JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS 是生物节律研究协会的官方期刊，使用遗传、生化、生理、行为、流行病学和建模方法以及临床试验，在生物节律的各个方面提供经过同行评审的原创研究。重点是昼夜节律和季节节律，但也考虑及时审查和研究其他周期性。该期刊是出版道德委员会 (COPE) 的成员。

The American Behavioral Scientist is the official journal of the Biological Rhythms Research Society, dedicated to providing peer-reviewed original research on all aspects of biological rhythms through genetic, biochemical, physiological, behavioral, epidemiological, and modeling approaches, as well as clinical trials. The focus is on circadian and seasonal rhythms, but timely reviews and studies on other periodic phenomena are also considered. The journal is a member of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE).

《American Behavioral Scientist》是生物节律研究协会的官方期刊，致力于通过遗传学、生化学、生理学、行为学、流行病学和建模方法，以及临床试验，提供关于生物节律各个方面的原创研究，经过同行评审。期刊重点关注昼夜节律和季节节律，同时也欢迎及时审查和研究其他周期性现象。该期刊是出版道德委员会 (COPE) 的成员。

American Behavioral Scientist

A community is resilient if it is able to “bounce forward” after an adverse event. Community resilience is generally considered a process that is indicated by community adaptation following a disaster or crisis. In this article, we employ media and communication perspectives (communication ecology, public relations, and strategic communication) to review the community resilience literature and propose a revised community resilience model. Our proposed model includes four components: communication systems and resources, community relationships, strategic communication processes, and community attributes. Each of these components includes several elements that are described. Implications for research and practice are discussed.

J. Brian Houston

Matthew L. Spialek

Joy Cox

Molly M. Greenwood

Jennifer First

The Centrality of Communication and Media in Fostering Community Resilience

Synchronization of male and female locomotor activity plays a critical role in ensuring reproductive success, especially in semelparous species. The goal of this study was to elucidate the effects of individual chemical signals, or pheromones, on the locomotor activity in the sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus). In their native habitat, adult preovulated females (POF) and ovulated females (OF) are exposed to sex pheromone compounds that are released from spermiated males and attract females to nests during their migration and spawning periods. In this study, locomotor activity of individual POF and OF was measured hourly in controlled laboratory conditions using an automated video-tracking system. Differences in the activity between a baseline day (no treatment exposure) and a treatment day (sex pheromone compound or control exposure) were examined for daytime and nighttime periods. Results showed that different pheromone compound treatments affected both POF and OF sea lamprey ( p &lt; 0.05) but in different ways. Spermiated male washings (SMW) and one of its main components, 7α,12α,24-trihydroxy-5α-cholan-3-one 24 sulfate (3kPZS), decreased activity of POF during the nighttime. SMW also reduced activity in POF during the daytime. In contrast, SMW increased activity of OF during the daytime, and an additional compound found in SMW, petromyzonol sulfate (PZS), decreased the activity during the nighttime. In addition, we examined factors that allowed us to infer the overall locomotor patterns. SMW increased the maximum hourly activity during the daytime, decreased the maximum hourly activity during the nighttime, and reduced the percentage of nocturnal activity in OF. Our findings suggest that adult females have evolved to respond to different male compounds in regards to their locomotor activity before and after final maturation. This is a rare example of how species-wide chemosensory stimuli can affect not only the amounts of activity but also the overall locomotor pattern in a vertebrate species.

Erin J. Walaszczyk

Benjamin B. Goheen

Juan Pedro Steibel

Weiming Li

Journal of Biological Rhythms

Differential Effects of Sex Pheromone Compounds on Adult Female Sea Lamprey (<i>Petromyzon marinus</i>) Locomotor Patterns

In this review, we touch on a broad array of ways that work is linked to health and health disparities for individuals and societies. First focusing on the health of individuals, we discuss the health differences between those who do and do not work for pay, and review key positive and negative exposures that can generate health disparities among the employed. These include both psychosocial factors like the benefits of a high status job or the burden of perceived job insecurity, as well as physical exposures to dangerous working conditions like asbestos or rotating shift work. We also provide a discussion of the ways differential exposure to these aspects of work contributes to social disparities in health within and across generations. Analytic complexities in assessing the link between work and health for individuals, such as health selection, are also discussed. We then touch on several contextual level associations between work and the health of populations, discussing the importance of the occupational structure in a given society, the policy environment that prevails there, and the oscillations of the macroeconomy for generating societal disparities in health. We close with a discussion of four areas and associated recommendations that draw on this corpus of knowledge but would push the research on work, health and inequality toward even greater scholarly and policy relevance.

Sarah A. Burgard

Katherine Y. Lin

Bad Jobs, Bad Health? How Work and Working Conditions Contribute to Health Disparities

糟糕的工作，糟糕的健康？工作和工作条件如何导致健康差异

Past research suggests that tolerance flows from personal characteristics, diversified networks, and participation in voluntary associations. Earlier studies have never included all of these, so researchers have not explored alternative theoretical accounts of how possible causes of tolerance connect to each other and to tolerance. For example, do association members have more tolerance because association activities meet the conditions of the contact hypothesis,because members are well educated, or because association activity widens one's networks? Furthermore, both associations and social networks vary in the extent to which they provide the experiences theoretically linked to tolerance, so types of associations and types of networks should also have different effects on tolerance. Exploring these and other variations provides an enriched test of theoretical conjectures. Findings from analyses of the 2000 Canadian federal election study show that tolerance is complex, stemming from a combination of social networks, voluntary association activities, and individual attributes.

Rochelle R. Côté

Bonnie H. Erickson

Untangling the Roots of Tolerance

解开宽容的根源

The field of public relations has been transformed in past decades by globalization as well as by the emergence and prominence of social and digital platforms. Where once limited to their own geographic regions, organizations are now required to adapt to a fast-moving global environment where geography and organizational stakeholders span across the four corners of the world. This new scenario brings challenges not only to public relations scholars but also to practitioners and companies. In fact, as new markets emerge along with new global actors, long-held assumptions regarding the theory and practice of public relations, which once seemed immutable as well as reflected predominantly a Western perspective, are now being challenged. Recognizing the strategic relationship management function as the key focus in the public relations field (Ki & Hon, 2007; Ledingham & Bruning, 1998), international public relations has become another byproduct of globalization. The modern global economy erases many long-standing assumptions regarding differences between domestic and global public relations. For example, an Apple iPhone is designed in California; assembled in China; using parts made by multinational corporations (MNCs) from across Asia, Europe, and North America; composed of minerals mined in Africa; and ultimately sold to consumers in every part of the world. Recognizing the various stakeholders engaged in the company’s success, Apple’s engagement activities may inconsequently include an international component even when a specific stakeholder may be domestic. The global nature of public relations is further made evident by the multifaceted relational interplay between MNCs, foreign

Guy J. Golan

New Perspectives on International Public Relations: Engaging Foreign Stakeholders

国际公共关系的新视角：与外国利益相关者互动

Forensic investigation is used in policing immigrants for various investigative tasks, such as forensic psychological evaluations in immigration courts, forensic medical evaluation on immigration relief, forensic genetics and anthropology in identifying decedent migrants, and document examination on immigration documents. Forensic applications in policing immigrants have focused primarily on document examination and individual identification. Although the other forensic methods have been relatively underreported, their significance in serving immigrant policing is evident. Challenges in developing forensic investigation for policing immigrants involve collaboration issues, resource limitations, and technical complications. In order to improve policing immigrants, the above challenges need to be overcome to remove the barriers between forensic investigation and immigrant policing. The authors gathered information from journals, government sources, and nongovernment organizations to identify current and past practices in North America and Europe related to the background of forensic applications in immigrant policing. In this article, the status quo of applications along with case examples are presented; the current challenges are pointed out and the root cause analysis of problems in the challenges is conducted; recommendations for future forensic application, development, and advancement in policing immigrants are discussed.

Min Zhang

Charles W. Russo

Forensic Investigation in Policing Immigrants: Applications, Challenges, and Recommendations

警务移民中的法医调查：应用、挑战与建议

Drawing upon the theories of system justification and cultural inertia, this study qualitatively assesses Asian American perceptions of the police, focusing on how such perceptions may have been impacted by the rise of anti-Asian racism since the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, this study was conducted with Asian Americans in the mid-Atlantic region. Results show that most participants displayed favorable attitudes toward the police, believing they are integral to keeping communities safe. Some argued that the police should address hate crimes, while others believed that the police are unable to effectively control hate crimes due to a lack of resources and the ambiguous definition of hate crime. Meanwhile, fear of the police was common primarily due to police use of force, firearm-carrying, and racial discrimination. There is a shared belief that the relationship between Asian Americans and the police needs to be improved.

Stephanie Ha

Ivan Sun

Yuning Wu

Asian Americans’ Attitudes Toward the Police in a Time of Heightened Anti-Asian Racism

亚洲裔美国人在反亚裔种族主义高涨时期对警察的态度

Assessing immigrant attitudes toward the police is becoming increasingly important because of increased migration from African nations to the West. Thus, this study examines the impact of procedural justice and other cognate concepts on the obligation to obey and willingness to cooperate with the police in a sample of African immigrant women domiciled in the United States. To have a better understanding of the antecedents of obligation to obey and willingness to cooperate with police, we analyze data collected in 2019 from African immigrant women living in the United States ( N = 478). Our results show that participants who believe that the police practice procedural justice and distributive justice, participants who believe that a high number of African immigrant women experience intimate partner violence, and participants who believe that, compared to the police in Africa, U.S. police officers do a good job responding to intimate partner violence have a stronger sense of obligation to obey the police. In addition, participants who believe that the police are procedurally just are more willing to cooperate with the police. We point out the implications of our findings for police-immigrant relations, future research, and public policy.

Joselyne L. Chenane

Daniel K. Pryce

The Antecedents of Obligation to Obey and Cooperation With Police: The Views of African Immigrant Women in the United States

服从义务与配合警察行为的前因：在美非洲移民女性的观点

Although research has traditionally examined the role of law enforcement agencies in policing immigrants as potential perpetrators of crime and their relationship to federal immigration law enforcement, researchers have focused less on how police respond to immigrant victims of crime and help them secure legal benefits. This paper examines a local case of the U visa program, a federal program administered by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Eligible immigrants, including unauthorized immigrants, who are crime victims can apply for a U visa if they report and assist in the investigation of a qualifying crime. A key feature of the U visa program is the mandatory involvement of a certifying agency, most commonly law enforcement. Using U visa certification data across 5 years from a local police department and background conversations regarding the certification process, we provide one of the first examinations of U visa certification at the agency level. We also use certification request data, local crime rates, and estimates of the unauthorized immigrant population at the Census tract level to produce an exploratory U visa coverage rate.

Lilly Yu

Pranav Athimuthu

Christopher Inkpen

Wayne J. Pitts

Heather Prince

U Visa Certification Patterns and Coverage: A Case Study in the Southeastern United States

U签证认证模式与覆盖范围：美国东南部个案研究

The rise of Trump ignited smoldering xenophobia throughout the U.S. As a result of Trump’s election, punitive and restrictive immigration policies were passed and have not been lifted. Consequently, punitive enforcement of immigrant populations has increased nationwide specifically in Texas. For instance, a significant increase in deportation, arrest, and detainment of immigrants, the reduction of humanitarian protection, random punitive immigration enforcement, and fewer opportunities for legal immigration have occurred since Trump’s presidency. Although research has observed that first-generation immigrants are more trustful and have more positive perceptions of police when compared to later generations, previous research has observed various factors influence immigrant perceptions of police. Investigation into immigrant perceptions of police during Trump’s first year in office, combined with the analysis of unexplored constructs (e.g., “the talk”) would improve our understanding of factors influencing perceptions across generations. The current study will investigate: (1) Does immigrant generation status influence fear of police during Trump’s first year in office; (2) Is the fear of police mediated through receiving “the talk”? Mediation analysis will be conducted to investigate the research questions.

Abbreviation	J Biol Rhythms
Journal Impact	2.16
Quartiles(Global)	SOCIAL SCIENCES, INTERDISCIPLINARY(Q1)

ISSN	0002-7642, 0748-7304, 1552-3381, 1552-4531
h-index	115

Publication Information	Publisher: SAGE Publications Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1957，Proportion of original research papers: 99.52%，Self Citation Rate:4.30%， Gold OA Rate: 19.92%

American Behavioral Scientist

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