INFLAMMATION RESEARCH (IR) 发表有关炎症和相关领域各个方面的同行评审论文，包括组织病理学、免疫学机制、基因表达、介质、实验模型、临床研究和药物效果。相关领域定义广泛，包括例如过敏和哮喘、休克、疼痛、关节损伤、皮肤病以及相关药物的临床试验。

The journal "Agents and Actions" publishes peer-reviewed papers on various aspects of inflammation and related fields, including histopathology, immunological mechanisms, gene expression, mediators, experimental models, clinical research, and drug effects. The definition of related fields is broad, encompassing areas such as allergies and asthma, shock, pain, joint injuries, skin diseases, and clinical trials of related drugs.

《Agents and Actions》期刊发表关于炎症及相关领域的同行评审论文，涵盖组织病理学、免疫学机制、基因表达、介质、实验模型、临床研究和药物效果等多个方面。相关领域的定义广泛，包括过敏和哮喘、休克、疼痛、关节损伤、皮肤病以及相关药物的临床试验。

Agents and Actions

Metabolic reprogramming is one of the important mechanisms of cell differentiation, and different cells have different preferences for energy sources. During the differentiation of naive CD4 + T cells into Th17 and Treg cells, these cells show specific energy metabolism characteristics. Th17 cells depend on enhanced glycolysis, fatty acid synthesis, and glutaminolysis. In contrast, Treg cells are dependent on oxidative phosphorylation, fatty acid oxidation, and amino acid depletion. As a potent antimalarial drug, artesunate has been shown to modulate the Th17/Treg imbalance and regulate cell metabolism.

Kun Chen

Liying Tang

Xiaolin Nong

Inflammation research : official journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et al.]

Inflamm Res

Artesunate targets cellular metabolism to regulate the Th17/Treg cell balance.

Glycomacropeptide (GMP) is a bioactive peptide derived from milk that has been reported to exhibit a range of anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. The aim of this study was to analyze the prophylactic effect of GMP administration on airway inflammation and remodeling in an experimental model of asthmatic rat.

Nuria Renata Roldán

Mariela Jiménez

Daniel Cervantes-García

Estefanía Marín

Eva Salinas

Glycomacropeptide administration attenuates airway inflammation and remodeling associated to allergic asthma in rat.

甘露聚糖巨肽给药减轻大鼠过敏性哮喘相关气道炎症和重塑。

As a subset of CD4+ T cells, regulatory T cells (Tregs) with the characteristic expression of transcription factor FOXP3 play a key role in maintaining self-tolerance and regulating immune responses. However, in some inflammatory circumstances, Tregs can express cytokines of other T help (Th) cells by internal reprogramming, which is called Treg plasticity. These reprogrammed Tregs with impaired suppressive ability contribute to the progression of diseases by secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines. However, in the tumor microenvironment (TME), such changes in phenotype rarely occur in Tregs, on the contrary, Tregs usually display a stronger suppressive function and inhibit anti-tumor immunity. It is important to understand the mechanisms of Treg plasticity in inflammatory diseases and cancers.

Zheng Zhang

Jihua Guo

Rong Jia

Treg plasticity and human diseases.

调节性T细胞可塑性与人类疾病。

High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein is a nuclear non-histone DNA-binding protein. It is released into the extracellular milieu and mediates inflammatory responses, which contribute to the pathogenesis of numerous inflammatory diseases, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). An online search was performed in PubMed and Web of Science databases for articles providing evidence on the role of HMGB1 in IBD. HMGB1 plays an important role in IBD pathogenesis. Application of HMGB1 antagonists reduced inflammatory reactions and ameliorated colitis in rodent models, which may provide new insights into the diagnosis and treatment of IBD.

Zhen Hu

Xiaoyun Wang

Lei Gong

Gaojue Wu

Xiaobin Peng

Xuejun Tang

Role of high-mobility group box 1 protein in inflammatory bowel disease.

高迁移率族蛋白1在炎症性肠病中的作用。

Abstract Objective and design To elucidate Sirt1’s role in gouty arthritis inflammation and its potential mechanisms. Material Constructed murine models of gouty arthritis and conducted THP-1 cell experiments. Treatment 1 mg of MSU crystals injected into mice ankle joints for a 72-h intervention. After a 3-h pre-treatment with Sirt1-specific inhibitor (EX527) and agonist (SRT2104), inflammation was induced for 21 h using lipopolysaccharide (LPS) plus MSU crystals. Methods We assessed gouty arthritis severity through joint inflammation index, swelling, and hematoxylin and eosin (H&amp;E) staining, and measured CD68 mononuclear macrophages and Sirt1 expression in synovial tissue via immunohistochemistry. ELISA, NO assay, RT-qPCR, Flow cytometry, and Western blot were utilized to examine macrophage inflammatory factors, polarization, reactive oxygen species(ROS), MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways proteins. Results Significant joint swelling, synovial tissue edema, and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed. CD68 mononuclear macrophages and Sirt1 expression were elevated in synovium. Sirt1 activation decreased inflammatory factors, M1 polarization, and ROS generation. Sirt1 activation reduced p38/JNK phosphorylation, thereby inhibiting downstream NF-κB p65/AP-1 and enhancing Nrf2/HO-1, thus suppressing inflammation. Conclusions Sirt1 alleviates M1 macrophage polarization and inflammation in gouty arthritis by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1 pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway. Thus, activating Sirt1 may provide a new therapeutic target for gouty arthritis.

Xu Zhao

Menglan Li

Yiwei Lu

Mi Wang

Jiawei Xiao

Qingqing Xie

Xinyi He

Shiquan Shuai

Inflammation Research

Sirt1 inhibits macrophage polarization and inflammation in gouty arthritis by inhibiting the MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1 pathway and activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway

Sirt1通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB/AP-1通路和激活Nrf2/HO-1通路抑制巨噬细胞极化和痛风性关节炎中的炎症

This article is aims to provide an overview of studies reported in the literature to investigate the etiological role of IL-1/IL-1ra in various disease conditions and the different drug delivery systems developed to achieve IL-1ra as a possible therapeutic option.

Anand Ubhe

IL-1 receptor antagonist: etiological and drug delivery systems overview

IL-1受体拮抗剂：病因学与药物递送系统概述

G proteins are a class of important signal transducers in mammalians. G proteins can corpoarated with G proteincoupled receptors (GPCRs) and transmit signals from extracellular stimuli into intracellular response, which will regulate a series of biological functions. G-proteins are heterotrimeric proteins composed of Gα, Gβ, and Gγ subunits. Based on structural and functional similarity of their α-subunits, G proteins are typically grouped into four classes (Gi, Gs, Gq/11, and G12/13). The Gq/11 subfamily consists of Gq, G11, G14, and G15/16 proteins. Gαq is the α-subunit of Gq protein and encoded by GNAQ. Our previous studies revealed that Gαq play an important role in regulating T cell survival and T cell differentiation. Inflammasomes are multiprotein complexes that play a critical role in modulating innate inflammatory response. NLRP3 inflammasome is currently the most extensively studied inflammasome.

Ruixue Kong

Lijun Peng

Honggang Bao

Lulu Sun

Yan Feng

Hua Li

Dashan Wang

The role of Gαq in regulating NLRP3 inflammasome activation

Gαq在调节NLRP3炎症小体激活中的作用

Lidiane Isabel Filippin

María José Cuevas

Elena Lima

Norma Possa Marroni

Javier Gonzalez Gallego

Ricardo Machado Xavier

Retraction Note: The role of nitric oxide during healing of trauma to the skeletal muscle

撤稿说明：一氧化氮在骨骼肌创伤愈合中的作用

Vascularization after rib fracture is a crucial physiological process that is essential for the repair and healing of the rib. Studies have shown that CD90 plays a critical role in regulating rib fracture healing, but the underlying mechanism of its role has not been fully elucidated.

Lei Wang

Rui Hu

Pei Xu

Pengkai Gao

Bin Mo

Liya Dong

Fengqing Hu

CD90’s role in vascularization and healing of rib fractures: insights from Dll4/notch regulation

CD90在肋骨骨折血管化和愈合中的作用：来自Dll4/notch调控的见解

Abstract Introduction Pentoxifylline (PTX) affects most blood components and the blood vessels, potentially modulating various conditions. Due to its impact on markers linked to COVID-19 severity, research has explored PTX for acute COVID-19. Following the widespread administration of COVID-19 vaccinations, there has been a notable and consistently growing increase in research focusing on long COVID. Consequently, our examination of relevant acute COVID-19 data shall additionally be contextualized into long COVID research. Methods Various Databases were searched until July 2024 for all primary clinical studies on Pentoxifylline (PTX) in COVID-19. Results Studies were on acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 where PTX was an adjuvant to standard therapy for ethical and practical reasons under the circumstance. PTX generally reduced hospitalization duration and improved some inflammatory markers, but its impact on mortality was inconsistent. Adverse events were minimal. Meta-analysis revealed a significant reduction in hospitalization duration. Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis suggest that adding pentoxifylline (PTX) to standard COVID-19 therapy may significantly reduce hospitalization duration and improve some inflammatory markers. However, its impact on mortality rates is inconclusive. Adverse events are minimal. PTX can be favorable as an add-on in managing acute COVID-19 and could reduce the risk of long COVID, as well as assist in managing many of its most common symptoms.

Abbreviation	Inflamm. Res.
Journal Impact	4.75
Quartiles(Global)	IMMUNOLOGY(Q2)

ISSN	0065-4299, 1023-3830, 1420-908X
h-index	107

Publication Information	Publisher: Birkhauser Verlag Basel，Publishing cycle: ，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1969，Proportion of original research papers: ，Self Citation Rate:， Gold OA Rate:

Agents and Actions

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