of SJD were found to target tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), signal transducer activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Finally, the safety of the new formulation was assessed in an acute oral toxicity study in rats. The SJDs developed in this study provide a new option for the prevention of heat stress in animal husbandry and offer new insights for further research on anti-heat stress.

Hanfei Wang

Shuyi Xu

Haiyang Mao

Boyu Wang

Yanping Feng

Awais Ihsan

Shijun Li

Xu Wang

Pharmacodynamic evaluation and network pharmacology analysis of a novel anti-heat stress Chinese herbal formula

新型抗热应激中药复方的药效学评价与网络药理学分析

Abstract Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid are caused by the Salmonella serovars Gallinarum biovars Pullorum and Gallinarum, respectively. The prevalence of these diseases varies across regions and is affected by different risk factors that remain insufficiently documented. To fill this knowledge gap, we have compiled a global dataset for its prevalence, drawing upon a collection of literature from the last seven decades obtained from bilingual databases. However, a more interactive and dynamic platform is still needed for both academics and policymakers to improve biosecurity measures, limit disease transmission, and prevent future outbreaks at the global and local levels. Here, we developed an advanced visualization platform to depict the prevalence of Salmonella Pullorum and Gallinarum, especially in China, which is categorized by geographical region and temporal span. The platform offers a user-friendly, efficient, and visually engaging tool to explore the prevalence of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid between 1945 and 2021 in different regions. Additionally, this platform allows users to understand the influence of various factors, such as breed, farm mode, economic usage and even the sex of the primary host, chickens, on the prevalence of this disease. We further provided a detailed overview of individual province within China. In particular, by selecting two different provinces on the interface, users can quickly visualize and grasp the disparities in disease prevalence between the chosen regions. This interactive toolkit enables a dynamic exploration of the patterns and factors contributing to the prevalence of Salmonella Pullorum and Gallinarum. This interactive platform is freely available open source at http://139.9.85.208/ .

Xiamei Kang

Canghong Jin

Pengkun Gu

Song Wang

Zhengjie Gao

Chenyi Dai

Xiao Zhou

Abubakar Siddique

Haiyang Zhou

Linlin Huang

Yan Li

Min Yue

A dynamic platform for global pullorum disease and fowl typhoid

全球鸡白痢与禽伤寒的动态平台

Abstract Seasonal influenza A virus (IAV), particularly the H1N1 subtype, poses a significant public health threat because of its substantial morbidity and mortality rates worldwide. Understanding the immune response to H1N1 is crucial for developing effective treatments and vaccines. In this study, we deciphered the single-cell transcriptomic landscape of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from H1N1-infected humans and lung tissue samples from H1N1-infected mice by mining HIN1-related single-cell RNA sequencing data from the GEO database. We observed similar changes in immune cell composition following H1N1 infection, with an increase in macrophages but a decrease in T cells in both species. Moreover, significant transcriptional changes in bystander immune cells upon H1N1 infection were identified, with the upregulation of the chemokine CCL2 in human PBMCs and increased expression of interferon-stimulated genes such as Ifit3 , Ifit1 and Isg15 in mouse pulmonary immune cells. Intercellular cross-talk analysis highlighted enhanced interactions among bystander immune cells during H1N1 infection, with neutrophils in humans and macrophages in mice showing the most remarkable increases in interaction intensity. Transcription factor analysis revealed the conserved upregulation of key antiviral regulons, including STAT1 and IRF7, in T cells across both species, highlighting their pivotal roles in antiviral defense. These results suggest that humans and mice exhibit common immune responses to H1N1 infection, underscoring the similarity of vital immune mechanisms across species. The conserved immune mechanisms identified in this study provide potential therapeutic targets for enhancing antiviral immunity. Our research underscores the importance of understanding species-specific and conserved immune responses to H1N1 and offers insights that could inform the development of novel antiviral therapies and improve clinical outcomes for individuals affected by influenza.

Yu Chen

Huaiyuan Cai

Qian Zhang

Gang Cao

Jiahao Zhang

Bing Yang

Jinxia Dai

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals the commonality of immune response upon H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice and humans

单细胞转录组分析揭示小鼠和人类在H1N1流感病毒感染后的免疫反应共性

Abstract It is important to consider the full spectrum of complex interactions between mineral elements and biologically active substances to evaluate the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in animals, in addition to the classical physiological approach. This study aimed to assess changes in mineral element levels in wild and exotic animals in relation to their cardiovascular diseases. A total of 171 animals, including 128 healthy and 43 sick animals from three Russian zoos, were sampled and analyzed. For the first time, species from the canine (nine) and feline (seven) families from Moscow, Ivanovo, and Yaroslavl zoos in the Central Federal District of Russia were selected. A total of 108 samples from canines and 63 samples from feline animals were collected. Mineral element measurements were conducted on 1026 samples via a "Kvant-2A" atomic absorption spectrometer from Russia. Correlation and regression analyses were performed. CVDs were found in 10.1% of the studied animals, with a high percentage of heart muscle pathologies noted (25.8% of all CVDs). Iron (Fe) accumulated in canine and feline fur at approximately 208 and 203 mg/kg, with variations of 72.8% and 80.9%, respectively. A significant decrease in Fe and an increase in cadmium (Cd) during CVD were observed (correlations r = 0.25 and r = 0.16, respectively). The dysregulation of Fe homeostasis, increased absorption, and accumulation of Fe in the reticuloendothelial system are discussed. Finally, the mineral elements absorbed by canine and feline fur can be ranked in descending order: Fe &gt; Zn &gt; Cu &gt; Pb &gt; Cd &gt; As.

Sergei Yu. Zaitsev

Marina V. Stepanova

Larisa F. Sotnikova

Mineral imbalance and cardiovascular disease in animals of the canine (Canidae) and feline (Felidae) families: a study in Russian zoos

犬科和猫科动物的矿物质失衡与心血管疾病：俄罗斯动物园的一项研究

涉及主题	veterinary medicineveterinary scienceanimal diseaseshuman health
出版信息	出版商: BioMed Central Ltd，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 是
基本数据	创刊年份: 2021，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:
平均审稿周期	12 weeks

Animal Diseases

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G9a promotes muscular atrophy in chronic aging and acute denervation

Pharmacodynamic evaluation and network pharmacology analysis of a novel anti-heat stress Chinese herbal formula

A dynamic platform for global pullorum disease and fowl typhoid

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals the commonality of immune response upon H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice and humans

Mineral imbalance and cardiovascular disease in animals of the canine (Canidae) and feline (Felidae) families: a study in Russian zoos

Pharmacodynamic evaluation and network pharmacology analysis of a novel anti-heat stress Chinese herbal formula

G9a promotes muscular atrophy in chronic aging and acute denervation

Single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals the commonality of immune response upon H1N1 influenza virus infection in mice and humans

A dynamic platform for global pullorum disease and fowl typhoid

Mineral imbalance and cardiovascular disease in animals of the canine (Canidae) and feline (Felidae) families: a study in Russian zoos

ISSN	2731-0442
h-index	6