Canadian journal of biochemistry and physiology

Serial determinations of total serum glycoprotein, seromucoid hexose, total serum protein and antibody levels were carried out in four groups of adult, male albino rabbits subjected to the following experimental procedures: (a) 400 r whole body X-irradiation, (b) immunization with 10 mg I 131 BSA, (c) irradiation followed by antigen injection 24 hours later, and (d) bleeding controls. The dose of radiation employed suppressed the antibody response of (c). Significant increases in total glycoprotein and seromucoid hexose occurred 24 hours after exposure in the irradiated groups and persisted for 4 days. Pronounced decreases in total protein were observed in (a), (b), and (c). It was concluded that increases in serum glycoproteins were related primarily to tissue injury.

Henry E. Weimer

Marvin B. Rittenberg

Eric L. Nelson

Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology

THE SERUM GLYCOPROTEIN RESPONSE FOLLOWING X-IRRADIATION AND PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION IN THE RABBIT

兔经X射线照射及初次免疫后的血清糖蛋白反应

In previous experiments, the inhalation of aluminum or iron oxide submicronic particles was shown to possess strong constricting properties, using the method of volume–pressure curves with atelectatic guinea pig lung. The constricting effect of aluminum was prevented by cyproheptadine, an antihistaminic and antiserotonin substance. In the present experiments, determinations of serotonin and histamine in dust-treated lungs were undertaken; the content of serotonin and of histamine was found to be increased after aluminum and after iron oxide particle inhalation respectively. Serotonin and histamine given as aerosols to guinea pigs reproduced the characteristic volume–pressure curves obtained after aluminum or iron oxide microparticle inhalation, respectively.

Eugène Robillard

Yves Alarie

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND HISTAMINE AND SEROTONIN CONTENT OF GUINEA PIG LUNGS AS INFLUENCED BY MICROPARTICLES INHALATION

吸入微粒对豚鼠肺部力学特性及组胺和血清素含量的影响

The cellular elements of blood obtained from birds with virus-induced erythroblastosis rapidly incorporated radioactivity when incubated in vitro with Fe 59 Cl 3 . This effect was not seen until primitive red cells entered the circulating blood. Little of the iron that was incorporated reached heme. Instead most of it was retained by a heat-resistant component which was precipitable with 35% ammonium sulphate and had properties suggestive of a ferritin-like substance. Plasma from leukemic blood had a slight promoting effect on incorporation of Fe 59 into normal blood cells in vitro when compared with normal plasma.Blood cells from birds in which the bone marrow was rendered hyperactive with phenylhydrazine also incorporated Fe 59 in vitro, a large proportion of this reaching heme. Incorporation into the heme fraction was also observed in blood cells from erythroblastosis-infected birds treated with phenylhydrazine, indicating that heme synthesis was not completely blocked in these birds.

R. Bather

Stella Dzuibalo

C. le Q. Darcel

IN VITRO UPTAKE OF Fe<sup>59</sup>BY BLOOD CELLS FROM NORMAL BIRDS AND BIRDS WITH ERYTHROBLASTOSIS

正常鸟类和红细胞增多症鸟类血细胞对Fe<sup>59</sup>的体外摄取

Splenectomized as well as intact mice responded to the injection of live Mycobacterium phlei Halpern with bimodal reticuloendothelial hyperfunction as measured by the intravascular clearance of colloidal carbon. The first stimulation persisted longer in splenectomized mice and the second stimulation endured longer in intact mice. Liver hyperplasia and lung inflammation were more severe after splenectomy, and made evident the manner in which the operated mice attempted to compensate for the extirpated organ. The phagocytic indices and histological findings indicate that the spleen suppresses the phagocytic activity of the liver and protects it from pathological change.

Frederick J. Di Carlo

Albert Meli

Lloyd J. Haynes

William L. Honrath

William F. Lucker

Nancy J. Sliver

EFFECT OF SPLENECTOMY ON BIMODAL RES STIMULATION ELICITED IN MICE BY MYCOBACTERIUM PHLEI

脾切除对分支杆菌刺激小鼠引起的双峰呼吸反应的影响

Prolyl-RNA (prolyl ribonucleic acid) synthetase has been purified 30-fold from a 105,000 × g supernatant of a rat liver homogenate by precipitation at pH 5.0, heat treatment at 55 °C for 3.0 minutes in the presence of 1.0 mM ATP (adenosine triphosphate), and by ammonium sulphate fractionation. The enzyme catalyzed proline-dependent ATP- 32 PP (PP, inorganic pyrophosphate) exchange and the formation of prolyl hydroxamate and of prolyl-RNA. Although the enzyme did not catalyze the formation of hydroxyprolyl-RNA, it catalyzed a slight hydroxyproline-dependent ATP- 32 PP exchange and the formation of a small amount of hydroxyprolyl hydroxamate which was much less than the amount of prolyl hydroxamate formed under the same conditions. The enzyme is thus not quite specific for proline activation, but is specific for amino acyl-RNA formation. It is probably concerned in protein biosynthesis.In the proline-dependent ATP- 32 PP exchange reaction the enzyme showed optimum activity in the pH range 6.2–8.2 and no activity at pH 5.0. The apparent K m for proline in this reaction was found to be 0.43 mM. Mg ++ was required for activity. Prolyl-RNA formation was optimal at pH 8.0. The apparent K m for proline in this reaction was found to be 2.5 μM. The effects of some proline analogues on proline activation were studied. Hydroxyproline and thioproline were found to inhibit both proline-dependent ATP- 32 PP exchange and prolyl-RNA formation. Thioproline was a competitive inhibitor of the exchange reaction and showed a K I of 0.95 mM. Pyrrolidone carboxylate had no appreciable effect on proline activation.

M. J. Fraser

D. B. Klass

PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF PROLYL-RNA SYNTHETASE OF RAT LIVER

大鼠肝脏脯氨酰-RNA合成酶的部分纯化及其性质

H. McLennan

INTRODUCTION

引言

Twenty-one quaternary ammonium salts of cholinolytic drugs have been assessed for potency against Sarin poisoning in mice and rats in a treatment using N-methylpyridinium-2-aldoxime methanesulphonate (P-2-S) as a reactivating oxime. Compounds examined included the methylbromides of six cholinolytics of known effectiveness and eight N-alkylbromides of Parpanit. An attempt was also made to assess the effect of different anions in both tertiary and quaternary salts of atropine and Parpanit.None of the quaternary salts exceeded the potency of atropine sulphate by a factor greater than 1.5 in trials with rats when the compounds were examined in combination with P-2-S, although similar tests in mice showed Trasentin methylbromide and Parpanit n-propylbromide to be more than 1.5 times as active as atropine sulphate. In trials where the compounds were used in conjunction with atropine sulphate and P-2-S, 10 raised the activity of atropine in mice by a factor exceeding 1.5, with the highest value (3.6) being obtained with Parpanit methylmethanesulphonate while in the rat trials 16 quaternaries were effective, the greatest increase (7.5-fold) being obtained with Parpanit benzylbromide.No conclusion on the relative effectiveness of quaternary salts versus their tertiary counterparts could be reached since protective capacity of the quaternary salts altered with the species used, the nature of the test, the cholinolytic, the type of alkyl group introduced, and, at least in the case of Parpanit, depended upon the nature of the anionic group present.

I. W. Coleman

P. E. Little

R. A. B. Bannard

CHOLINOLYTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING: III. THE EFFECTS OF QUATERNIZATION AND ALTERATION OF ANIONIC FUNCTION ON THE POTENCY OF CHOLINOLYTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF SARIN POISONING

抗胆碱酯酶中毒治疗中的胆碱酯酶抑制剂：III. 季铵化和阴离子功能改变对治疗沙林中毒的胆碱酯酶抑制剂效力的影响

In diabetic rats the concentration of glucose in the liver was less than in the plasma. The relative accumulation of glucose in the liver cell after the injection of insulin was also found to be significantly less in previously untreated diabetic than in normal rats. Pretreatment with insulin restored the response to normal. Experiments with labeled glucose indicated that the rate at which glucose is carried through the hepatic cell membrane is very high compared to the rate at which glucose is being formed in the liver cells in diabetic rats. The relatively small amount of glucose accumulating after insulin in livers of diabetic rats originates from the plasma. In adrenalectomized rats which have very little liver glycogen, the relative accumulation of glucose in liver cells, following the injection of insulin, was less than that in normals. These experiments indicate that in normal rats a large part of the glucose retained in the liver after the injection of insulin originates from non-labeled endogenous hepatic sources, presumably glycogen.

G. Hetenyi Jr.

F. K. Kopstick

L. J. Retelstorf

THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF GLUCOSE BETWEEN THE BLOOD PLASMA AND THE LIVER IN ALLOXAN-DIABETIC AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

胰岛素对四氧嘧啶糖尿病和肾上腺切除大鼠血液血浆与肝脏之间葡萄糖分布的影响

A comparison is drawn between the effects produced by acetylcholine electrophoretically applied to Renshaw cells of the spinal cord and to thalamic and other neurones.

David R. Curtis

ACETYLCHOLINE AS A CENTRAL TRANSMITTER

乙酰胆碱作为中枢神经递质

A procedure is described for retaining bovine plasma Ac-globulin activity as one part of the protein from plasma for every 1000 parts removed. The yields averaged 15%. The procedure involves removal of prothrombin with barium carbonate, isoelectric fractionation, fractionation with ammonium sulphate, chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50, and a second fractionation with ammonium sulphate. The procedure requires 2 days; however, the first day completes up to chromatography and the concentrate at that time is quite useful for many purposes. It is more stable than the product obtained after chromatography and the yields are higher. In absence of salts Ac-globulin is quite insoluble at pH 5.0. The final product usually contained some impurity. With the analytical ultra-centrifuge the S 20 in 0.1 M potassium chloride solution was found to be 4.2 at a protein concentration of 12.4 mg/ml. The specific activity was 1500 U./mg dry weight. Bovine plasma contains 120 U./ml or about 9 mg/100 ml. Assuming the same specific activity for human plasma the concentration is most likely near 1 mg/100 ml. The best stability conditions found were: 50% glycerol, pH 7.0, and 0.1 M calcium chloride. Under those conditions at room temperature all activity was retained 6 to 7 hours, at refrigerator temperature 24 hours, and at −60 °C for 1 month. In rabbits, antibodies were readily produced. Oxidizing agents destroyed the activity, while reducing agents did not, nor did they tend to stabilize. SH blocking agents destroyed the activity. The loss of activity in the presence of 0.0025 M parachloromercuribenzoate was recovered with 0.04 M cysteine. The molecule deteriorated while attempts were made to obtain physical chemical data; consequently, the molecular weight was calculated from an amino acid analysis and found to be 98,800. The reliability of this value is problematical. Human plasma was analyzed and found to contain 13 U./ml Ac-globulin. After 4 days storage, at room temperature, the prolonged prothrombin time of that plasma was completely restored with 13 units of Ac-globulin, which is equivalent to 8 μg.

出版信息	出版商: National Research Council of Canada，出版周期: ，期刊类型: journal，开源期刊: 否
基本数据	创刊年份: 1954，原创研究文献占比: ，自引率:， Gold OA占比:

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THE SERUM GLYCOPROTEIN RESPONSE FOLLOWING X-IRRADIATION AND PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION IN THE RABBIT

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND HISTAMINE AND SEROTONIN CONTENT OF GUINEA PIG LUNGS AS INFLUENCED BY MICROPARTICLES INHALATION

IN VITRO UPTAKE OF Fe⁵⁹BY BLOOD CELLS FROM NORMAL BIRDS AND BIRDS WITH ERYTHROBLASTOSIS

EFFECT OF SPLENECTOMY ON BIMODAL RES STIMULATION ELICITED IN MICE BY MYCOBACTERIUM PHLEI

PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF PROLYL-RNA SYNTHETASE OF RAT LIVER

INTRODUCTION

CHOLINOLYTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING: III. THE EFFECTS OF QUATERNIZATION AND ALTERATION OF ANIONIC FUNCTION ON THE POTENCY OF CHOLINOLYTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF SARIN POISONING

THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF GLUCOSE BETWEEN THE BLOOD PLASMA AND THE LIVER IN ALLOXAN-DIABETIC AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

ACETYLCHOLINE AS A CENTRAL TRANSMITTER

PROPERTIES OF BOVINE Ac-GLOBULIN CONCENTRATES AND METHODS OF PREPARATION

Canadian journal of biochemistry and physiology

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THE SERUM GLYCOPROTEIN RESPONSE FOLLOWING X-IRRADIATION AND PRIMARY IMMUNIZATION IN THE RABBIT

MECHANICAL PROPERTIES AND HISTAMINE AND SEROTONIN CONTENT OF GUINEA PIG LUNGS AS INFLUENCED BY MICROPARTICLES INHALATION

IN VITRO UPTAKE OF Fe59BY BLOOD CELLS FROM NORMAL BIRDS AND BIRDS WITH ERYTHROBLASTOSIS

EFFECT OF SPLENECTOMY ON BIMODAL RES STIMULATION ELICITED IN MICE BY MYCOBACTERIUM PHLEI

PARTIAL PURIFICATION AND PROPERTIES OF PROLYL-RNA SYNTHETASE OF RAT LIVER

INTRODUCTION

CHOLINOLYTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF ANTICHOLINESTERASE POISONING: III. THE EFFECTS OF QUATERNIZATION AND ALTERATION OF ANIONIC FUNCTION ON THE POTENCY OF CHOLINOLYTICS IN THE TREATMENT OF SARIN POISONING

THE EFFECT OF INSULIN ON THE DISTRIBUTION OF GLUCOSE BETWEEN THE BLOOD PLASMA AND THE LIVER IN ALLOXAN-DIABETIC AND ADRENALECTOMIZED RATS

ACETYLCHOLINE AS A CENTRAL TRANSMITTER

PROPERTIES OF BOVINE Ac-GLOBULIN CONCENTRATES AND METHODS OF PREPARATION

IN VITRO UPTAKE OF Fe⁵⁹BY BLOOD CELLS FROM NORMAL BIRDS AND BIRDS WITH ERYTHROBLASTOSIS