ASV 关注的论文涉及疾病预防、临床和内科、病理学、外科、流行病学、免疫学、诊断和治疗程序的各个方面，以及应用的生理学、生物化学、免疫化学、遗传学、细胞和分子生物学的基础研究到兽医领域并作为与公共卫生的接口。提交手稿意味着相同的作品尚未发表，也没有考虑在其他地方发表。稿件应首先在线提交给编辑。没有页面费用，只有提交费。

The journal "Acta Scientiae Veterinariae" focuses on papers covering various aspects of disease prevention, clinical and internal medicine, pathology, surgery, epidemiology, immunology, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. It also includes fundamental research in applied physiology, biochemistry, immunochemistry, genetics, cellular and molecular biology, aimed at applying these findings to veterinary practice and their interface with public health. Submitted manuscripts must be original works that have not been published elsewhere or considered for publication. Manuscripts should be submitted online to the editor first. There are no page charges, only a submission fee.

《Acta Scientiae Veterinariae》关注的论文涵盖了疾病预防、临床和内科、病理学、外科、流行病学、免疫学、诊断和治疗程序的各个方面。此外，还包括应用生理学、生物化学、免疫化学、遗传学、细胞和分子生物学的基础研究，旨在将这些领域的研究成果应用于兽医实践，并与公共卫生领域相结合。提交的手稿必须是未曾发表的作品，且不应考虑在其他地方发表。稿件应首先在线提交给编辑。期刊不收取页面费用，仅收取提交费。

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae

Background: The histiocytic sarcoma (HS) complex is a set of malignant neoplasms originating from interstitial dendritic cells or macrophages. When it involves macrophages of the splenic red pulp and bone marrow, it is referred to as hemophagocytic histiocytic sarcoma (HHS). HHS behaves more aggressively than HS and is usually fatal. HHS can be diagnosed by cytological and histopathological examination of neoplastic tissue. HHS is confirmed by immunohistochemistry using an anti-CD11d antibody. This neoplasm is often confused with immune-mediated hemolytic anemia or Evans syndrome due to erythrophagocytosis and platelet consumption. The clinical presentation of the animals progresses with evident anemia and thrombocytopenia, leading to signs such as prostration, inappetence, and pale mucosa, making diagnosis challenging and often late. This study aimed to report the clinic-pathological aspects of a canine with atypical hemophagocytic splenic HS.Case: A 4-year-old male Shih-Tzu canine was referred to the Veterinary Hospital with a history of prostration and anorexia. Pale mucous membranes were observed on physical examination. Blood tests revealed non-regenerative anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia. Serum protein levels were below the reference values for the species in biochemical examinations. Hemoparasitosis was suspected; however, the result of the polymerase chain reaction was negative. Abdominal ultrasound revealed a splenomegaly with heterogeneous parenchyma and a slightly irregular surface, but no visible mass in the spleen. Due to the difficulty of stabilizing the patient, even after successive transfusions, the animal underwent exploratory laparotomy with medial access and posterior splenectomy. Subsequently, the spleen was surgically removed, fixed in 10% buffered formalin, and processed routinely. Macroscopically, it had an irregular reddish-brown capsular surface. Histopathological examination of the spleen revealed a densely cellular neoplasm composed of round to spindle cells (histiocytes) arranged haphazardly in variably sized sheets separating the pre-existing spleen stroma. These histopathological findings were consistent with a histiocytic malignant neoplasm. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to better define the origin of the histiocytic neoplasm. Neoplastic cells showed positive immunostaining of more than 80% of tumor cells for the CD11d antibody and weak immunostaining for CD11c and lysozyme. The patient survived for less than 30 days after the first hospital visit.Discussion: The diagnosis of HHS was based on the histological characteristics and positive immunostaining of more than 80% of the tumor cells for the CD11d antibody. HHS is an extremely aggressive and rare tumor that affects elderly dogs of any breed. In this study, HHS had atypical histologic characteristics, in which erythrophagocytosis and hemosiderin were not observed within macrophages. HHSs arise from macrophages of the red pulp of the spleen or bone marrow and express the b2 integrin, CD11d, and have low expression of CD1 and CD11c, which are predominantly expressed by non-hemophagocytic HS. The hematological and biochemical changes observed in this case were similar to those described in other dogs with HHS. Treatment of HHS is only palliative. Erlichia ewingii, E. canis, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, A. platys, Borrelia burgdorferi, Dirofilaria immitis, Leishmania infantum and immune-mediated hemolytic anemia are the main differential diagnoses because they cause anemia and thrombocytopenia accompanied by splenomegaly.Keywords: histiocytic sarcoma, spleen, immunohistochemistry, splenectomy, erythrophagocytosis.

Heloize Stein

Mariana Pires Oliveira

Camila Serina Lasta

Juliana Eckert

Juliana Sesana Coradini

Letícia Engelhardt Luz

Emerson Antônio Contesini

Clairton Marcolongo Pereira

ACTA SCIENTIAE VETERINARIAE

Atypical Spleen Hemophagocytic Histiocytic Sarcoma in a Dog

犬非典型脾脏噬血性组织细胞肉瘤

Background: Coxofemoral dysplasia (CFD) is the abnormal development of the hip joint, mostly affecting large breeds, and is characterized by subluxation or complete luxation of the femoral head. Among the conservative therapeutic options, cell therapies with stem cells for CFD provides potential by the countless possibilities of therapeutic application, especially those related to the chronic and/or degenerative diseases treatment, which could be a key point for the bone and joint repair. The objective was to report a bilateral CFD case in a dog, treated with intra-articular application of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), with 0, 30, 60 and 90 days, and further evaluations. Case: A 2-year-old male Akita dog was referred to the Veterinary Hospital Harmonia (HVH) located in the city of Recife, Pernambuco, presenting clinical signs of hip pain, lameness and pelvic limbs hopping. By orthopedic examination, pain was observed at the cranial and caudal extension of the pelvic limb, and at flexion, abduction and adduction of the limb, as well as moderate muscle atrophy and presence of joint crackling. By coxofemoral radiography performed in ventrodorsal projection, it were detected bilateral femoral head subluxation, thickening of the femoral neck and the presence of intra-articular osteophytes. These findings are compatible with the degeneration caused by the presence of CFD. Laboratory tests performed such as hemogram and biochemical had no changes. Thus, the patient had intra-articular application of allogeneic MSC, derived from adipose tissue, obtained by private company. For stem cell applications, arthrocentesis of the hip joints was performed one at a time, using a 5 mL syringe and 16G needle for aspiration of 2 mL synovial fluid, for discard and application of stem cells. After aspiration, the syringe containing the MSC were fitted to the 16G needle for the implant. After the final procedure, the patient was moved to the internment division for anesthetic recovery. The animal was clinically assessed on days 0, 30, 60 and 90 following the criteria of locomotion and physical-orthopedic examination, in which the results were interpreted by a numerical scale. Discussion: For locomotion, there were differences for the pattern observed on days 0, 30, 60 and 90, with reduced claudication until walking without changes. There was also a decrease in the range of motion until limitations absent. For the parameters such as functional capacity and claudication at trot, there were reductions from the 30th day, promoting a slightly rigid gait, being noticeable when running. For the clinical parameters used in the physical-orthopedic evaluation, regarding the parameters analysis such as pain, caudal extension, cranial extension, internal rotation, abduction, and adduction, there were differences from the 30th day through pain reduction, remaining on the 60th and 90th days. Regarding the muscle atrophy, a difference was observed in the right pelvic limb on the 60th day, with moderate recovery. In addition, for the station tests and presence of joint crackling in the pelvic joint, there were no differences for the pattern during data collection regarding all evaluations. Those results allow inferring that MSC contributed to the CFD treatment, promoting the reduction of clinical signs and, consequently, providing a better life quality of the patient, which positively characterize it as a modality of treatment. Keywords: veterinary orthopedic, lameness, joint, genetic disease, degenerative disease. Título: Células-tronco mesenquimais para tratamento de displasia coxofemoral em cão Descritores: ortopedia veterinária, claudicação, articulação, doença genética, doença degenerativa.

Matheus Cândido Feitosa

Mariane Ubrik Guerrera

Jackson Oliveira Siqueira

Roseane Oliveira Feitosa

Anísio Francisco Soares

Marcelo Teixeira Weinstein

Mesenchymal Stem Cells for Treatment of Coxofemoral Dysplasia in a Dog

犬髋关节发育不良治疗中的间充质干细胞应用

Antecedentes : O desenvolvimento da Inseminação Artificial em Tempo Fixo (IATF), surgiu para reduzir os fatores que comprometem o sucesso na IA convencional. Porém, em média, 50% das fêmeas sincronizadas para IATF engravidam no primeiro atendimento pós-parto. Assim, o presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da pré-sincronização com P4 injetável sobre os parâmetros morfofuncionais foliculares e lúteos, bem como as taxas de fertilidade de fêmeas Nelore acíclicas e lactantes, submetidas a um programa de IATF. Materiais, Métodos e Resultados: Em um dia aleatório, denominado dia -10 (D -10), 42 fêmeas Nelore foram divididas aleatoriamente em dois tratamentos: Grupo P4i (n=23) – 150 mg de progesterona injetável de longa ação foram administrado por via intramuscular (IM) e Grupo Controle (n=19) – foi administrado 1 mL de solução salina IM. No dia zero (D0), foi inserido dispositivo intravaginal contendo 1,0 g de progesterona, associado à aplicação de 2,0 mg de benzoato de estradiol por via intramuscular (IM). No oitavo dia (D8) foi realizada a retirada dos dispositivos intravaginais de progesterona, os animais receberam 500 μg de cloprostenol sódico (IM), 300 UI de gonadotrofina coriônica e 1mg de cipionato de estradiol (IM). As avaliações do diâmetro folicular (FOLD), da área da parede folicular (FOLA), da área de perfusão sanguínea da parede folicular (FOLV) e da porcentagem de vascularização na área folicular (%FOLV) foram realizadas no D10 do protocolo de sincronização , por ultrassonografia modo B e Doppler colorido, antes da realização das inseminações artificiais. As avaliações do diâmetro lúteo (CLD), da área lútea total (CLA) e da área de perfusão sanguínea CL (CLV), e da porcentagem de vascularização na área do corpo lúteo (%CLV) e da taxa de ovulação foram realizadas no D23. O diagnóstico de gravidez foi realizado por ultrassonografia transretal em D40, utilizando transdutor linear de 5,0MHz. Os dados foram processados ​​pelo Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS, versão 19) 2 com nível de significância de 5%. O Grupo Controle apresentou valores médios de FOLD, FOLA, FOLV e %FOLV equivalentes aos valores apresentados pelo Grupo P4i, não sendo observada diferença significativa entre os grupos. Na avaliação dos parâmetros morfofuncionais do corpo lúteo (CL), foram encontradas médias semelhantes de CLD, CLA, CLV e %CLV para os grupos Controle e P4i, não sendo observada diferença significativa entre os dados. Quanto à taxa de ovulação, o grupo controle apresentou 84,2% e o grupo P4i 87,0%, sem diferença entre eles (P&gt;0,05). A taxa de concepção foi de 36,8% no grupo controle e 50,0% no grupo P4i. Apesar da diferença numérica positiva encontrada na taxa de concepção do grupo P4i, não houve diferença estatística entre as variáveis ​​analisadas. Discussão: As características morfofuncionais foliculares e lúteas e a taxa de ovulação encontradas neste experimento não foram afetadas pela pré-sincronização com P4i antes do início do protocolo de sincronização da ovulação para IATF, mostrando-se semelhantes aos resultados encontrados por outros autores, uma vez que foi levantada a hipótese que a pré-sincronização com progesterona injetável em mulheres em anestro poderia causar sensibilização ao estrogênio na região médio-basal do hipotálamo e permitir o restabelecimento do padrão de secreção de GnRH e pulsatilidade de LH, favorecendo consequentemente o crescimento folicular e a ovulação, com a formação de maior tamanho do CL, favorecendo o estabelecimento da gestação e o aumento das taxas de fertilidade. Conclui-se que a pré-sincronização com progesterona injetável dez dias antes do início do protocolo de sincronização para IATF não foi capaz de influenciar os parâmetros morfofuncionais foliculares e lúteos e a taxa de ovulação, porém houve aumento numérico na taxa de concepção para o grupo P4i .

Wendel Denian Silva dos Santos

Maria Antônia Moreira Maciel

Raquel Gomes do Amaral

Artur Azevedo Menezes

Marcus Vinícius Galvão Loiola

Rodrigo Freitas Bittencourt

Antonio De Lisboa Ribeiro Filho

Tiago Oliveira Brandão

Alexandra Soares Rodrigues

Pré-Sincronização com Progesterona em Fêmeas Nelore Submetidas a um Protocolo Sincronização da Ovulação

尼洛尔雌性牛在排卵同步化方案中使用孕酮进行预同步化的研究

Background: Ureteroscopy allows visualization of urethral segments, bladder, and ureteral endings, aiding diagnosis and intervention in various conditions not always evident with other imaging methods. Equine ureteroscopy diagnoses urinary tract diseases like lithiasis, infection, neoplasia, or hematuria. Cystoscopic examination enables targeted interventions like ureteral sampling, bladder biopsy, and urolith fragment removal. This study outlines a technique using flexible retrograde endoscopy in mares, with air insufflation facilitating examination of the ureters and renal pelvis. Materials, Methods &amp; Results: The study was carried out in 12 previously fasted (Food was withheld for 12 h and water was withheld for 6 h before the procedures healthy mares of different breeds (thoroughbred, Criollo and mixed breeds). These animals had an average weight of 439 kg, aged 3-17-year-old. The mares had no recent history of any disease and were considered healthy based on physical examination and routine hematological and biochemical examination. The procedures were carried out at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Paraná (UFPR), in the Large Animal Sector. The animals were physically restrained and had their tails covered with dressings and bandage material to maintain the perineal area clean. The genitalia and perianal region were washed with running tap water, after which the bladder was emptied by urethral catheter number 20. The mares were sedated and 15 min after sedation a flexible endoscope1 with a diameter of 5 mm and length of 100 cm previously sterilized in ethylene oxide was introduced by the external urethral ostium an endoscope 5 mm in diameter flexible and 100 cm in length was inserted through the urethra into the bladder where the ureteral ostia were identified. With a flexible polyethylene probe containing atraumatic metallic tip, the catheterization of the ureters was performed to guide the insertion of the endoscope to the renal pelvis. The ureter and left kidney were inspected in 8 mares and the ureter and right kidney in 4 mares. No complication or discomfort was observed after the procedure. This study demonstrated for the first time the viability of ureterino-nephroscopy using air insufflation to dilate the ureters in standing mares using a novel diagnostic modality that also allows to perform therapeutic interventions in certain diseases that affect the equine ureters and kidneys. Discussion: Ureteroscopy was performed successfully in mares, which allowed observation to the renal pelvis, although there were some limitations, such as the length of the cystoscope, which was used. In one of the mares, it needed to be about 2 cm longer in order to reach the renal pelvis. The anatomical conformation of the bladder and the ureter of some of the mares prevented the ureteroscope from entering the ureter. In these cases, a metal tube was used, serving as a guide for the endoscope, suspending the bladder and allowing access to the ureter. Lastly, the non-cooperative behavior of one of the mares made it impossible to perform the examination, even with sedation and physical restraint. This animal had to be replaced in this investigation. In this investigation no ureteral or renal changes were found. The authors believe that if abnormalities were present, they would be easily noted, since the ureter and renal pelvis were straightforwardly evaluated and in its entirety. Keywords: equine, ureteroscopy, diagnostic, kidneys, pyelonephritis.

Lilian Pamela Tapia Carreno Dornbusch

Lucimara Strugava

Jéssica Rodrigues da Silva

Monalisa Lukascek de Castro

Ivan Roque de Barros Filho

Fabiano Montiani Ferreira

Juan Carlos Duque Moreno

Peterson Triches Dornbusch

Uretero-Nephroscopy Standardization in Mares with Air Insufflation

母马空气充气下的输尿管肾镜检查标准化

Background: Mycoplasma infections are widespread globally, causing respiratory and extrapulmonary diseases in animals, particularly in sheep and goats. Symptoms include coughing, nasal discharge, respiratory distress, and pneumonia. Several Mycoplasma species like Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (MO), Mycoplasma capricolum ssp. capripneumoniae (MCCP), Mycoplasma mycoides ssp. capri (MMC), and Mycoplasma arginini (MA) are identified as causes. MA was first identified in sheep with respiratory diseases in 1972, and its presence has been consistently reported. In China, MA isolation from respiratory samples was achieved in 1991, correlating with pulmonary lesions. Sheep and goats are economic resources in China. In recent years, China encourages the sheep and goat breeding model to convert into scale. Nevertheless, sheep and goats farming are threatened by Mycoplasma, which greatly slowed down the production. Currently, there is a scarcity of data and reports regarding Mycoplasma infection in sheep and goat farming in Jiangsu province. This study aims to determine the prevalence and species of Mycoplasma in sheep and goats in Jiangsu province. The results may contribute to the prevention and control of Mycoplasma infection in Jiangsu region, and will also expand our understanding of the distribution of these respiratory diseases in sheep and goats. Materials, Methods &amp; Results: The study collected 920 nasal swab samples from sheep and goats in six cities in Jiangsu province. Following sample processing, DNA extraction was carried out using the lysis boiling method for both clinical samples and reference strains. Subsequently, PCR amplification was conducted utilizing universal and specific primers to detect and identify Mycoplasma species. Finally, the positive PCR products underwent sequencing and were compared for phylogenetic analysis. The results show that through using PCR specific primers to amplify genes associated with the Mycoplasma, 109 (11.85%) were confirmed to be Mycoplasma positive out of 920 samples that were collected from clinically diseased (470) and healthy (450) sheep and goats from Jiangsu province, China. 109 positive samples were obtained and classified as MO in 78.9% and MA in 21.1%. No MCCP and MMC were detected, and there was no evidence of mixed Mycoplasma infection. The phylogenetic analysis of the partial sequences of positive samples based on the MO p113 gene and MA ADI gene showed a high degree of similarity with some sequences of Mycoplasma in GenBank. Discussion: Among clinically healthy animals, 28 out of 450 samples (6.22%) tested positive, while among those with respiratory diseases, 81 out of 470 samples (17.23%) were positive, indicating a higher risk of respiratory disease in infected sheep and goats. Mycoplasma was found even in asymptomatic sheep and goats, suggesting it may not be the sole cause of respiratory symptoms. Immunized animals had lower infection rates, indicating some effectiveness of current vaccines, though overall efficacy remains modest. Regional variations in infection rates may stem from differences in vaccination and hygiene practices. Out of 109 positive samples, 86 were identified as MO infection and 23 as MA infection, while no infections of MCCP and MMC were detected. In this study, MO isolates lacked a central umbilicus in colonies, while MA isolates resembled "fried egg like" morphology. MO P113 gene sequencing revealed lower homology (86.0%) with certain strains compared to ATCC 29419, GZ-QX1, and NCTC 10151. This discrepancy could be ascribed to genetic mutations or disparities in pathogenic strains. MA ADI gene sequencing showed high homology (&gt; 99.1%) with ATCC 23838, NCTC 10129, and HAZ145 strains. This indicates that prevalent Mycoplasma linked to respiratory diseases in Jiangsu province are MO and MA. Keywords: ovine, caprine, small ruminants, Mycoplasma, epidemiology, sequencing, hylogenic analysis.

Cheng Cheng

Tian Qiu

Jianping Tao

Darong Cheng

Prevalence of Mycoplasma Infections in Sheep and Goats in Jiangsu, China

中国江苏地区羊和山羊支原体感染的流行情况

Background: Canine hepatozoonosis is a disease caused by protozoa of the genus Hepatozoon. It is transmitted when dogs ingest infected ticks and via the vertical route. In Brazil, it is often considered to be a subclinical disease, but it is still unclear whether more severe clinical signs develop in young, elderly or debilitating animals. The aim of this study was to report 82 cases of dogs naturally infected with Hepatozoon spp. in the Sertão mesoregion of Paraíba, in order to characterize the clinical signs, haematological findings, presence of concomitant diseases and epidemiological aspects. Cases: Records of 82 dogs that tested positive for Hepatozoon spp. in direct blood smears were studied. These animals were treated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal University of Campina Grande, located in the municipality of Patos, Paraíba, Brazil. The following data were obtained from each animal's clinical record: age, sex, breed, presence of tick infestation, clinical signs and blood count data. According to the clinical findings, the animals were divided into 4 groups: 1- animals with co-infections; 2- with severe or debilitating conditions; 3- with non-specific clinical signs, and 4- asymptomatic. The most affected dogs were puppies up to 6 months old (P = 0.0002) and mixed breed (P = 0.0014). Infection was found in three puppies up to 30 days old. There was a high frequency of animals that presented ticks at the time of the clinical examination (P = 0.0006). Of the 82 positive dogs, 49 had severe or debilitating illnesses and were the most affected group (P &lt; 0.001), 20 had non-specific clinical signs, 10 had co-infections with other agents and 3 were asymptomatic. The main conditions observed were trauma, neoplasms, co-infections with other haemoparasites and gastroenteritis. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were the main haematological alterations, which were observed even in asymptomatic animals. Discussion: This is the 1st study to show that canine hepatozoonosis is present in the Sertão mesoregion of Paraíba, Northeast region of Brazil and to evaluate epidemiological aspects associated with the infection. The infection found in puppies suggests vertical infection. Diagnosis in this age group is extremely important, because in puppies the disease may present in an acute form, producing more severe clinical signs, due to the fact that immunity is not fully developed in these animals. Mixed breed dogs were more affected, which may be related to the fact that these animals belong to families with fewer socio-economic resources when compared to the owners of pedigree dogs, directly influencing basic care for the animal. Tick infestation was the main predisposing factor and highlights the need for owners to control ectoparasites. In most of the dogs the Hepatozoon spp. infection was not the main cause, presenting itself as a secondary laboratory finding. It is therefore possible that these associated diseases have reduced the resistance of the host's immune system to Hepatozoon spp. There were also animals that presented only non-specific clinical signs that correlate with the pathogenesis of the parasite. Anaemia and thrombocytopenia were the main haematological alterations observed and proved to be indicative of Hepatozoon spp. infection, especially in subclinical cases. It is suggested that veterinary clinicians should request that blood smears be tested for Hepatozoon spp. in dogs with debilitating diseases, non-specific clinical signs or haematological disorders. Keywords: Canine hepatozoonosis, haemoparasites, anaemia, thrombocytopenia, vertical infection.

Maria Bernardino

Débora Ângelo

Edijanio Silva

Laura Oliveira

Antônio Vaz

Carolina Santos

Sérgio Santos De Azevedo

Dogs Naturally Infected with Hepatozoon spp. in the Sertão Paraibano Mesoregion, Brazilian Semiarid

巴西半干旱地区Sertão Paraibano中尺度区域内自然感染Hepatozoon spp.的犬只

Background: Craniocervical junction abnormalities (CJA) are described as complex congenital malformations affecting the caudal occipital region and 1st cervical vertebrae. These abnormalities often include Chiari malformations, atlanto-occipital overlapping, cervical canal stenosis, and atlantoaxial instability. There are few descriptions of these conditions in veterinary literature, despite their relevance. This report’s aim is to describe a case of complex craniocervical malformation in a dog, presenting the clinical findings, diagnostic methods, surgical treatment, and post-operative evolution, thus improving the understanding and management of such cases in veterinary practice. Case: A 4-year-old German Spitz dog, weighing 4.6 kg, was presented to a Veterinary Hospital in São Paulo State with a history of cervical hyperesthesia and non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Neurological examination revealed an absence of conscious proprioception in both thoracic and pelvic limbs, along with segmental hyperreflexia, pointing the neurolocalization of the lesion to the C1-C5 spinal segment. The dog's clinical evolution indicated further involvement of the brainstem, thalamic, and cerebellar regions. Cervical radiographs showed changes suggestive of craniocervical and vertebral malformations at C1-C2. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) further elucidated these findings, revealing a complex malformation causing significant compression of the medulla oblongata, atlanto-occipital overlapping, dysplasia/hypoplasia of the occipital bone, and mild cerebellar herniation, leading to partial obstruction of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. CSF cytology did not show significant abnormalities. Due to the unfavorable evolution of the patient, it was necessary to intervene surgically. The dog underwent foramen magnum decompression (FMD) with suboccipital craniectomy associated to cranioplasty using titanium mesh. Additionally, C1 laminoplasty and C1-C2 laminectomy were performed to maintain the stability of the atlanto-occipital joint and provide access to the dura mater. The dog presented a gradual and complete recovery of its motor function in the post-operative period, indicating a successful surgical treatment. Discussion: This case highlights the importance of advanced diagnostic imaging, such as MRI, in accurately identifying and assessing craniocervical junction abnormalities in dogs beyond what radiographs are able to identify. The successful surgical outcome obtained in this case shows the effectiveness of combining different surgical approaches for the management of such malformations. The foramen magnum decompression with cranioplasty, C1 laminoplasty, and C1-C2 laminectomy are great examples of fruitful combined techniques. Conservative therapies, such as pain management and the use of carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, may be satisfactory treatment options but could be insufficient for severe cases. Surgical intervention, as demonstrated, can significantly improve prognosis and quality of life by relieving compressive forces on the medulla oblongata and restoring normal CSF flow. The use of cranioplasty is particularly beneficial in reducing complications associated with scar tissue formation. This report adds valuable data to the limited veterinary literature on CJA, emphasizing the need for precise diagnosis and the advantages of the association of surgical approaches. This knowledge will ultimately improve treatment outcomes and the quality of life for animals with such abnormalities. Keywords: laminectomy, malformation, magnetic resonance, small animals, surgery.

Emerson Gonçalves Martins Siqueira

Richard Simon Machado

Ivan Felismino Charas dos Santos

Rogério Martins Amorim

Carolina Hagy Girotto

Raquel Azevedo dos Santos Madi

Vinicius dos Santos Rosa

Evelyn Rabelo Andrade

Multiple Malformations of the Craniocervical Junction in German Spitz Adult Dog

德国斯皮茨成年犬颅颈交界处多发性畸形

Introdução: O granuloma leproide canino é uma dermatopatia causada por Mycobacterium spp. Informações limitadas estão disponíveis sobre esta doença, que tem fatores predisponentes como raça e idade. Sua manifestação clínica consiste em nódulos cutâneos ou subcutâneos localizados ao redor da cabeça e orelhas que apresentam características de inflamação granulomatosa. Este relato de caso tem como objetivo discutir os principais aspectos da doença, seus sintomas clínicos, métodos diagnósticos e tratamento. Caso: Um canino macho de 5 anos, castrado, pesando 9,5 quilogramas, foi atendido em clínica-escola de medicina veterinária. Na consulta, a queixa principal eram lesões ulceradas e o tempo de aparecimento não pôde ser estimado pelo proprietário. Ao exame físico foram encontradas lesões dermatológicas, acometendo principalmente a região periauricular direita. As lesões eram nodulares, alopécicas, exsudativas e ulceradas. Não houve alterações nos parâmetros vitais, incluindo frequência cardíaca e respiratória, avaliação da mucosa, tempo de enchimento capilar, pressão arterial sistólica e temperatura retal. Foram realizadas análises laboratoriais, incluindo hematologia (hemograma completo) e bioquímica sérica (ureia, creatinina, alanina aminotransferase, fosfatase alcalina, proteínas totais e frações). Para o diagnóstico foi realizada análise citopatológica por meio de citologia aspirativa com agulha fina, que sugeriu a presença de bacilos de Mycobacterium spp. Para complementar e confirmar o diagnóstico, foram realizados cultura e antibiograma pelos métodos Ogawa Kudoh e Kirby Bauer, respectivamente, em amostras das lesões, que revelaram a presença de infecção bacteriana concomitante causada por Aeromonas hydrophila . Com base nisso, foi iniciada antibioticoterapia de amplo espectro, à base de enrofloxacina e rifamicina, de uso tópico. Após o tratamento, foi observada redução das lesões, juntamente com melhora clínica. Discussão: O granuloma leproide canino é uma doença pouco diagnosticada, e até o momento não existem estudos que relatem a ocorrência da doença na maioria dos municípios do Estado de Goiás. Embora seja assintomático, é importante investigar o quadro clínico do animal através de exames laboratoriais. Pelas suas características, as lesões dermatológicas encontradas em indivíduos com granuloma leproide sugerem inflamação granulomatosa, o que requer investigação adicional para descartar outras condições com aspectos semelhantes e determinar o diagnóstico definitivo. Portanto, conhecer as técnicas diagnósticas que podem ser utilizadas, como a citologia, mesmo sendo um exame de triagem, foi eficaz neste caso porque demonstrou o padrão celular das lesões, uma das características predominantes da doença. Os achados do isolamento do agente destacam a importância da cultura bacteriana nesta doença. Além disso, o uso de antibióticos garantiu ampla cobertura, demonstrando eficácia no controle da micobacteriose e da infecção bacteriana secundária.

Mariana Moreira Lopes

Rafaela Rodrigues Ribeiro

Cinthya Rodrigues de Souza Silva

Thays de Campos Trentin

Iago Martins Oliveira

CANINE LEPROID GRANULOMA IN GOIAS BRAZIL

巴西戈亚斯犬类麻风样肉芽肿

Background: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans and animals. Among the causes in dogs and cats, bite wounds stand out. A bite to the skull can cause wounds with direct inoculation of pathological agents into the central nervous system (CNS), which can trigger an infectious process. The objective of this report was to describe a case of subdural empyema in the brain and spinal cord of a dog secondary to a puncture wound to the skull caused by a bite and to report the late neurological complications. Case: An 11-year-old neutered male poodle dog was seen by the Veterinary Neurology and Neurosurgery Service (VNNS) of the University Veterinary Hospital (UVH) with a history of fighting with another dog five days ago. According to the owner, shortly after the attack, the dog became temporarily apathetic and, 12 hours after the trauma, he appeared normal with no clinical or neurological signs. However, five days after the trauma, the dog began to have difficulty walking with all four limbs and was sent to VNNS. On physical examination, a puncture wound was observed, with purulent secretion on the skin over the frontal bone region. He did not present any brain signs based on the reported history or the clinical and neurological evaluation of the patient. Based on the neurological examination, the suspected site of injury was the cervical segment of the spinal cord (C1-C5), initially unrelated to the skull injury. The differential diagnosis included intervertebral disc extrusion, vertebral fracture and/or dislocation, infectious disease, immune-mediated inflammatory disease and neoplasms. It was decided to hospitalize the animal for additional examinations and treatment. During this period, the wound was shaved and cleaned and fluid therapy and antibiotic therapy were instituted. After 12 hours of treatment, the patient's clinical condition worsened and died. At necropsy, perforation and comminuted fracture of the frontal bone were observed, hairs inserted into the cranial perforation, penetrating the brain parenchyma of the right frontal cortex. There was purulent, turbid exudate, invading the cranioencephalic cavity, lateral ventricles and extending to the subdural space of the cervical spinal cord. In the cross-section of the brain, an irregular and friable area was observed, close to the cortical meningeal surface, reaching the lateral (right) ventricle, from which purulent exudate was draining. There was also purulent exudate and hemorrhage surrounding the brain stem and covering the cervical portion of the spinal cord. Discussion: In the reported case, at the time of consultation, the neurological signs presented were compatible with a lesion in the cervical segment of the spinal cord (C1-C5), with no evidence of brain signs, both in the observational assessment and in neurological tests. However, after necropsy, the involvement of supraspinal structures (cerebral cortex, brainstem and cerebellum) could also be observed. Another important point in this case was the evolution of neurological signs that began five days after the trauma, changing the suspicion of the location and diseases without a possible relationship with the initial trauma to the skull. Therefore, the case has the clinical relevance of alerting veterinarians about the possible late neurological complications caused by subdural empyema and demonstrating that the findings in the neurological examination may not be compatible with the initial site of the injury. Furthermore, the authors emphasize the early approach to any bite wound in the skull region, even if there are no brain neurological signs, in order to investigate the extent of the injury and perform debridement of the affected tissues associated with abundant irrigation (dilution) of the wound with saline solution.

Júlia Silva Rauber

Mathias Reginatto Wrzesinski

Julya Nathalya Felix Chaves

Amanda Miwa Takamori Sekita

Miguel Dewes Oliveira

Glaucia Denise Kommers

Diego Vilibaldo Beckmann

Alexandre Mazzanti

Encephalic and spinal subdural empyema secondary to a puncture wound on the skull of a dog with late neurological signs

颅脑和脊髓硬膜外脓肿继发于一只晚期神经症状的狗的颅骨穿刺伤

Background: Visceral leishmaniasis is an important zoonosis caused by the protozoan Leishmania infantum and is considered an emerging disease in domestic cats. The clinical manifestation of leishmaniasis in felines is usually associated with the presence of immunosuppressive comorbidities, such as neoplasia. Scarce studies suggest the existence of an association between feline leishmaniasis and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC). Therefore, in order to contribute to a better understanding of the relation between these diseases in domestic cats, the aim of this study was to report a case of leishmaniasis in a cat with a concurrent CSCC from an endemic region for canine visceral leishmaniasis. Case: A 9-years-old crossbred male cat, with white coat and outdoor access, was evaluated at the Veterinary Hospital of the Federal Rural University of Semi-Arid (UFERSA), located in Mossoró city, Rio Grande do Norte state, Brazil. The animal had a history of a skin lesion in the head, with a time of evolution of one year. In the physical evaluation, it was observed an ulcerated lesion (3.8 x 3.6 x 1.0 cm), with raised, irregular, and thickened edges, muscular tissue exposition, and bone adhesion, affecting frontal, temporal, and parietal regions, in the left antimere. Additionally, it was noted bilateral submandibular lymphadenopathy. Complementary exams showed a discrete increase in creatinine levels (1.8 mg/dL) and hyperproteinemia (9.5 g/dL) due to hyperglobulinemia (6.5 g/dL). An immunochromatographic test was performed to detect antibodies against feline immunodeficiency virus and feline leukemia virus antigen, with a negative result. Submandibular lymph node cytology revealed the presence of structures with morphology compatible with amastigote forms of Leishmania spp. The histopathological analysis of the cutaneous ulcer diagnosed a moderately differentiated CSCC. After the conclusion of the diagnosis of feline leishmaniasis and a concurrent CSCC, the animal died before initiating any treatment. It was not possible to perform the necroscopic exam. Discussion: Leishmaniasis in cats is reported with a lower frequency compared to the cases of the disease in dogs. The role of cats in leishmaniasis epidemiology is not completely elucidated but is believed that these animals might act as secondary reservoirs for L. infantum, and are not responsible for the persistence of infection in environments where the primary reservoir, which is mainly represented by dogs, are not present. Nevertheless, the case reported was from an endemic region for human and canine leishmaniasis, which probably favored the infection of the animal with the protozoan. Clinically, feline leishmaniasis is characterized by cutaneous lesions, but other clinical signs, such as lymphadenopathy, gingivostomatitis, ocular and respiratory disorders, weight loss, and apathy, can occur. Regarding the clinicopathological findings observed in infected cats, normocytic normochromic anemia, hyperproteinemia, hyperglobulinemia and increased creatinine are commonly reported. A few case reports on feline leishmaniasis were published with animals from Brazil, and the association of this infectious disease with CSCC is rare. It is suggested a synergism between feline leishmaniasis and CSCC and is believed that the neoplasia might have its evolution accelerated by the systemic dissemination of the protozoan and/or the proliferation of the parasite in the skin. In cats with CSCC from endemic regions for human and canine visceral leishmaniasis, the concomitant occurrence of such infectious disease must be investigated.

José Artur Brilhante Bezerra

Poliana Araújo Ximenes

Ramon Tadeu Galvão Alves Rodrigues

Luanda Pâmela César de Oliveira

Ricardo De Freitas Santos Junior

João Marcelo Azevedo de Paula Antunes

Kilder Dantas Filgueira

Leishmaniose em um felino doméstico com carcinoma espinocelular cutâneo: Relato de caso em uma área endêmica para a leishmaniose visceral canina

家猫皮肤鳞状细胞癌合并利什曼病：发生于犬内脏利什曼病流行区的病例报告

Abbreviation	Acta Sci. Vet.
Journal Impact	0.15
Quartiles(Global)	VETERINARY SCIENCES(Q4)

ISSN	1678-0345, 1679-9216
h-index	18

Publication Information	Publisher: Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul，Publishing cycle: Tri-annual，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2002，Proportion of original research papers: 100.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.00%， Gold OA Rate: 60.97%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较慢,6-12周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：容易

Acta Scientiae Veterinariae

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