​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​​被所有顶级临床医生和研究人员阅读，AIDS 在所有与 AIDS 相关的期刊中影响力最高。 AIDS 每年出版 18 期，保证以权威方式展示重大进展。编辑们本身就是著名的国际专家，他们了解您的工作需求，他们致力于使 AIDS 成为该领域最杰出和最具创新性的期刊。提交的文章将由编辑进行初步审查。有些文章可能会在没有进一步考虑的情况下退回给作者。那些被考虑出版的人将接受编辑的进一步评估和同行评审，以及那些被邀请从审稿人库中这样做的人。

AIDS is the most influential journal among all journals related to AIDS, widely read by top clinicians and researchers. The journal publishes 18 issues annually, aiming to present significant advancements in an authoritative manner. The editorial team consists of internationally recognized experts who understand the needs of researchers and strive to make AIDS the most distinguished and innovative journal in the field. All submitted articles will undergo an initial review by the editors, and some may be returned to authors without further consideration. Articles that are considered for publication will undergo further evaluation by the editors and peer review, conducted by invited reviewers.

《AIDS》是所有与艾滋病相关的期刊中影响力最高的期刊，受到顶级临床医生和研究人员的广泛阅读。该期刊每年出版18期，致力于以权威的方式展示重大进展。编辑团队由国际知名专家组成，他们了解研究者的需求，努力使《AIDS》成为该领域最杰出和最具创新性的期刊。所有提交的文章将经过编辑的初步审查，部分文章可能会在没有进一步考虑的情况下退回给作者。那些被考虑出版的文章将接受编辑的进一步评估和同行评审，评审工作将由邀请的审稿人进行。

AIDS

Objective: To describe incidence of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) and its association with mortality in a large multisite US HIV-infected cohort applying an objective, comprehensive definition. Design: We studied 2 610 patients seen during 1996–2007 who initiated or resumed highly active combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) and, during the next 6 months, demonstrated a decline in plasma HIV-RNA viral load of at least 0.5 log10 copies/ml or an increase of at least 50% in CD4 cell count per microliter. We defined IRIS as the diagnosis of a type B or C condition [as per the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) 1993 AIDS case definition] or any new mucocutaneous disorder during this same 6-month period. Methods: We assessed the incidence of IRIS and evaluated risk factors for IRIS using conditional logistic regression and for all-cause mortality using proportional hazards models. Results: We identified 370 cases of IRIS (in 276 patients). Median and nadir CD4 cell counts at cART initiation were 90 and 43 cells/μl, respectively; median viral load was 2.7 log10 copies/ml. The most common IRIS-defining diagnoses were candidiasis (all forms), cytomegalovirus infection, disseminated Mycobacterium avium intracellulare, Pneumocystis pneumonia, varicella zoster, Kaposi's sarcoma and non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Only one case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis was observed. IRIS was independently associated with CD4 cell count less than 50 cells/μl vs. at least 200 cells/μl [odds ratio (OR) 5.0] and a viral load of at least 5.0 log10 copies vs. less than 4.0 log10 copies (OR 2.3). IRIS with a type B-defining or type C-defining diagnosis approximately doubled the risk for all-cause mortality. Conclusion: In this large US-based HIV-infected cohort, IRIS occurred in 10.6% of patients who responded to effective ART and contributed to increased mortality.

Richard M. Novak

James T. Richardson

Kate Buchacz

Joan S. Chmiel

Marcus D. Durham

Frank J. Palella

Andrea Wendrow

Kathy Wood

Benjamin Young

John T. Brooks

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

免疫重建炎症综合征

The clinical presentation of acute liver failure and hepatic encephalopathy (HE) in patients with cirrhosis differs significantly. The most serious neurological complication of acute liver failure is the development of devastating brain oedema. Therefore, intracranial pressure monitoring is urgently needed in these patients. Brain oedema is amplified by hypoglycemia, hypoxia and seizures, which are also frequent complications of acute liver failure. Therefore, these parameters must also be monitored. In contrast to acute liver failure in which cerebral dysfunction progresses rapidly, cognitive decline may be clinically undetectable for a long time in cirrhotic patients, until clinically overt symptoms such as psychomotor slowing, disorientation, confusion, extrapyramidal and cerebellar symptoms or a decrease in consciousness occur. Clinically, overt HE is preceded by minimal alterations of cerebral function that can only be detected by neuropsychological or neurophysiological measures, but which nevertheless interfere with the patient's daily living. Rapidly progressing spastic paraparesis (hepatic myelopathy) is a rare complication of cirrhosis. In contrast to HE, it does not respond to blood ammonia lowering therapies but must be considered as an indication for urgent liver transplantation. Cognitive dysfunction has recently been detected in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients with normal liver function. The patients presented with severe fatigue, cognitive dysfunction and mood disorders. Alterations in brain metabolites, as detected by magnetic resonance spectroscopy, indicated central nervous system alteration in these patients. In contrast to patients with HE, HCV-infected patients did not show motor symptoms or deficits in visual perception, but considerable deficits in attention and concentration ability.

Karin Weissenborn

Martin Bokemeyer

Jochen Krause

Jochen Ennen

Björn Ahl

Neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with liver disease

肝病相关神经和神经精神综合征

Objective: We developed Healthy Families-PrEP to support perinatal women to use HIV prevention strategies. Design: Single arm study to evaluate PrEP use among pregnant women exposed to the intervention. Methods: We offered safer conception counselling including TDF/FTC as PrEP with adherence support (Healthy Families-PrEP) for women planning for pregnancy in South Africa with a partner with HIV or unknown serostatus. Women completed pregnancy and HIV testing quarterly and were followed for one year or until pregnancy end. For those initiating PrEP, electronic pillcap data and plasma were collected. We described PrEP adherence by proportion of days with pillcap openings and proportion of women with detected (≥10ng/mL) plasma tenofovir. Results: From November 2017 to January 2020, 326 women with median age 24 (IQR: 22–27) years enrolled. Partner HIV-serostatus was unknown by 316 (97%). Over 3,204 person-months of follow-up, 56 women became pregnant. Twenty-six women used PrEP during pregnancy and opened pillcaps on a mean of 53.1% (95% CI 46.9–59.3%) of days. Plasma tenofovir was detected among 25.0%, 15.4%, and 12.5% of women providing samples during months 0–3, 4–6, and 7–9. No HIV seroconversions were observed. Conclusions: We observed low pregnancy incidence. Counselling may have encouraged delayed pregnancy plans; some women may have exaggerated pregnancy plans to enroll. About half of pregnant women used PrEP and took over half of doses by pillcap. Fewer than 25% had tenofovir detected, likely reflecting pregnancy-related pharmacokinetics and adherence challenges. High interest in pregnancy PrEP use highlights the need to optimize adherence support and prevention choice.

Lynn T. Matthews

Katia J. Bruxvoort

Manjeetha Jaggernath

Yolandie Kriel

Patricia M. Smith

Jessica E. Haberer

John Bassler

Kara Bennett

Christina Psaros

David R. Bangsberg

Kathleen Wirth Hurwitz

Jennifer A. Smit

Use of tenofovir-based PrEP among pregnant women in South Africa

南非孕妇使用基于替诺福韦的暴露前预防（PrEP）情况

Background: People living with HIV (PLHIV) often exhibit reduced CD4+ T cell counts and altered CD4/CD8 ratios, but their impact on fragility fractures remains underexplored. This study investigated the association between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fragility fractures in PLHIV in China. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted on PLHIV treated at Beijing Ditan Hospital from January 2011 to September 2023. Data on demographics, clinical status, and bone mineral density were collected. Fragility fractures were identified through medical records. Multivariate Cox regression was used to assess the relationship between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fracture risk, with restricted cubic splines (RCS) applied to explore potential nonlinear associations. Subgroup analyses evaluated the consistency of these findings. Results: The study included 1,107 participants (median age 37 years, 92.6% male). The median CD4 count was 547 cells/μL, and the median CD4/CD8 ratio was 0.7. Fragility fractures occurred in 185 participants (16.7%). Lower CD4 counts (&lt;200 cells/μL) were associated with a higher risk of fractures (aHR = 2.78; 95% CI: 1.66–4.65; p &lt; 0.001), as were lower CD4/CD8 ratios (&lt;0.5) (aHR = 3.43; 95% CI: 2.16–5.44; p &lt; 0.001). RCS indicated a curvilinear association, with increased fracture risk at CD4/CD8 ratios below 1.16. Subgroup analyses confirmed the stability of these associations. Conclusion: Lower CD4 counts and CD4/CD8 ratios are linked to an increased risk of fragility fractures in PLHIV, underscoring the importance of immune function in bone health.

Bo Liu

Qiang Zhang

Association between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fragility fractures in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study in China

中国HIV感染者CD4计数、CD4/CD8比值与脆性骨折的关联：一项回顾性队列研究

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of combination nicotine replacement therapy (c-NRT) for smoking cessation among people with HIV (PWH) in South Africa. Design: We conducted an open label, individually randomized clinical trial. Methods: Using a two-armed approach, PWH who smoke were randomized to receive either 1) intensive anti-smoking behavioral counseling (BC) or 2) intensive anti-smoking BC plus c-NRT (nicotine patches augmented by nicotine gum). Self-reported smoking abstinence was biochemically validated with exhaled breath carbon monoxide (CO) and urine cotinine at six months. Recruitment, provision of trial interventions, and follow-up of participants took place March 2014 through June 2016. Results: We randomly assigned 280 participants to the BC arm and 281 participants to the BC + c-NRT arm. 438 (78%) participants were male and 123 (22%) were female. For our primary outcome of biochemically verified abstinence at six months, 41 (15%) were quit in the BC + c-NRT arm versus 28 (10%) in the BC arm, resulting in a 5% (95% CI -1%, 10%) absolute difference in relative risk and an adjusted odd ratio of 1.47 (95% CI: 0.86, 2.52) comparing the BC + c-NRT to the BC arm. Conclusions: Although our results did not reach statistical significance, we found augmentation of BC with c-NRT to increase smoking abstinence at six months, which is consistent with performance in the general population. PWH in low-resource settings may benefit from the addition of c-NRT to existing tobacco cessation interventions.

Jessica L. Elf

Limakatso Lebina

Katlego Motlhaoleng

Sandy Chon

Raymond Niaura

David Abrams

Ebrahim Variava

Nikhil Gupte

Neil Martinson

Jonathan E. Golub

A randomized trial for combination nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation among people with HIV in a low-resourced setting

一项关于在资源匮乏环境中为HIV感染者提供联合尼古丁替代疗法以戒烟效果的随机试验

Objective: To estimate the influence of bursts of rapid HIV transmission on future transmission and describe populations affected by transmission bursts. Design: Phylogenetic analysis of US National HIV Surveillance System data. Methods: Time-scaled phylogenetic trees were inferred for six geographic regions using sequences from persons with HIV (PWH) with diagnoses of HIV infection 2014–2019. Transmission bursts were defined as ≥3 adjacent inferred transmission events in the phylogeny during a detection period. We calculated the relative contribution of transmission bursts 2015–2016 to transmission 2017–2019 compared with non-bursts. Then, we detected bursts within any sliding 2-year period 2014–2019 and assessed descriptive associations of characteristics of individuals involved with or descended from transmission bursts using univariate risk ratios. Results: The 5.6% of phylogenetic lineages involved in transmission bursts 2015–2016 contributed to 14.9% of inferred transmission events 2017–2019. The relative contribution of lineages involved in transmission bursts to future transmission was 2.94 times that of lineages not involved in bursts. Younger age at diagnosis, self-identification as transgender or an additional gender identity, or as a cisgender man, male-to-male sexual contact, injection drug use, or male-to-male sexual contact and injection drug use, and diagnosis during acute or early infection were most strongly associated with involvement in or descendance from transmission bursts. Conclusions: Transmission bursts contribute disproportionately to future HIV transmission, underscoring the value of detecting and responding to rapid transmission to reduce incidence. Bursts of rapid transmission may also contribute to enduring disparities in incidence among some key populations.

Rachael M. Billock

Anne Marie France

Neeraja Saduvala

Nivedha Panneer

Camden J. Hallmark

Joel O. Wertheim

Alexandra M. Oster

Contribution of HIV transmission bursts to future HIV infections, United States

HIV传播爆发对未来HIV感染的贡献，美国

Van Zyl, Gert U.; Jennings, Lauren; Rabie, Helena; Orrell, Catherine Author Information

Gert U. Van Zyl

Lauren Jennings

Helena Rabie

Catherine Orrell

Dolutegravir regimens have transformed treatment but ongoing drug resistance research is required to maintain success

多替拉韦治疗方案已改变治疗格局，但持续的药物耐药性研究对保持成功至关重要

Background: People with HIV (PWH) have benefited greatly from antiretroviral therapy, but face additional challenges from age-related comorbid conditions, particularly cardiovascular disease including venous thromboembolism (VTE). Little is known about the effect of HIV viremia and immunodeficiency on VTE risk in this population. Methods: We assessed incident, centrally adjudicated VTE among 21,507 PWH in care between 1/2009–12/2019 within the Centers for AIDS Research Network of Integrated Clinical Systems (CNICS) cohort. We examined the association of three measures of HIV viral load (VL: baseline, current, cumulative) and current CD4 count with VTE. Cumulative VL (copy-days of viremia) was estimated with a time-weighted sum using the trapezoidal rule. We modeled the association between VL and VTE using Cox proportional hazards models (marginal structural Cox models for cumulative), adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics. We compared the 75 th percentile of the VL distribution with the 25 th percentile using the hazard function from the model for all PWH with a VTE and those with a pulmonary embolism (PE). Results: During a median of 4.8 years of follow-up, 424 PWH developed VTE. In adjusted analyses, higher cumulative VL (75 th percentile vs. 25 th percentile), the strongest VL predictor, was associated with a 1.45-fold higher risk of VTE (95%CI:1.22–1.72). Low CD4 cell count &lt;100 cells/mm 3 was associated with higher VTE risk (HR: 4.03, 95%CI: 2.76–5.89) as compared to ≥500 cells/mm 3 . Findings were similar for PWH who had a pulmonary embolism (n = 189). Conclusions: Reducing HIV VL and maintaining CD4 cell count may help mitigate VTE risk in PWH.

Stephanie A. Ruderman

Robin M. Nance

Heidi M. Crane

Edward Cachay

Mari M. Kitahata

Sonia Napravnik

Bridget M. Whitney

Susan R. Heckbert

Engi F. Attia

Chris T. Longenecker

Alexander P. Hoffmann

Matthew J. Budoff

Jimmy Ma

Katerina Christopoulos

Peter W. Hunt

Richard D. Moore

Jeanne C. Keruly

Greer Burkholder

Laura Bamford

Amanda L. Willig

Geetanjali Chander

Michael S. Saag

Lydia N. Drumright

Matthew J. Feinstein

Kristina Crothers

Joseph AC. Delaney

Cumulative HIV viral load and lower CD4 cell count are associated with incident venous thromboembolism in people with HIV

累积HIV病毒载量和较低的CD4细胞计数与HIV感染者静脉血栓栓塞事件的发生相关

Abbreviation	AIDS.
Journal Impact	3.50
Quartiles(Global)	VIROLOGY(Q3)

ISSN	0269-9370, 1473-5571
h-index	230

Publication Information	Publisher: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins，Publishing cycle: Semimonthly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1987，Proportion of original research papers: 98.68%，Self Citation Rate:5.90%， Gold OA Rate: 23.31%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：平均1月
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：约50%

AIDS

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Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Neurological and neuropsychiatric syndromes associated with liver disease

Use of tenofovir-based PrEP among pregnant women in South Africa

Association between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fragility fractures in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study in China

A randomized trial for combination nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation among people with HIV in a low-resourced setting

Contribution of HIV transmission bursts to future HIV infections, United States

Dolutegravir regimens have transformed treatment but ongoing drug resistance research is required to maintain success

Cumulative HIV viral load and lower CD4 cell count are associated with incident venous thromboembolism in people with HIV

Use of tenofovir-based PrEP among pregnant women in South Africa

Association between CD4 count, CD4/CD8 ratio, and fragility fractures in people living with HIV: a retrospective cohort study in China