Appita Journal publishes peer reviewed, original manuscripts related to the pulp, paper, packaging and bioproduct industries and associated fields.

The Appita Journal is a peer-reviewed publication dedicated to publishing original research manuscripts related to the pulp, paper, packaging, and bioproduct industries and their associated fields.

《Appita Journal》是一本经过同行评审的期刊，专注于发布与纸浆、纸张、包装和生物产品行业及相关领域的原创研究论文。

Appita Journal

Chlorite delignification is well known as a fast, efficient, and selective laboratory method for delignifying pulp samples i.e. for removing the lignin without affecting the other components in the pulp. Less well known is the fact that this method can also be used to achieve pulp samples of high brightness in only one bleaching stage. Thus, bleaching becomes much simpler and can be performed more often. However, chlorite delignification should only take place under conditions appropriate to each type of pulp in order to obtain pulps with high brightness and/or high pulp viscosity. Some examples are given in this paper. Note that this method should only be used on a laboratory-scale and it is not suited to mill-scale bleaching, mainly due to the high chemical cost. It cannot be used for optimisation of bleaching stages or bleaching sequences but it is a good method to obtain pulp samples of high brightness for characterisation of for example, different cooking alternatives or different wood raw materials. It is also a good way to quickly obtain bleached pulp samples to be used as raw material for viscose or cellulose derivative preparation.

Arif Hussain

Ulf Germgard

Appita journal

Using Chlorite Delignification to Simplify Characterisation of Chemical Pulps

使用次氯酸钠脱木素简化化学纸浆的表征

The performance of a mill pressure filter was studied using refractometers. Four refractometers were used to obtain data at seven measurement points on the pressure filter after the digester in a brown stock washing line in a Finnish kraft pulp mill. The experiments were performed mainly with pine pulp, but due to mill production and time schedule constraints, birch pulp was used in some tests. Real-time displacement ratio values where calculated using refractometer data and the washer performance was optimised. The variables selected for the experiments were: the amount of wash liquid, pulp feed consistency, feed pressure, pulp production rate, feed pulp temperature, amount of vacuum filtrate, and seal bar distance from the drum. The results show that changes in the concentration of incoming flows to the washer can be detected on-line with real-time refractometer measurements. Refractometers can be also used as a tool for monitoring the operation and performance of pressure filters, as well making mechanical adjustments to the washer such as seal bar clearances.

Riku Kopra

Simo Karjalainen

Tapio Tirri

Olli Dahl

Optimisation of pressure filter performance using refractometer measurements - Mill investigations

使用折光仪测量优化压滤机性能 - 工厂研究

The stability of chlorate in pulp mill wastewaters was studied both in mill and laboratory scale. Chlorate, chlorite and chloride concentrations were compared at different process phases from three mills. The laboratory-scale experiment was carried out with pulp mill wastewater and biosludge using parallel batch activated sludge process units. The study confirmed that chlorate can be removed from ECF kraft pulp mill wastewaters under long enough anoxic conditions in the equalisation basin or at the beginning of the activated sludge process. A further observation was that chlorate can be removed with a semi-anoxic phase. According to laboratory-scale experiments the efficiency of chlorate removal in semi-anoxic conditions was found to be equal to that in the anoxic phase, in which the aeration of sludge was completely hindered.

Sakari Toivakainen

Timo Laukkanen

Heini Jokinen

Chlorate Reduction in Kraft Pulp Mill Wastewater Treatment Processes

氯酸盐还原在纸浆厂废水处理过程中的作用

Process integration (often known as pinch analysis) is a holistic or systems approach to process design and optimisation, which considers the interactions and interdependences between individual unit operations or process elements. Large reductions in both energy and water use in pulp and paper mills has been demonstrated using process integration techniques. A review of the current process integration techniques for energy and water reduction, with a focus on application to the pulp and paper industry is presented in this paper. The concurrent application of heat integration and water/mass integration analysis is discussed. Particular focus is given to published case studies. The integration of biorefineries into existing mills and the energy and water use implications is also receiving much attention and this development is also reviewed.

Martin John Atkins

Michael R.W. Walmsley

Andrew S. Morrison

James R. Neale

Process Integration in Pulp and Paper Mills for Energy and Water Reduction - a Review

纸浆和造纸厂中的过程集成以减少能源和水消耗——综述

The aim of this work was to investigate the mechanical and barrier properties of starch-based, low-weight coatings with a non-conventional hydrophobic clay filler commonly used in plastic industry. A commercial linerboard was coated with two different types of potato starch- based coatings; one based on a conventional oxidized starch, while the other on a hydrophobic modified starch. The coated linerboards were examined using scanning electron microscopy and characterised with respect to water absorption, water vapour transmission rate, glass transition temperature, tensile stiffness and wetting by water. The results obtained indicate that hydrophobically modified clay commonly used in the plastics industry may be used as a coating additive to improve liquid water and water vapour barrier properties of paper products.

Behudin Mesic

Christian Kugge

Lars Jarnstrom

Hydrophobic Clay in Starch-based Coatings

淀粉基涂层中的疏水粘土

It has been demonstrated in previous studies that carryover of dissolved organic matter to a following bleaching stage has a significant impact on the reactions in oxygen delignification and chlori ...

Caroline Wilke

Niclas Andersson

Impact of dissolved organic matter in hydrogen peroxide reinforced alkaline extraction stages

过氧化氢强化碱提取阶段中溶解有机物的影响

This paper presents the results of regression modelling undertaken to investigate the factors affecting colloidal stability of wood extractives from Pinus radiata. A factorial experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of process variables such as pH, soluble calcium, temperature, dissolved organic material on the colloidal stability of wood extractives at two different levels of wood extractives representative of the maximum and minimum levels in P.radiata extractives. Modelling of the total extractives resulted in poor predictive models. Modelling of the individual wood extracts was found to be more reliable with two way and three way interactions occurring between the process variables. Competing interactions between the process variables and the components were evident.

KR Stack

E Ngwenya

DE Richardson

TW Lewis

Colloidal stability of Pinus radiata wood extractives. Part 2: competing interactions between wood extractives and process variables determined from regression modelling

松树放射松木材提取物的胶体稳定性。第2部分：通过回归模型确定的木材提取物与工艺变量之间的相互竞争作用

Taking science to the commercial scale isn't easy. Many new technologies fail because of inabilities to run on a commercial scale. Often the laboratory processing conditions are not easily replicat...

Beko Mesic

Gunnar Forsgren

James H Johnston

Transferring science to industrial application: Challenges in running commercial trials

将科学转化为工业应用：运行商业试验的挑战

This paper presents the results of a study undertaken to investigate the interaction between the various key factors that have been identified to affect wood extractive colloid stability and pitch deposition of wood extractives released in thermomechanical pulp of Pinus radiata. These key factors are temperature, soluble calcium, pH, dissolved carbohydrates and wood extractive concentration and composition. Very little work has been undertaken to study the effect of composition and seasonal changes in Pinus radiata wood extractives on their colloidal stability and pitch deposition. Two different compositions of the wood extractives, representing the maximum and minimum in ester to acid ratio (EAR) that occur during the summer and winter periods, were investigated. The EAR of the extracts was found to significantly affect the wood extract colloidal properties. Low EAR (EAR = 0.31) extracts, typical of the summer period, were found to be more unstable and more susceptible to deposition and destabilisation by soluble calcium than higher EAR (EAR = 0.66) extracts, typical of the winter period. Complex interactions between the various process variables were found. In particular, the dissolved organic matter (DOM) level was found to cause both stabilisation and destabilisation depending on the concentration and the pH. This was more apparent in the higher EAR extract.

Publication Information	Publisher: Appita Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2016，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:N.A.， Gold OA Rate: 0.00%

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Using Chlorite Delignification to Simplify Characterisation of Chemical Pulps

Optimisation of pressure filter performance using refractometer measurements - Mill investigations

Chlorate Reduction in Kraft Pulp Mill Wastewater Treatment Processes

Process Integration in Pulp and Paper Mills for Energy and Water Reduction - a Review

Hydrophobic Clay in Starch-based Coatings

Impact of dissolved organic matter in hydrogen peroxide reinforced alkaline extraction stages

Colloidal stability of Pinus radiata wood extractives. Part 2: competing interactions between wood extractives and process variables determined from regression modelling

Transferring science to industrial application: Challenges in running commercial trials

Colloidal stability of Pinus radiata wood extractives Part 1: Effect of extractives composition and process variables

Impact of dissolved organic matter in hydrogen peroxide reinforced alkaline extraction stages