ASEAN Journal of Scientific and Technological Reports

Thailand Tokamak-1 (TT-1) is a small tokamak under the operation of the Thailand Institute of Nuclear Technology. In our future plans, TT-1 has the feasibility of being equipped with external heating systems to achieve high-performance plasma operation and conduct physics associated with fast ions generated by the external heating system. One of the potential external heating systems under consideration is a positive-ion-source-based neutral beam injection (NBI) heating system. The primary source of fast ions for the NBI can be either hydrogen or deuterium-doped hydrogen beams. This study examines how hydrogen and deuterium ions, namely protons and deuterons, respectively, move in orbits, using the Lorentz orbit (LORBIT) code to track their full gyromotion. The energy of the ions has been varied between 200 eV and 40 keV. Three trajectory motions have been characterized, i.e., counter-passing ion, co-passing ion, and trapped ion. The average Larmor radius, dependent on the ion energies, has been investigated. The Larmor radius significantly increases with increasing ion energy in the case of trapped ions, while in the case of counter- and co-passing ions, the Larmor radius exhibits a slight increase with increasing ion energy. Furthermore, the pitch angle range of the lost ion in the TT-1 has been investigated. The results demonstrate the feasibility of utilizing a deuterium-doped hydrogen beam in TT-1 to study fast ion physics. To avoid a large number of lost ions, it is possible to use a deuterium-doped hydrogen beam with an energy not exceeding approximately 10 keV in the TT-1.

Pitchayada Wangkhahat

Siriyaporn Sangaroon

Apiwat Wisitsorasak

Kunihiro Ogawa

Nopporn Poolyarat

Mitsutaka Isobe

Study of Orbit Motion of Hydrogen and Deuterium Beam Ions Toward Neutral Beam Injection Experiment in Thailand Tokamak-1

泰国Tokamak-1中性束注入实验中氢和氘束离子轨道运动研究

This study aimed to investigate the prebiotic properties of germinated Sang Yod brown rice in supporting the growth of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus pentosus GP6. Germinated brown rice was dried, ground into powder, and mixed with De Man Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth at 1%, 3%, and 5%. Bacterial cells were counted at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12, and 24 h after incubation at 37°C. The results showed that the concentration of germinated Sang Yod brown rice powder that exhibited the highest bacterial growth was 3% (10.97 log cfu/ml), followed by 5% (10.85 log cfu/ml) and 1% (10.42 log cfu/ml), respectively. The 3% germinated Sang Yod brown rice powder produced a synbiotic dietary supplement with L. pentosus GP6. The results showed that L. pentosus GP6 survived with 10.00-10.30 log cfu/ml cell numbers at 4°C for 6 months. This study demonstrated that germinated Sang Yod brown rice could be implemented as a prebiotic and component of synbiotic dietary supplement products.

Nattakan Dangmanee

Germinated Sang Yod Brown Rice as a Novel Prebiotic for Synbiotic Dietary Supplement Development

发芽桑耀糙米作为益生元在益生元膳食补充剂开发中的新应用

This research was focused on the synthesis of 20 %wt silver, silver platinum alloy, and silver-copper alloy catalysts on carbon Vulcan XC-72 supporter for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) and direct ethanol fuel cell (DEFC) cathode using sodium borohydride method. Herein, the ratio of silver and platinum or copper sources was 1:1 by weight. The obtained catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and the electro-activity performance was investigated on single-cell testing. XRD and TEM results confirmed the catalytic products of the Ag metal, AgPt alloy, and silver copper oxide (AgxCu2-xO). Therefore, the particle size of the catalytic 20 %wt AgPt/C was observed in the smallest size of about 4.71±1.03 nm. The catalyst was selected for PEMFC and DEFC cathode testing. It showed high power density of 14.68 and 1.26 W/cm2.g(M), respectively.

Siwat Thungprasert

Jennarong Jaikaung

Theeraporn Promanan

Samroeng Narakaew

Aphiruk Chaisenaand

Silver and Silver Alloy on Carbon-supported Catalysts for Cathodes in Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell and Direct Ethanol Fuel Cell

碳载银及银合金催化剂在质子交换膜燃料电池和直接乙醇燃料电池阴极中的应用

In this study, we investigated the impacts of climate change on rainfall patterns in Thailand using the downscaling method. The simulation data was obtained from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model, using the Community Earth System Model (CCSM) as a boundary condition. The characteristics of rainfall were analyzed in terms of the total annual rainfall, rainfall intensity, the number of days with heavy rain, and the total amount of rainfall in each season in the future compared to the base periods. It was found that the simulation of the climate in upper Thailand was consistent with the reanalysis values, with TCC ranging from 0.6 to 0.9. The simulated annual rainfall amount is underestimated throughout the country. There are indications that rainfall will increase in average and extreme terms in some regions, including the eastern region of the Northeast, the western side of the North, and the upper part of the West. In the southern part of the country, the overall rainfall indices are expected to decrease with low confidence in almost the entire region.

Supanee Maichandee

Prachaya Namwong

Onuma Methakeson

Impacts of Climate Change and Regional Variations on Future Rainfall Patterns in Thailand by Downscaling Method

气候变化和区域差异对泰国未来降雨模式的影响：降尺度方法

The optimal layout of wind power plants is very important as the arrangement of wind turbine generators (WTGs) profoundly affects the overall energy output of the wind power plant. To address this important issue, this research investigates the best layout for WTGs in wind power plants with different terrain features across three locations in Thailand using the Ant Colony Optimization (ACO) algorithm. The objective functions of maximizing the net annual energy production (AEP) and minimizing the wake losses were used to achieve the optimal wind power plant layout. Using the MERRA-2 database, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) wind flow modeling was performed to create 10x10 km2 microscale wind resource maps of locations characterized by flat, semi-complex, and complex terrains to install wind power plants. The CFD wind flow modeling yielded wind speeds of 5.00 to 5.76, 4.21 to 8.90, and 3.10 to 4.45 m/s for the flat, semi-complex, and complex terrains, respectively, making them feasible for utility-scale wind power plants. WTGs of multiple blade diameters, ranging from 90 to 126 m, with a nominal capacity of 2.5 MW at 100 m above ground-level hub heights, were used in this study. The Gamesa G126-2.5MW WTG with a 126 m blade diameter produces the highest net AEP of 14.3, 76.1, and 38.9 GWh/yr for the three terrains. Hence, this WTG was used to perform an ACO-based optimization to improve the electricity production of the wind power plants. Such studies are important to improve the efficiency of wind power plants, thus extracting the maximum kinetic energy possible from the winds and improving the economic viability of wind power plants.

Pongsak Makhampom

Jompob Waewsak

Chana Chancham

Somphol Chiwamongkhonkarn

Yves Gagnon

Optimal Wind Power Plant Layout Using Ant Colony Optimization

基于蚁群优化的风电场布局优化

Propolis is a substance that safeguards the bee hive against physical and microbiological threats. This research assessed the phytochemical properties and biological effects of propolis produced by stingless bees Geniotrigona thoracica collected from Phatthalung, Southern Thailand. The findings revealed that the ethanolic extract propolis (EEP) from G. thoracica exhibited antibacterial properties against certain foodborne pathogens (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Salmonella Typhimurium) with moderate to strong zone of inhibition (ZOI) in the range of 10 mm ≤ ZOI ≤ 15 mm. Additionally, the extract propolis demonstrated antioxidant activity, achieving up to 80% DPPH radical scavenging when 50 mg/mL EEP was tested. Furthermore, the crude propolis extract showed anti-inflammatory effects on macrophage cells, resulting in a 72.9% reduction in nitric oxide (NO) levels in LPS-activated RAW 264.7 cells exposed to 100 mg/mL of EEP. The GC-MS chromatogram identified the phytochemical compositions of the EEP, with Lup-20(29)-en-3-ol or lupeol (25.42%) and β-amyrone (22.66%) as the major compounds, both triterpenoid derivatives. Other notable constituents included alkane hydrocarbon pentacosane (6.63%), fatty alcohol cis-9-eicosenol (4.23%), and phenolic compound 3-pentadecylphenol (3.86%). Therefore, the EEP derived from G. thoracica, possessing such diverse biological activities, holds promise for medicinal and functional food applications.

Kannika Bunkaew

Petcharat Ponpichai

Monthon Lertworapreecha

Jakkrawut Maitip

Wankuson Chanasit

Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activities of Propolis from Geniotrigona thoracica: Evaluating its Therapeutic Applications

Geniotrigona thoracica 蜂胶的植物化学分析及生物活性：评估其治疗应用

Edible flowers are a new market for horticulture plants. Beyond their attractive shapes and colors, this group of plants contains secondary metabolites that benefit human health. This study aims to investigate the growth and flower yield of marguerite daisies using organic fertilizer at different rates and frequencies. The experiment was designed as a factorial, completely randomized design with two factors: fertilizer rate (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 times compared to the total nitrogen content in chemical fertilizer) and frequency of organic fertilizer application (every 30 and 15 days). Slow-release chemical fertilizer (Osmocote 13-13-13) was used as a control. The experiment reveals that the rate of organic fertilizer application significantly affected the growth and flower yield of Marguerite daisy. Still, the frequency of organic fertilizer application did not significantly affect it. Application at 1.5 times yielded the most significant growth and flower production compared to 0.5 and 1 times of application. When comparing the results of organic fertilizer application with 13-13-13 chemical fertilizer, it was found that applying organic fertilizer 1.0 times and 1.5 times every 15 or 30 days resulted in similar plant growth and flower size as with the chemical fertilizer (p&gt;0.05). However, chemical fertilizer produced the highest chlorophyll index (SPAD), accumulated flower buds, and flower blooming per pot (p&lt;0.05). The plant requires more than 1.5 times the organic fertilizer application to achieve flower production equivalent to chemical fertilizer.

Chamaiporn Anuwong

Phissanu Kaewtaphan

Pattrarat Teamkao

Optimizing Organic Fertilization for Marguerite Daisy (Argyranthemum frutescens): Impact of Application Rate and Frequency on Growth and Yield

优化玛格丽特雏菊（Argyranthemum frutescens）的有机施肥：施用率和频率对生长和产量的影响

Realm of Valor (RoV) is a famous multiplayer online battle arena (MOBA) game. An average of 25 million games are played daily in Thailand alone. The game also competes in international events, with millions of U.S. dollars in the prize pool. However, the game is very complex and requires a player to have high experience to win. In particular, the hero selection process that each user has to perform at the beginning of each game because the set of selected heroes can affect the game outcome, but there are many heroes to be selected. This paper compares machine learning techniques to predict the winner's side based on the player's and opponent's selection of heroes and the relationship among the selected heroes. Three traditional machine learning techniques, namely, k-Nearest Neighbor, Logistic Regression, and Decision Tree, are compared against ensemble learning with their optimized parameters. The algorithms are evaluated using k-fold cross-validation, and the accuracy of each algorithm is measured. The results show that winning predictions can be improved by considering the relationship among selected heroes. Also, ensemble learning can compete with traditional learning.

Nattapat Tangniyom

Pruet Boonma

A Study on Using Machine Learning to Predict Winner in Multiplayer Online Battle Arena (MOBA) Game

《利用机器学习预测多人在线战斗竞技场（MOBA）游戏胜者的研究》

When working with real-world datasets characterized by complex and non-linear relationships, the limitations of non-complex machine learning models like linear regression become evident. In response to addressing this technical problem, we propose a novel algorithm to enhance linear regression without the necessity of complex mathematical or statistical expressions. Instead, the algorithm segments data into multiple subgroups or neighbors, each with its own best-fitting line. The primary objective of this approach is to enable more accurate predictions for unseen data points by utilizing the most similar neighbors and their corresponding linear regression lines, with the support of k-nearest neighbors. Empirical evidence from three publicly available housing price datasets demonstrates the algorithm’s effectiveness in improving traditional linear regression models.

Chinnawat Chetcharungkit

Enhancing linear regression through neighbor-based similarity analysis

通过邻域相似性分析增强线性回归

This research focuses on enhancing the properties of hollow concrete blocks by incorporating rice husk ash and cassava fermentation waste. The study replaces 15% of the cement with rice husk ash from a Bag Filter source and substitutes 0.5-10% of the stone dust by weight with cassava fermentation waste from Ajinomoto (Thailand) Co., Ltd. The hollow concrete blocks were formed using a cement-to-stone dust ratio of 1:10 and a water-to-binder ratio (W/B) of 0.625, with 7 x 19 x 39 cm dimensions. The test results indicate that the density of the hollow concrete blocks decreases with the addition of rice husk ash compared to control hollow concrete blocks. However, when a small amount of cassava fermentation waste is added, the weight and density of the hollow concrete blocks increase. Additionally, the moisture content of the rice husk ash mixed blocks is lower than that of the control hollow concrete blocks. Still, it increases proportionally with the inclusion of cassava fermentation waste. Combining rice husk ash and cassava fermentation waste leads to higher water absorption values in the hollow concrete blocks. Moreover, the compressive strength of the rice husk ash mixed hollow concrete blocks is greater than that of the control hollow concrete blocks. However, the addition of cassava fermentation waste reduces compressive strength.

Prachoom Khamput

Chookiat Choosakul

Tawich Klathae

Suporn Rittipuakdee

Sunun Monkeaw

Product of Hollow Concrete Blocks Mixed with Rice Husk Ash and Cassava Fermentation Waste

稻壳灰与木薯发酵废弃物混合的空心混凝土砌块

出版信息	出版商: Thaksin University，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 2021，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:

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