代表纽约科学院出版的《纽约科学院年鉴》为当前科学兴趣的研究提供了多学科视角，对更广泛的科学界和整个社会具有深远的影响。在新兴发展提供新见解的承诺之际，每期特刊都汇集了该研究领域关键贡献者的最佳思想。个别主题的年鉴特刊通过提供一个中立的讨论论坛——在许多机构和领域内和跨领域，激发了思考科学的新方式。

The Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences is a journal published by the New York Academy of Sciences that offers a multidisciplinary perspective on current scientific research interests, having a profound impact on the broader scientific community and society as a whole. Each special issue gathers the best thoughts from key contributors in the field, committed to providing new insights into emerging developments. The annual special issues on individual topics serve as a neutral discussion forum, stimulating new ways of thinking about science across various institutions and disciplines.

《Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences》是由纽约科学院出版的期刊，提供了多学科视角，关注当前科学研究的热点问题，对科学界和社会产生了深远的影响。每期特刊汇集了该研究领域内关键贡献者的最佳思想，承诺为新兴发展提供新的见解。个别主题的年鉴特刊通过提供一个中立的讨论论坛，激发了跨领域的科学思考，促进了不同机构和领域之间的交流。

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

Rice is the staple food for over half the world's population. Approximately 480 million metric tons of milled rice is produced annually. China and India alone account for ∼50% of the rice grown and consumed. Rice provides up to 50% of the dietary caloric supply for millions living in poverty in Asia and is, therefore, critical for food security. It is becoming an important food staple in both Latin America and Africa. Record increases in rice production have been observed since the start of the Green Revolution. However, rice remains one of the most protected food commodities in world trade. Rice is a poor source of vitamins and minerals, and losses occur during the milling process. Populations that subsist on rice are at high risk of vitamin and mineral deficiency. Improved technologies to fortify rice have the potential to address these deficiencies and their associated adverse health effects. With the rice industry consolidating in many countries, there are opportunities to fortify a significant share of rice for distribution or for use in government safety net programs that target those most in need, especially women and children. Multisectoral approaches are needed for the promotion and implementation of rice fortification in countries.

Sumithra Muthayya

Jonathan D. Sugimoto

Scott Montgomery

Glen F. Maberly

Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.

An overview of global rice production, supply, trade, and consumption

Sialic acids are a diverse family of monosaccharides widely expressed on all cell surfaces of vertebrates and so‐called “higher” invertebrates, and on certain bacteria that interact with vertebrates. This overview surveys examples of biological roles of sialic acids in immunity, with emphasis on an evolutionary perspective. Given the breadth of the subject, the treatment of individual topics is brief. Subjects discussed include biophysical effects regulation of factor H; modulation of leukocyte trafficking via selectins; Siglecs in immune cell activation; sialic acids as ligands for microbes; impact of microbial and endogenous sialidases on immune cell responses; pathogen molecular mimicry of host sialic acids; Siglec recognition of sialylated pathogens; bacteriophage recognition of microbial sialic acids; polysialic acid modulation of immune cells; sialic acids as pathogen decoys or biological masks; modulation of immunity by sialic acid O ‐acetylation; sialic acids as antigens and xeno‐autoantigens; antisialoglycan antibodies in reproductive incompatibility; and sialic‐acid–based blood groups.

Ajit Varki

Pascal Gagneux

Multifarious roles of sialic acids in immunity

Dual‐systems theories explain lapses in self‐control in terms of a conflict between automatic and deliberative modes of behavioral control. Numerous studies have now tested whether the brain areas that control behavior are organized in a manner consistent with dual‐systems models. Brain regions directly associated with the mesolimbic dopamine system, the nucleus accumbens and ventromedial prefrontal cortex in particular, capture some of the features assumed by automatic processing. Regions in the lateral prefrontal cortex are more closely linked to deliberative processing and the exertion of self‐control in the suppression of impulses. While identifying these regions crudely supports dual‐systems theories, important modifications to what constitutes automatic and deliberative behavioral control are also suggested. Experiments have identified various means by which automatic processes may be sculpted. Additional work decomposes deliberative processes into component functions such as generalized working memory, reappraisal of emotional stimuli, and prospection. The importance of deconstructing dual‐systems models into specific cognitive processes is clear for understanding and treating addiction. We discuss intervention possibilities suggested by recent research, and focus in particular on cognitive training approaches to bolster deliberative control processes that may aid quit attempts.

Samuel M. McClure

Warren K. Bickel

A dual‐systems perspective on addiction: contributions from neuroimaging and cognitive training

成瘾的双系统视角：来自神经成像和认知训练的贡献

The Hadley circulation (HC) is a global-scale atmospheric feature with air descending in the subtropics and ascending in the tropics, which plays a fundamental role in Earth's climate because it transports energy polewards and moisture equatorwards. Theoretically, as a consequence of anthropogenic climate change, the HC is expected to expand polewards, while indications on the HC strength are equivocal, as weakening and strengthening are expected in response to different mechanisms. In fact, there is a general agreement among reanalyses and climate simulations that the HC has significantly widened in the last four decades and it will continue widening in the future, but there is no consensus on past and future changes of the HC strength. Substantial uncertainties are produced by the effects of natural variability, structural deficiencies in climate models and reanalyses, and the influence of other forcing factors, such as anthropogenic aerosols, black carbon, and stratospheric and tropospheric ozone. The global HC can be decomposed into three regional HCs, associated with ascending motion above Equatorial Africa, the Maritime Continent, and Equatorial America, which have evolved differently during the last decades. Climate projections suggest a generalized expansion in the Southern Hemisphere, but a complex regional expansion/contraction pattern in the Northern Hemisphere.

Piero Lionello

Roberta D'Agostino

David Ferreira

Hanh Nguyen

Martin S. Singh

The Hadley circulation in a changing climate

气候变化中的哈德利环流

The thyroid hormone (TH) plays a significant role in diverse processes related to growth, development, differentiation, and metabolism. TH signaling modulates energy expenditure through both central and peripheral pathways. At the cellular level, the TH exerts its effects after concerted mechanisms facilitate binding to the TH receptor. In the hypothalamus, signals from a range of metabolic pathways, including appetite, temperature, afferent stimuli via the autonomic nervous system, availability of energy substrates, hormones, and other biologically active molecules, converge to maintain plasma TH at the appropriate level to preserve energy homeostasis. At the tissue level, TH actions on metabolism are controlled by transmembrane transporters, deiodinases, and TH receptors. In the modern environment, humans are susceptible to an energy surplus, which has resulted in an obesity epidemic and, thus, understanding the contribution of the TH to cellular and organism metabolism is increasingly relevant.

Elizabeth A. McAninch

Antonio C. Bianco

Thyroid hormone signaling in energy homeostasis and energy metabolism

甲状腺激素在能量稳态和能量代谢中的信号传导

Abstract Behavior‐change lifestyle interventions are fundamental in children and adolescent obesity management. This scoping review discusses optimal behavior‐change lifestyle interventions in the treatment of overweight and obesity in children and adolescents. A literature search on diet, physical activity, and behavioral intervention for obesity treatment in children and adolescents aged 0–19 years was conducted in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Systematic reviews and meta‐analyses with randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English from June 2016 to November 2022 were retrieved to identify recent advancements. Obesity outcomes included body weight, body mass index (BMI), BMI z ‐score, and fat percentage, among others. The 28 located reviews included: four studies on diet therapy; five on physical activity (exercise training); one on sedentary activities; 18 on multicomponent behavior‐change lifestyle interventions, including three that incorporated gaming; three with eHealth, mobile health (mHealth), or telehealth, with one in each category; and two on motivational interviewing. Behavior‐change lifestyle interventions to reduce obesity in children and adolescents were associated with moderate effects, with low‐quality evidence for diet therapy and high‐quality evidence for exercise training, both for weight or BMI reduction. Long‐term intensive multicomponent behavioral interventions with parental involvement demonstrated better effects.

Liubai Li

Feng Sun

Jian Du

Zhixia Li

Tianjiao Chen

Xuanyu Shi

Behavior‐change lifestyle interventions for the treatment of obesity in children and adolescents: A scoping review

儿童和青少年肥胖治疗中的行为改变生活方式干预：范围综述

Abstract Macroautophagy, a universal cellular process, sends cellular material to lysosomes for breakdown and is often activated by stressors like hypoxia or drug exposure. It is vital for protein balance, neurotransmitter release, synaptic function, and neuron survival. The role of macroautophagy in substance use disorders is dual. On one hand, substances like cocaine, methamphetamine, opiates, and alcohol can activate macroautophagy pathways to degrade various neuroinflammatory factors in neuronal cells, providing a protective function. On the other hand, long‐term and excessive use of addictive substances can inhibit macroautophagy pathways, obstructing the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes and losing the original protective function. This review first summarizes the key proteins and signaling pathways involved in macroautophagy, including mTORC1, AMPK, and endoplasmic reticulum stress, and suggests that the regulation of macroautophagy plays a central role in drug‐rewarding behavior and addiction. Second, we focus on the interactions between macroautophagy and neuroinflammation induced by drugs, evaluating the potential of macroautophagy modulators as therapeutic strategies for substance use disorder (SUD), and identifying autophagy‐related biomarkers that can be used for early diagnosis and monitoring of treatment response. Our review summarizes the important scientific basis involved in macroautophagy pathways for the development of new therapies for SUD.

Zhaoying Yu

Shujun Lin

Xinshuang Gong

Zhiting Zou

Xiangdong Yang

Yuer Ruan

Liyin Qian

Yu Liu

Zizhen Si

The role of macroautophagy in substance use disorders

巨自噬在物质使用障碍中的作用

Abstract The neuroplasticity of adolescents could make them responsive to interventions affecting brain maturation such as yoga and mindfulness. We aimed to determine their efficacy and safety for the management of children and adolescents with obesity. A systematic search using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PsycInfo was performed up to March 2024. We considered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using yoga or mindfulness alone (or combined with standard therapy) compared to placebo, nothing, or standard therapy for weight loss. Methodological quality of studies was assessed with the Risk of Bias 2 tool. The primary outcomes were changes in weight and adiposity (kg, body mass index [BMI], BMI z ‐score, fat mass, waist circumference, waist‐to‐hip ratio). We assessed 4 yoga and 7 mindfulness RCTs, including 620 participants 8–19 years old. The number of participants varied per type of intervention (yoga, n = 10–63; mindfulness, n = 11–47). Comparators were no‐intervention or active controls. All yoga trials reported anthropometric improvements, but all trials combined yoga with extra physical activity. Five out of seven mindfulness trials reported anthropometric improvements. The methodological quality of the RCTs was low. No safety information was reported. The effect of yoga and mindfulness on psychological and metabolic variables was inconsistent. This evidence is insufficient to recommend yoga or mindfulness for the management of adolescents with obesity.

Mardia López‐Alarcón

Miguel A. Villasis‐Keever

José R. Fernández

Systematic review of the efficacy of yoga and mindfulness in the management of pediatric obesity

瑜伽与正念在儿童肥胖管理中的疗效系统综述

Abstract Tropical cyclones (TCs) are one of the major natural hazards to island and coastal communities and ecosystems. However, isotopic compositions of TC‐derived precipitation (P) in surface water (SW) and groundwater (GW) reservoirs are still lacking. We tested the three main assumptions of the isotope storm “spike” hypothesis (sudden spikes in isotopic ratios). Our database covers 40 TCs and is divided into recent ( N = 778; 2012–2023) and archived ( N = 236; 1984–1995) rainfall isotope observations and SW/GW isotope monitoring ( N = 6013; 2014–2023). Seasonal rainfall contribution from TCs ranged from less than 1% to over 54% (4% on average) between 1984 and 2023. Mean δ 18 O compositions across TCs domains were significantly lower than the regional (noncyclonic) δ 18 O mean (−5.24 ± 4.27‰): maritime (−6.29 ± 3.28‰), coastal (−7.78 ± 4.28‰), and inland (−9.80 ± 5.18‰) values. Coastal and maritime TC convection resulted in large rainfall amounts with high isotope compositions. This could bias past climate reconstructions toward unrealistic drier conditions. Significant δ 18 O and d ‐excess differences were found between storm intensities. P/SW and P/GW isotope ratios revealed the rapid propagation of TC excursions in freshwater systems. Our findings highlight the potential of TC isotope observations for diagnosing intensity and frequency in paleoproxies beyond idealized TC models.

Ricardo Sánchez‐Murillo

Dimitris A. Herrera

Kegan K. Farrick

Germain Esquivel‐Hernández

Rolando Sánchez‐Gutiérrez

Javier Barberena‐Moncada

Jorge Guatemala‐Herrera

Yelba Flores‐Meza

Roberto Cerón‐Pineda

Laura Gil‐Urrutia

Jorge Cardona‐Hernández

Tania Peña‐Paz

Junior O. Hernández‐Ortiz

Wendy Harrison‐Smith

Geoffrey Marshall

Aurel Persoiu

Juan Pérez‐Quezadas

Miguel Mejía‐González

Luis González‐Hita

Marcia Barrera de Calderón

Alejandro García‐Moya

Debora Hernández

Kristen Welsh

Rene M. Price

Diego A. Riveros‐Iregui

Ny Riavo G. Voarintsoa

Joshua C. Bregy

Minerva Sánchez‐Llull

Carlos Alonso‐Hernández

Saúl Santos‐García

Ana M. Durán‐Quesada

Christian Birkel

Jan Boll

Kim M. Cobb

Adrián F. Obando‐Amador

Ingrid M. Vargas‐Azofeifa

Doerthe Tetzlaff

Chris Soulsby

Sylvia G. Dee

Stable isotope tempestology of tropical cyclones across the North Atlantic and Eastern Pacific Ocean basins

北大西洋和东太平洋海域热带气旋的稳定同位素风暴学研究

Abstract An aging population combined with a rapidly increasing prevalence of diabetes foreshadows a global epidemic of cardiovascular and kidney disease that threatens to halt improvements in life and health‐span and will have particularly severe consequences in older adults. The management of diabetes has been transformed with the recent development of newer anti‐hyperglycemic agents that have demonstrated superior efficacy. However, the utility of these drugs extends beyond glycemic control to benefits for managing obesity, cardiovascular disease (CVD), chronic kidney disease, and heart failure. Numerous cardiovascular and kidney outcomes trials of these drugs have played an instrumental role in shaping current guidelines for the management of diabetes and CVD. Older adults with diabetes are diverse in terms of their comorbidities, diabetic complications, and cognitive and functional status. Therefore, there is an unmet need for personalized management of diabetes and CVD in this population. In this review, we provide an overview of the epidemiological burden and management of diabetes and CVD in older adults. We then focus on randomized cardiovascular and kidney outcome trials with anti‐hyperglycemic agents to propose an evidence‐based approach to the management of diabetes in older adults with high risk of cardiovascular and kidney disease.

Anika Bilal

Richard Pratley

Diabetes and cardiovascular disease in older adults

老年人糖尿病与心血管疾病

Abbreviation	Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.
Journal Impact	4.06
Quartiles(Global)	MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES(Q1)

ISSN	0077-8923, 1749-6632
h-index	289

Publication Information	Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc，Publishing cycle: Biweekly，Journal Type: journal，Open Access Journals: No
Basic data	Year of publication: 1939，Proportion of original research papers: 71.11%，Self Citation Rate:4.90%， Gold OA Rate: 32.21%
Average review cycle	网友分享经验：较快,2-4周
Average recruitment ratio	网友分享经验：较易

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

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