视觉科学年度回顾回顾了视觉科学的进展，视觉科学是一组交叉学科，涉及心理学、神经科学、计算机科学、细胞生物学和遗传学以及临床医学。该杂志涵盖了广泛的主题和技术，包括光学、视网膜、中央视觉处理、视觉感知、眼球运动、视觉发育、视觉模型、计算机视觉，以及视觉疾病、功能障碍和视力恢复的机制。视觉研究是许多科学领域取得进展的核心，这本新期刊将探索和揭示将视觉研究与生物学、行为、计算、工程和医学联系起来的联系。

The Annual Review of Vision Science is an annual journal that focuses on the latest advancements in the field of vision science. Vision science is an interdisciplinary field that encompasses psychology, neuroscience, computer science, cell biology, genetics, and clinical medicine. This journal covers a wide range of topics and techniques, including optics, retina, central visual processing, visual perception, eye movements, visual development, visual modeling, computer vision, as well as the mechanisms of visual diseases, disorders, and vision restoration. Vision research plays a central role in the progress of many scientific fields, and this journal aims to explore and reveal the connections between vision research and biology, behavior, computation, engineering, and medicine.

《Annual Review of Vision Science》是一本专注于视觉科学领域的年度回顾期刊，涵盖了视觉科学的最新进展。视觉科学是一个跨学科的领域，涉及心理学、神经科学、计算机科学、细胞生物学、遗传学和临床医学等多个学科。该期刊讨论的主题和技术范围广泛，包括光学、视网膜、中央视觉处理、视觉感知、眼球运动、视觉发育、视觉模型、计算机视觉，以及视觉疾病、功能障碍和视力恢复的机制。视觉研究在多个科学领域的进展中扮演着核心角色，本期刊将探索和揭示视觉研究与生物学、行为、计算、工程和医学之间的联系。

Annual Review of Vision Science

Early blindness causes fundamental alterations of neural function across more than 25% of cortex—changes that span the gamut from metabolism to behavior and collectively represent one of the most dramatic examples of plasticity in the human brain. The goal of this review is to describe how the remarkable behavioral and neuroanatomical compensations demonstrated by blind individuals provide insights into the extent, mechanisms, and limits of human brain plasticity.

Ione Fine

Ji-Min Park

Blindness and Human Brain Plasticity

失明与人类大脑可塑性

Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD) is a bilateral corneal endothelial disorder and the most common cause of corneal transplantation worldwide. Professor Ernst Fuchs described the first 13 cases of FECD more than 100 years ago. Since then, we have seen far-reaching progress in its diagnosis and treatment. In the field of diagnostics, new technologies enable the development of more accurate classification systems and the more detailed breakdown of the genetic basis of FECD. Laboratory studies help in deciphering the molecular pathomechanisms. The development of minimally invasive surgical techniques leads to a continuous improvement of the postoperative result. This review highlights and discusses clinical, genetic, pathophysiologic, and therapeutic aspects of this common and important corneal disorder.

Mario Matthaei

Agathe Hribek

Thomas Clahsen

Björn Bachmann

Claus Cursiefen

Albert S. Jun

Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy: Clinical, Genetic, Pathophysiologic, and Therapeutic Aspects

Fuchs角膜内皮营养不良：临床、遗传、病理生理及治疗方面

Animals live in visually complex environments. As a result, visual systems have evolved mechanisms that simplify visual processing and allow animals to focus on the information that is most relevant to adaptive decision making. This review explores two key mechanisms that animals use to efficiently process visual information: categorization and specialization. Categorization occurs when an animal's perceptual system sorts continuously varying stimuli into a set of discrete categories. Specialization occurs when particular classes of stimuli are processed using distinct cognitive operations that are not used for other classes of stimuli. We also describe a nonadaptive consequence of simplifying heuristics: visual illusions, where visual perception consistently misleads the viewer about the state of the external world or objects within it. We take an explicitly comparative approach by exploring similarities and differences in visual cognition across human and nonhuman taxa. Considering areas of convergence and divergence across taxa provides insight into the evolution and function of visual systems and associated perceptual strategies.

Elizabeth A. Tibbetts

Olivia K. Harris

Nathan I. Morehouse

Eleanor M. Caves

The Evolution of Simplifying Heuristics in Visual Cognition: Categorization, Specialization, and Visual Illusions

视觉认知中简化启发法的演变：分类、专业化与视觉错觉

Vision and learning have long been considered to be two areas of research linked only distantly. However, recent developments in vision research have changed the conceptual definition of vision from a signal-evaluating process to a goal-oriented interpreting process, and this shift binds learning, together with the resulting internal representations, intimately to vision. In this review, we consider various types of learning (perceptual, statistical, and rule/abstract) associated with vision in the past decades and argue that they represent differently specialized versions of the fundamental learning process, which must be captured in its entirety when applied to complex visual processes. We show why the generalized version of statistical learning can provide the appropriate setup for such a unified treatment of learning in vision, what computational framework best accommodates this kind of statistical learning, and what plausible neural scheme could feasibly implement this framework. Finally, we list the challenges that the field of statistical learning faces in fulfilling the promise of being the right vehicle for advancing our understanding of vision in its entirety.

József Fiser

Gábor Lengyel

Statistical Learning in Vision

视觉中的统计学习

Millions of people worldwide are bilaterally blind due to corneal diseases including infectious etiologies, trauma, and chemical injuries. While corneal transplantation can successfully restore sight in many, corneal graft survival decreases in eyes with chronic inflammation and corneal vascularization. Additionally, the availability of donor cornea material can be limited, especially in underdeveloped countries where corneal blindness may also be highly prevalent. Development of methods to create and implant an artificial cornea (keratoprosthesis) may be the only option for patients whose eye disease is not suitable for corneal transplantation or who live in regions where corneal transplantation is not possible. The Boston Keratoprosthesis (B-KPro) is the most commonly implanted keratoprosthesis worldwide, having restored vision in thousands of patients. This article describes the initial design of the B-KPro and the modifications that have been made over many years. Additionally, some of the complications of surgical implantation and long-term care challenges, particularly complicating inflammation and glaucoma, are discussed.

Claes Dohlman

The Boston Keratoprosthesis—The First 50 Years: Some Reminiscences

波士顿角膜假体——前五十年：一些回忆

This article reviews nearly 60 years of solid-state image sensor evolution and identifies potential new frontiers in the field. From early work in the 1960s, through the development of charge-coupled device image sensors, to the complementary metal oxide semiconductor image sensors now ubiquitous in our lives, we discuss highlights in the evolutionary chain. New frontiers, such as 3D stacked technology, photon-counting technology, and others, are briefly discussed.

Eric R. Fossum

Nobukazu Teranishi

Albert J.P. Theuwissen

Digital Image Sensor Evolution and New Frontiers

数字图像传感器的发展与新前沿

Geographic atrophy (GA), the non-neovascular advanced form of age-related macular degeneration, remains an important disease area in which treatment needs are currently unmet. Recent clinical trials using drugs that target the complement pathway have shown modest yet consistent reductions in GA expansion but without commensurate changes in measures of visual function. In this review, we summarize information from the wide range of studies describing the characteristics of GA morphology and enumerate the factors influencing the growth rates of lesions and the directionality of expansion. In addition, we review the relationship between GA growth and the various measures of vision that reflect changes in function. We consider the reasons for the discordance between the anatomical and functional endpoints in current use and discuss methods to align these key outcomes.

Eleonora M. Lad

Monika Fleckenstein

Frank G. Holz

Liangbo Shen

Lucian V. Del Priore

Rufino Silva

Giovanni Staurenghi

Nadia Waheed

Usha Chakravarthy

Informing Endpoints for Clinical Trials of Geographic Atrophy

地理萎缩临床试验终点信息

Glaucoma, a leading cause of irreversible blindness, is characterized by the progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) and subsequent visual field defects. RGCs, as the final output neurons of the retina, perform key computations underpinning human pattern vision, such as contrast coding. Conventionally, glaucoma has been associated with peripheral vision loss, and thus, relatively little attention has been paid to deficits in central vision. However, recent advancements in retinal imaging techniques have significantly bolstered research into glaucomatous damage of the macula, revealing that it is prevalent even in the early stages of glaucoma. Thus, it is an opportune time to explore how glaucomatous damage undermines the perceptual processes associated with central visual function. This review showcases recent studies addressing central dysfunction in the early and moderate stages of glaucoma. It further emphasizes the need to characterize glaucomatous damage in both central and peripheral vision, as they jointly affect an individual's everyday activities.

MiYoung Kwon

Impact of Glaucomatous Ganglion Cell Damage on Central Visual Function

青光眼性神经节细胞损伤对中央视觉功能的影响

What are the core learning algorithms in brains? Nativists propose that intelligence emerges from innate domain-specific knowledge systems, whereas empiricists propose that intelligence emerges from domain-general systems that learn domain-specific knowledge from experience. We address this debate by reviewing digital twin studies designed to reverse engineer the learning algorithms in newborn brains. In digital twin studies, newborn animals and artificial agents are raised in the same environments and tested with the same tasks, permitting direct comparison of their learning abilities. Supporting empiricism, digital twin studies show that domain-general algorithms learn animal-like object perception when trained on the first-person visual experiences of newborn animals. Supporting nativism, digital twin studies show that domain-general algorithms produce innate domain-specific knowledge when trained on prenatal experiences (retinal waves). We argue that learning across humans, animals, and machines can be explained by a universal principle, which we call space-time fitting. Space-time fitting explains both empiricist and nativist phenomena, providing a unified framework for understanding the origins of intelligence.

Justin N. Wood

Lalit Pandey

Samantha M.W. Wood

Digital Twin Studies for Reverse Engineering the Origins of Visual Intelligence

视觉智能起源的逆向工程数字孪生研究

The retina is an ideal model for understanding the fundamental rules for how neural networks are constructed. The compact neural networks of the retina perform all of the initial processing of visual information before transmission to higher visual centers in the brain. The field of retinal connectomics uses high-resolution electron microscopy datasets to map the intricate organization of these networks and further our understanding of how these computations are performed by revealing the fundamental topologies and allowable networks behind retinal computations. In this article, we review some of the notable advances that retinal connectomics has provided in our understanding of the specific cells and the organization of their connectivities within the retina, as well as how these are shaped in development and break down in disease. Using these anatomical maps to inform modeling has been, and will continue to be, instrumental in understanding how the retina processes visual signals.

Abbreviation	Annu. Rev. Vis. Sci.
Journal Impact	5.20
Quartiles(Global)	OPHTHALMOLOGY(Q1)

ISSN	2374-4642, 2374-4650
h-index	43

Publication Information	Publisher: Annual Reviews Inc.，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2015，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:2.00%， Gold OA Rate: 34.21%

Annual Review of Vision Science

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