NATURE REVIEWS CHEMISTRY 是一本在线期刊，每周出版化学内所有学科的评论、观点和评论。我们的评论旨在对所选主题进行平衡和客观的分析——对相关科学文献的描述和简单的讨论掌握任何化学相关学科的应届毕业生，并向主要研究人员和行业研究科学家通报最新进展。评论应该为作者提供对未来方向的洞察力以及他们对该领域研究人员面临的主要挑战的看法。观点——顾名思义——从稍微不同的角度看待一个话题。他们可能会提供更多的个人观点，解释某个主题的历史背景，或讨论与学术界和工业界化学研究相关的一些社会、伦理或环境因素。我们的评论针对化学中的热点问题——目的是涵盖化学家普遍感兴趣的主题不一定关注化学研究的结果或实践。这可能包括但不限于化学教育的讨论和学术环境之外的研究实践。评论、观点和评论由编辑团队委托。

Nature Reviews Chemistry is an online journal that publishes reviews, perspectives, and commentaries across all disciplines of chemistry on a weekly basis. Our reviews aim to provide a balanced and objective analysis of selected topics, helping recent graduates grasp relevant scientific literature and keeping leading researchers and industry scientists informed of the latest developments. Reviews should offer authors insights into future directions and perspectives on the major challenges faced by researchers in the field. Perspectives, as the name suggests, view a topic from slightly different angles. They may provide more personal insights, explain the historical context of a subject, or discuss some social, ethical, or environmental factors related to chemical research in academia and industry. Our reviews focus on hot topics in chemistry, aiming to cover subjects of general interest to chemists, not necessarily limited to the results or practices of chemical research. This may include discussions on chemical education and research practices outside the academic environment. Reviews, perspectives, and commentaries are commissioned by the editorial team.

《Nature Reviews Chemistry》是一本在线期刊，每周发布化学各个领域的评论、观点和综述。我们的评论旨在对选定主题进行平衡和客观的分析，帮助应届毕业生掌握相关科学文献，并向主要研究人员和行业科学家通报最新进展。评论应为作者提供对未来研究方向的洞察，以及对该领域研究人员面临的主要挑战的看法。观点文章则从不同的角度探讨某一主题，可能会提供更多个人见解，解释某个主题的历史背景，或讨论与学术界和工业界化学研究相关的社会、伦理或环境因素。我们的评论关注化学中的热点问题，旨在涵盖化学家普遍感兴趣的主题，而不一定局限于化学研究的结果或实践。这可能包括但不限于对化学教育的讨论以及学术环境之外的研究实践。评论、观点和综述均由编辑团队委托撰写。

Nature Reviews Chemistry

Single-atom catalysis has arguably become the most active new frontier in heterogeneous catalysis. Aided by recent advances in practical synthetic methodologies, characterization techniques and computational modelling, we now have a large number of single-atom catalysts (SACs) that exhibit distinctive performances for a wide variety of chemical reactions. This Perspective summarizes recent experimental and computational efforts aimed at understanding the bonding in SACs and how this relates to catalytic performance. The examples described here illustrate the utility of SACs in a broad scope of industrially important reactions and highlight the advantages these catalysts have over those presently used. SACs have well-defined active centres, such that unique opportunities exist for the rational design of new catalysts with high activities, selectivities and stabilities. Indeed, given a certain practical application, we can often design a suitable SAC; thus, the field has developed very rapidly and afforded promising catalyst leads. Moreover, the control we have over certain SAC structures paves the way for designing base metal catalysts with the activities of noble metal catalysts. It appears that we are entering a new era of heterogeneous catalysis in which we have control over well-dispersed single-atom active sites whose properties we can readily tune.Single-atom catalysts are heterogeneous materials featuring active metals sites atomically dispersed on a surface. This Review describes methods by which we prepare and characterize these materials, as well as how we can tune their catalytic performance in a variety of important reactions.

Aiqin Wang

Jun Li

Tao Zhang

Nat Rev Chem

Heterogeneous single-atom catalysis

异质单原子催化

High-entropy materials emerged as a field of research in 2004, when the first research on high-entropy alloys was published. The scope was soon expanded from high-entropy alloys to medium-entropy alloys, as well as to ceramics, polymers and composite materials. A fundamental understanding on high-entropy materials was proposed in 2006 by the 'four core effects' - high-entropy, severe-lattice-distortion, sluggish-diffusion and cocktail effects - which are often used to describe and explain the mechanisms of various peculiar phenomena associated with high-entropy materials. Throughout the years, the effects have been examined rigorously, and their validity has been affirmed. This Perspective discusses the fundamental understanding of the four core effects in high-entropy materials and gives further insights to strengthen the understanding for these effects. All these clarifications are believed to be helpful in understanding low-to-high-entropy materials as well as to aid the design of materials when studying new compositions or pursuing their use in applications.

Wei-Lin Hsu

Che-Wei Tsai

An-Chou Yeh

Jien-Wei Yeh

Nature reviews. Chemistry

Clarifying the four core effects of high-entropy materials.

阐明高熵材料的四个核心效应

Biomarkers are crucial biological indicators in medical diagnostics and therapy. However, the process of biomarker discovery and validation is hindered by a lack of standardized protocols for analytical studies, storage and sample collection. Wearable chemical sensors provide a real-time, non-invasive alternative to typical laboratory blood analysis, and are an effective tool for exploring novel biomarkers in alternative body fluids, such as sweat, saliva, tears and interstitial fluid. These devices may enable remote at-home personalized health monitoring and substantially reduce the healthcare costs. This Review introduces criteria, strategies and technologies involved in biomarker discovery using wearable chemical sensors. Electrochemical and optical detection techniques are discussed, along with the materials and system-level considerations for wearable chemical sensors. Lastly, this Review describes how the large sets of temporal data collected by wearable sensors, coupled with modern data analysis approaches, would open the door for discovering new biomarkers towards precision medicine.

Juliane R. Sempionatto

José A. Lasalde-Ramírez

Kuldeep Mahato

Joseph Wang

Wei Gao

Wearable chemical sensors for biomarker discovery in the omics era

There is an ongoing global effort to advance emerging perovskite solar cells (PSCs), and many of these endeavours are focused on developing new compositions, processing methods and passivation strategies. In particular, the use of passivators to reduce the defects in perovskite materials has been demonstrated to be an effective approach for enhancing the photovoltaic performance and long-term stability of PSCs. Organic passivators have received increasing attention since the late 2010s as their structures and properties can readily be modified. First, this Review discusses the main types of defect in perovskite materials and reviews their properties. We examine the deleterious impact of defects on device efficiency and stability and highlight how defects facilitate extrinsic degradation pathways. Second, the proven use of different passivator designs to mitigate these negative effects is discussed, and possible defect passivation mechanisms are presented. Finally, we propose four specific directions for future research, which, in our opinion, will be crucial for unlocking the full potential of PSCs using the concept of defect passivation.

Hong Zhang

Lukas Pfeifer

Shaik M Zakeeruddin

Junhao Chu

Michael Grätzel

Tailoring passivators for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.

定制钝化剂以实现高效稳定钙钛矿太阳能电池。

Halogen-powered static conversion batteries (HSCBs) thrive in energy storage applications. They fall into the category of secondary non-flow batteries and operate by reversibly changing the chemical valence of halogens in the electrodes or/and electrolytes to transfer electrons, distinguishing them from the classic rocking-chair batteries. The active halide chemicals developed for these purposes include organic halides, halide salts, halogenated inorganics, organic-inorganic halides and the most widely studied elemental halogens. Aside from this, various redox mechanisms have been discovered based on multi-electron transfer and effective reaction pathways, contributing to improved electrochemical performances and stabilities of HSCBs. In this Review, we discuss the status of HSCBs and their electrochemical mechanism-performance correlations. We first provide a detailed exposition of the fundamental redox mechanisms, thermodynamics, conversion and catalysis chemistry, and mass or electron transfer modes involved in HSCBs. We conclude with a perspective on the challenges faced by the community and opportunities towards practical applications of high-energy halogen cathodes in energy-storage devices.

Xinliang Li

Wenyu Xu

Chunyi Zhi

Halogen-powered static conversion chemistry.

卤素驱动的静态转化化学

Frances E. Zengotita

S. Olivia Gunther

Examining actinides with X-ray spectroscopy

用X射线光谱法研究锕系元素

A captivating challenge in chemistry lies in achieving robust and precise binding of uncharged, hydrophilic carbohydrate entities. Although past decades have provided a variety of excellent molecular architectures tailored for carbohydrate recognition, including acyclic receptors, macrocycles and foldamers, recent advances have highlighted the potential of synthetic molecular cages. These structures are equipped with intricately designed cavities that contain bespoke noncovalent binding sites for carbohydrate interactions. Constructed with the principles of complementarity and preorganization, these cage receptors demonstrate high affinity and exquisite selectivity in carbohydrate recognition through noncovalent interactions, capitalizing on multivalency and cooperativity. This Review highlights recent advances in the design and application of molecular cages with diverse structures, interactions and binding capacities for carbohydrate recognition. In the concluding remarks, we discuss future avenues for further exploration.

Abbreviation	Nat Rev Chem
Journal Impact	37.99
Quartiles(Global)	CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY(Q1)

ISSN	2397-3358
h-index	109
Top Journals	Yes

Publication Information	Publisher: Nature Publishing Group，Publishing cycle: 12 issues per year，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 2017，Proportion of original research papers: 0.00%，Self Citation Rate:0.30%， Gold OA Rate: 3.85%

Nature Reviews Chemistry

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Heterogeneous single-atom catalysis

Clarifying the four core effects of high-entropy materials.

Wearable chemical sensors for biomarker discovery in the omics era

Tailoring passivators for highly efficient and stable perovskite solar cells.

Halogen-powered static conversion chemistry.

Examining actinides with X-ray spectroscopy

Synthetic molecular cage receptors for carbohydrate recognition

Go with the flow for high-throughput electrochemistry

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