自 1973 年出版的《地球与行星科学年度回顾》涵盖了地球和行星科学所有领域的重大发展，从气候、环境和地质灾害到行星的形成和生命的进化。

The Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences has been published since 1973, covering significant developments in all areas of Earth and planetary sciences, including climate change, environmental issues, geological hazards, planetary formation, and the evolution of life.

《Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences》自1973年出版，涵盖了地球与行星科学各个领域的重要进展，包括气候变化、环境问题、地质灾害、行星形成以及生命的演化等。

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

Paleogeography is the study of the changing surface of Earth through time. Driven by plate tectonics, the configuration of the continents and ocean basins has been in constant flux. Plate tectonics pushes the land surface upward or pulls it apart, causing its collapse. All the while, the unrelenting forces of climate and weather slowly reduce mountains to sand and mud and redistribute these sediments to the sea. This article reviews the changing paleogeography of the past 750 million years. It describes the broad patterns of Phanerozoic paleogeography as well as many of the specific paleogeographic events that have shaped the modern continents and ocean basins. The focus is on the changing latitudinal distribution of the continents, fluctuations in sea level, the opening and closing of oceanic seaways, mountain building, and how these paleogeographic changes have affected global climate, ocean circulation, and the evolution of life. This review presents an atlas of 114 paleogeographic maps that illustrate how Earth's surface has evolved during the past 750 million years. During that time interval, Earth has witnessed the formation and breakup of two supercontinents: Pannotia and Pangea. The continents have been transformed from low-lying flooded platforms to high-standing land areas crisscrossed by the scars of past continental collisions. Oceans have opened and closed, and then opened again in a seemingly never-ending cycle. ▪ The changing configuration of the continents and ocean basins during the past 750 million years is illustrated in 114 paleogeographic maps. ▪ These maps describe how the surface of Earth has been continually modified by mountain building and erosion. ▪ The changing paleogeography has affected global climate, ocean circulation, and the evolution of life. ▪ The data and methods used to produce the maps are described in detail.

Christopher R. Scotese

Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.

An Atlas of Phanerozoic Paleogeographic Maps: The Seas Come In and the Seas Go Out

Brachiopods are (perhaps all too) familiar to any geology student who has taken an invertebrate paleontology course; they may well be less familiar to biology students. Even though brachiopods are among the most significant components of the marine fossil ...Read More

J. Oro

Stanley L. Miller

Antonio Lazcano

THE ORIGIN AND EARLY EVOLUTION OF LIFE ON EARTH

地球上生命的起源与早期演化

Carbonatites are igneous rocks formed in the crust by fractional crystallization of carbonate-rich parental melts that are mostly mantle derived. They dominantly consist of carbonate minerals such as calcite, dolomite, and ankerite, as well as minor ...Read More

K A Holsapple

The Scaling of Impact Processes in Planetary Sciences

行星科学中冲击过程的尺度效应

The Gogo Formation of Western Australia preserves a unique Late Devonian (Frasnian) reef fauna. The exceptional three-dimensional preservation of macrofossils combined with unprecedented soft-tissue preservation (including muscle bundles, nerve cells, and umbilical structures) has yielded a particularly rich assemblage with almost 50 species of fishes described. The most significant discoveries have contributed to resolving placoderm phylogeny and elucidating their reproductive physiology. Specifically, these discoveries have produced data on the oldest known vertebrate embryos; the anatomy of the primitive actinopterygian neurocranium and phylogeny of the earliest actinopterygians; the histology, radiation, and plasticity of dipnoan (lungfish) dental and cranial structures; the anatomy and functional morphology of the extinct onychodonts; and the anatomy of the primitive tetrapodomorph head and pectoral fin.

John A. Long

Kate Trinajstic

The Late Devonian Gogo Formation Lägerstatte of Western Australia: Exceptional Early Vertebrate Preservation and Diversity

西澳大利亚晚泥盆世戈戈组化石库：早期脊椎动物保存的卓越性与多样性

Climate extremes threaten human health, economic stability, and the well-being of natural and built environments (e.g., 2003 European heat wave). As the world continues to warm, climate hazards are expected to increase in frequency and intensity. The impacts of extreme events will also be more severe due to the increased exposure (growing population and development) and vulnerability (aging infrastructure) of human settlements. Climate models attribute part of the projected increases in the intensity and frequency of natural disasters to anthropogenic emissions and changes in land use and land cover. Here, we review the impacts, historical and projected changes,and theoretical research gaps of key extreme events (heat waves, droughts, wildfires, precipitation, and flooding). We also highlight the need to improve our understanding of the dependence between individual and interrelated climate extremes because anthropogenic-induced warming increases the risk of not only individual climate extremes but also compound (co-occurring) and cascading hazards. ▪  Climate hazards are expected to increase in frequency and intensity in a warming world. ▪  Anthropogenic-induced warming increases the risk of compound and cascading hazards. ▪  We need to improve our understanding of causes and drivers of compound and cascading hazards.

Amir AghaKouchak

Felicia Chiang

Laurie S. Huning

Charlotte A. Love

Iman Mallakpour

Omid Mazdiyasni

Hamed Moftakhari

Simon Michael Papalexiou

Elisa Ragno

Mojtaba Sadegh

Climate Extremes and Compound Hazards in a Warming World

变暖世界中的气候极端事件与复合灾害

The extensive chondrichthyan fossil record spans 400+ million years and has a global distribution. Paleontological studies provide a foundation of description and taxonomy to support deeper forays into ecology and evolution considering geographic, morphologic, and functional changes through time with nonanalog species and climate states. Although chondrichthyan teeth are most studied, analyses of dermal denticle metrics and soft tissue imprints are increasing. Recent methodological advances in morphology and geochemistry are elucidating fine-scale details, whereas large datasets and ecological modeling are broadening taxonomic, temporal, and geographic perspectives. The combination of ecological metrics and modeling with environmental reconstruction and climate simulations is opening new horizons to explore form and function, demographic dynamics, and food web structure in ancient marine ecosystems. Ultimately, the traits and taxa that endured or perished during the many catastrophic upheaval events in Earth's history contribute to conservation paleobiology, which is a much-needed perspective for extant chondrichthyans. ▪ The longevity and abundance of the chondrichthyan fossil record elucidates facets of ecological, evolutionary, and environmental histories. ▪ Though lacking postcranial, mineralized skeletons, dental enameloid and dermal denticles exquisitely preserve morphology and geochemistry. ▪ Technical advances in imaging, geochemistry, and modeling clarify the linkages between form and function with respect to physiology, diet, and environment. ▪ Conservation efforts can benefit from the temporal and spatial perspective of chondrichthyan persistence through past global change events.

Sora L. Kim

Meghan A. Balk

Elizabeth C. Sibert

Lisa Whitenack

Diving Deeper: Leveraging the Chondrichthyan Fossil Record to Investigate Environmental, Ecological, and Biological Change

深入探索：利用软骨鱼类化石记录研究环境、生态和生物变化

Coccolithophores are a major group of oceanic calcifying phytoplankton, and their calcite skeletal remains, termed calcareous nannofossils, are a major component of deep-sea sediments accumulating since the Jurassic. Coccolithophores play a role in both the biological pump and the carbonate pump, exporting organic and inorganic carbon, respectively, out of the surface ocean. This means that they are key responders to and recorders of ocean carbon cycle and climate changes over geological and shorter timescales, and studying these responses can help elucidate the uncertain fate of calcifying phytoplankton under projected climate change scenarios. Here, we review established and emerging approaches for reconstructing ( a ) mixed-layer ocean temperature, ( b ) marine productivity, and ( c ) aspects of the ocean carbon cycle, using calcareous nannofossils from deep-sea sediments. For each parameter, we discuss the different proxies that have been proposed, based on abundance or species composition, inorganic geochemistry, and/or coccolith morphology, and explore their applications and limitations in Cenozoic paleoceanography. ▪ Calcareous nannofossils can be used to reconstruct upper ocean conditions and changes over centennial to million-year timescales. ▪ Key coccolith-based proxies for temperature, productivity, and the carbon cycle are reviewed. ▪ Approaches based on assemblages, geochemistry, and morphology provide novel insights into the evolution and adaptation of coccolithophores and past climate.

Clara T. Bolton

Heather M. Stoll

Coccoliths as Recorders of Paleoceanography and Paleoclimate over the Past 66 Million Years

颗石藻作为过去6600万年古海洋学和古气候的记录者

The depleted mantle reservoir is that part of Earth's mantle from which crust has been extracted, leaving the remaining mantle depleted in incompatible elements. Knowing how and when it formed is essential for understanding the chemical evolution of Earth, including formation of continental crust. The best-constrained Hf isotope data presented here indicate that the mantle does not become significantly depleted until as late as 700 million years after Earth's accretion. This onset of mantle depletion coincides with the first appearance of substantial volumes of continental crust in the geological record. These data compel a revision to the reference depleted mantle parameters used in Hf isotope studies of planetary evolution. This new reference line follows chondritic evolution until 3.8 Ga and then describes a linear trajectory to a present-day depleted mid-ocean ridge basalt source mantle composition (ε Hf = +18). We infer that stabilization of continental crust only occurred in earnest on Earth after 3.8 Ga. ▪ Hf isotopes show that Earth's mantle does not become significantly depleted until 700 million years after planetary accretion. ▪ Most of Earth's oldest rocks formed from mantle sources that had radiogenic isotope compositions similar to those of chondritic meteorites. ▪ Isotope evidence shows that Hadean (&gt;4.0-billion-year-old) crust was not essential for formation of younger crust in Archean terranes. ▪ Growth of Earth's continents only began in earnest after 3.8 Ga.

Jeffrey D. Vervoort

Anthony I.S. Kemp

Isotope Evolution of the Depleted Mantle

亏损地幔的同位素演化

Minna de Honkoku began as an online citizen science project to transcribe earthquake-related historical materials from the Earthquake Research Institute Library of the University of Tokyo. In Japan, almost all the documents are written in kuzushiji (old-style Japanese cursive script), a writing style used before ∼1900. Because the style of writing is different modern Japanese, transcription is necessary to use the historical documents as data for earthquake research. The workspace of Minna de Honkoku consists of a viewer of a document image and a vertical (Japanese-style) editor for transcription. Users can input transcribed text while viewing its image. The ranking of characters transcribed is displayed to keep users motivated. As of October 2024, more than 9,700 people were registered for the project, with the total number of characters transcribed at about 41 million. The text generated by Minna de Honkoku can be used for various academic research fields including seismology and can be used to enhance citizens’ disaster awareness. The paired kuzushiji characters and text data generated by Minna de Honkoku are beginning to be used as training data for artificial intelligence. ▪ Minna de Honkoku is an online citizen science project aimed at deciphering historical documents. ▪ The total number of participants is 9,700, and characters transcribed by Minna de Honkoku reaches 41 million. ▪ Minna de Honkoku began as a project to transcribe earthquake-related historical materials. ▪ The text generated by Minna de Honkoku is used in seismology and various research fields and for building artificial intelligence–based kuzushiji recognition.

Yasuyuki Kano

Yuta Hashimoto

Minna de Honkoku: Citizen-Participation Transcription Project for Japanese Historical Documents

《大家一起来校勘：日本历史文献的公民参与转录项目》

Critical minerals are essential for sustaining the supply chain necessary for the transition to a carbon-free energy source for society. Copper, nickel, cobalt, lithium, and rare earth elements are particularly in demand for batteries and high-performance magnets used in low-carbon technologies. Copper, predominantly sourced from porphyry deposits, is critical for electricity generation, storage, and distribution. Nickel, which comes from laterite and magmatic sulfide deposits, and cobalt, often a by-product of nickel or copper mining, are core components of batteries that power electric vehicles. Lithium, sourced from pegmatite deposits and continental brines, is another key battery component. Rare earth elements, primarily obtained from carbonatite- and regolith-hosted ion-adsorption deposits, have unique magnetic properties that are key for motor efficiency. Future demand for these elements is expected to increase significantly over the next decades, potentially outpacing expected mine production. Therefore, to ensure a successful energy transition, efforts must prioritize addressing substantial challenges in the supply of critical minerals, particularly the delays in exploring and mining new resources to meet growing demands. ▪ The energy transition relies on green technologies needing a secure, sustainable supply of critical minerals sourced from ore deposits worldwide. ▪ Copper, nickel, cobalt, lithium, and rare earth elements are geologically restricted in occurrence, posing challenges for extraction and availability. ▪ Future demand is expected to surge in the next decades, requiring unprecedented production rates to make the green energy transition viable.

Abbreviation	Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci.
Journal Impact	11.45
Quartiles(Global)	GEOSCIENCES, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q1)

ISSN	0084-6597, 1545-4495
h-index	178

Publication Information	Publisher: Annual Reviews Inc.，Publishing cycle: Annual，Journal Type: book-series，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1978，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.90%， Gold OA Rate: 41.10%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：约稿?周期不定
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约稿形式

Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences

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